This chapter examines the rich and complicated relationship between Pirandello and Germany, beginning with his formation in Bonn and with German intellectual sources that were important for his worldview. It then examines the important role of the German stage and German director Max Reinhardt in influencing his mature theatre. At the same time, Pirandello’s own views of Germany also shifted over time, from his cultural affiliation with German thinkers to criticism of Austria and Germany in the period of the Great War. Spanning from inspiration to reception, Germany held an important if shifting and ambiguous place in Pirandello’s work and life.