Sexual function is recognized as an important factor determining quality of life and dysfunction in neurological patients may significantly add to the burden of their disease. Any disruption in the sexual response cycle results in sexual dysfunction (SD). Laboratory testing should be tailored according to patient symptoms and risk factors. Fasting glucose and lipid profile may be measured to assess atherosclerotic risk factors for erectile dysfunction (ED). Oral drugs should be considered as first-line therapy for neurogenic ED. There are fewer evidence-based therapeutic options for treatment of female SD. However it is an area of increasing interest and marketing of therapies by pharmaceutical companies. Therapies relate to treatment of sexual desire, arousal, orgasm and/or sexual pain. The term hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) is used to describe low sexual desire and distress, and many therapies aim to address this aspect of female sexual function.