Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-6bf8c574d5-zc66z Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-03-09T16:03:02.164Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 6 - Cancer and thrombosis

from Section 1 - Epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, treatment, outcomes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 December 2014

By
Uma Athale
Edited by
Neil A. Goldenberg  and
Marilyn J. Manco-Johnson
Uma Athale
Affiliation:
McMaster University
Neil A. Goldenberg
Affiliation:
The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Marilyn J. Manco-Johnson
Affiliation:
Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, University of Colorado, Denver
Get access

Summary

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Pediatric Thrombotic Disorders , pp. 72 - 87
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2015

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Varki, A. Trousseau’s syndrome: multiple definitions and multiple mechanisms. Blood 2007;110:1723–1729.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Khorana, AA. Malignancy, thrombosis and Trousseau: the case for an eponym. J Thromb Haemost 2003;1:2463–2465.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lyman, GH, Khorana, AA, Falanga, A, et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology guideline: recommendations for venous thromboembolism and treatment in patients with cancer. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:1–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khorana, AA, Francis, CW, Culakova, E, et al. Thromboembolism is a leading cause of death in cancer patients receiving outpatient chemotherapy. J Thromb Haemost 2007;5:632–634.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Khorana, AA, Francis, CW, Culakova, E, et al. Thromboembolism in hospitalized neutropenic cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:484–490.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lee, AYY, Levine, MN. Venous thromboembolism and cancer: risks and outcome. Circulation 2003;107:I-17–I-21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stein, PD, Beemath, A, Meyers, FA, et al. Incidence of thromboembolism in patients hospitalized with cancer. Am J Med 2006;119:60–68.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rickles, FR, Levine, MN. Epidemiology of thrombosis in cancer. Acta Haematol 2001;106:6–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kwaan, HC, Vicuna, B. Incidence and pathogenesis of thrombosis in hematologic malignancies. Semin Thromb Hemost 2007;33:303–312.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bulland, MF, Willey, V, Hauch, O, Wygent, G, Spyroupolous, AC, Hoffman, L. Longitudinal evaluation of health plan cost per venous thromboembolism or bleed event in patients with prior venous thromboembolism event during hospitalization. J Manag Care Pharm 2005;11:663–673.Google Scholar
Andrew, M, Vegh, P, Johnston, M, Bowker, J, Ofosu, F, Mitchell, L. Maturation of the hemostatic system during childhood. Blood 1992;80:1998–2005.Google ScholarPubMed
Raffini, L, Huang, Y-S, Witmer, C, Feudtner, C. Dramatic increase in venous thromboembolism in U. S. Children’s Hospitals from 2001–2007. Pediatrics 2009;124:1001–1008.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Brien, SH, Klima, J, Termuhlen, AM, Kelleher, KJ. Venous thromboembolism and adolescent and young adult oncology inpatients in US Children’s Hospitals, 2001 to 2008. J Pediatr 2011;159:133–137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nowak-Gottl, U, Kenet, G, Mitchell, LG. Thrombosis in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: epidemiology aetiology, diagnosis, prevention and treatment. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2009;22:104–114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Athale, UH, Chan, AKC. Thromboembolic complications in children with hematologic malignancies. Semin Thromb Hemost 2007;33(4):416–426.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mitchell, LG, Andrew, M, Hanna, K, et al. A prospective cohort study determining the prevalence of thrombotic events in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and a central venous line who are treated with L-asparaginase. Results of the Prophylactic Antithrombin Replacement in Kids with Acute Lymphoblastc Leukemia Treated with Asparaginase (PARKAA) study. Cancer 2003;97:508–516.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bajzar, L, Chan, AKC, Massicotte, MP, Mitchell, LG. Thrombosis in children with malignancy. Curr Opin Pediatr 2006;18:1–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Athale, UH, Siciliano, S, Thabane, L, Pai, N, Cox, S, Lathia, A, Khan, AA, Armstrong, A, Chan, AKC. Epidemiology and clinical risk factors predisposing to thromboembolism in children with cancer. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:792–797.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paz-Priel, I, Long, L, Helman, LJ, Mackall, CL, Wayne, AS. Thromboembolic events in children and young adults with pediatric sarcoma. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:1519–1524.