Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- Abbreviations
- Introduction
- Individuals
- Logic and ontology
- Ethics
- Physics
- Chapter 19 The nature of time and place
- Chapter 20 The eternity of the world
- Chapter 21 The heavens
- Chapter 22 God and providence
- Chapter 23 Fate, choice and what depends on us
- Chapter 24 Soul
- Chapter 25 Generation
- Chapter 26 Sensation
- Chapter 27 Intellect
- Bibliography
- Index of sources
- Index of passages cited
- Index of personal names (ancient)
- General index
Chapter 21 - The heavens
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 June 2012
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- Abbreviations
- Introduction
- Individuals
- Logic and ontology
- Ethics
- Physics
- Chapter 19 The nature of time and place
- Chapter 20 The eternity of the world
- Chapter 21 The heavens
- Chapter 22 God and providence
- Chapter 23 Fate, choice and what depends on us
- Chapter 24 Soul
- Chapter 25 Generation
- Chapter 26 Sensation
- Chapter 27 Intellect
- Bibliography
- Index of sources
- Index of passages cited
- Index of personal names (ancient)
- General index
Summary
Cicero, On the Nature of the Gods 2.44 (Aristotle, On Philosophy, fr. 24 Rose 1886)
Aristotle, too, is to be praised for judging that all things that move are moved either by nature or by force or by [their own] will. The sun and moon and all the stars move; but things which are moved by nature are carried either downwards by their weight or upwards by their lightness, and neither of these applies to the stars, because their movement is round in a circle. Nor can it be said that some greater force brings it about that the stars move contrary to their nature; for what greater [force] can there be? So what is left is that the movement of the stars is voluntary.
Cicero, Academica Posteriora 1.26
Aristotle thought that there was a fifth kind [of element], from which were stars and minds; it was unique and unlike the four which I mentioned above.
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- Information
- Peripatetic Philosophy, 200 BC to AD 200An Introduction and Collection of Sources in Translation, pp. 180 - 195Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2010