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Athale, UH, Nagel, K, Khan, A, Chan, AKC. Thromboembolism in children with lymphoma. Thromb Res 2008;122:459–465.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Athale, UH, Chan, AKC. Thrombosis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia Part I: Epidemiology of thrombosis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Thromb Res 2003;111:125–131.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Caruso, V, Lacoviello, L, Castelnuovo, AD, Storti, S, Mariani, G, Gaetano, GD, Donati, MB. Thrombotic complications in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a meta-analysis of 17 prospective studies comprising 1752 patients. Blood 2006;108:2216–2222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Behm, F. Manifestations of the bone marrow. In Parham, D, ed. Pediatric Neoplasia: Morphology and Biology. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; 1996: pp. 449–504.Google Scholar
Maule, MM, Dama, E, Mosso, ML, Magnani, C, Pastero, G, Merletti, F. High incidence of acute promyelocytic leukemia in children in northwest Italy, 1980–2003: a report from the Childhood Cancer Registry of Piedmont. Leukemia 2008;22:439–441.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tallman, MS, Altman, JK. How I treat acute promyelocytic leukemia. Blood 2009;114:5126–5135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zakarija, A, Kwaan, HC. Adverse effects of hemostatic function of drugs used in hematologic malignancy. Semin Thromb Hemost 2007;33:355–364.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tallman, MS, Abutalib, SA, Altman, JK. The double hazard of thrombophilia and bleeding in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Semin Thromb Hemost 2007;33:330–338.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Choudhry, A, DeLoughery, TG. Bleeding and thrombosis in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Am J Hematol 2012;87:596–603.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Unal, S, Varan, A, Yalcan, B, Buyukpamukcu, M, Gurgey, A. Evaluation of thrombotic children with malignancy. Ann Hematol 2005;84:395–399.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kim, S, Chung, DH. Pediatric solid malignancies: neuroblastoma and Wilms’ tumor. Surg Clin North Am 2006;86(2):469–487.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schiavetti, A, Foco, M, Chiriaco, D, Iacobini, M, Varrasso, G, Ingrosso, A, Conti, L. Venous thrombosis and procoagulant factors in high-risk neuroblastoma. J Pediatr Hematol/Oncol 2010;32:93–96.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schiavetti, A, Foco, M, Ingrosso, A, Bonci, E, Conti, L, Matrunola, M. Venous thrombosis in children with solid tumors. J Pediatr Hematol/Oncol 2008;30:148–152.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wermes, C, Fleischhack, G, Junker, R, Schobess, R, Schwabe, D, Sykora, KW, Nowak-Gottle U. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia carrying MTHFR TT677 genotype and further prothrombotic risk factors. Klin Pediatr 1999;211(4):211–214.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bagatell, R, Morgan, E, Cosentino, C, Whitesell, L. Two cases of pediatric neuroblastoma with tumor thrombus in inferior vena cava. J Pediatr Hematol/Oncol 2002;24:397–400.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jenkins, EO, Schiff, D, Mackman, N, Key, NS. Venous thromboembolism in malignant gliomas. J Thromb Haemost 2010;8:221–227.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Perry, JR. Anticoagulation of malignant glioma patients in the era of novel antiangiogenic agents. Curr Opin Neurol 2010;23:592–596.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Perry, JR, Julian, JA, Laperriere, NJ, Geerts, W, Agnelli, G, Rogers, LR, Malkin, MG, Sawaya, R, Baker, R, Falanga, A, Parpia, S, Finch, T, Levine, MN. PRODIGE: a randomized placebo-controlled trial of dalteparin low molecular weight heparin thromboprophylaxis in patients with newly diagnosed malignant glioma. J Thromb Haemost 2010;8:1959–1965.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Semrad, TJ, O’Donnell, R, Wun, T, Chew, H, Harvey, D, Zhou, H, White, RH. Epidemiology of venous thromboembolism in 9489 patients with malignant glioma. J Neurosurg 2007;106:601–608.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tabori, U, Beni-Adani, L, Dvir, R, et al. Risk of venous thromboembolism in pediatric patients with brain tumors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2004;43:633–636.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Deitcher, SR, Gajjar, A, Kun, L, et al. Clinically evident venous thromboembolism in children with brain tumors. J Pediatr 2004;145:848–850.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacDonald, TJ, Stewart, CF, Kocak, M, Ellenbogen, RG, Phillps, P, Lafond, D, Poussaint, TY, Kieran, MW, Boyett, JM, Kun, LE. Phase I clinical trial of cilengitide in children with refractory brain tumors: pediatric brain tumor consortium study PBTC-012. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:919–924.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kounami, S, Aoyagi, N, Nakayama, K, Yoshiyama, M, Boshi, H, Sakiyama, M, Takeuchi, T, Yoshikawa, N. Fatal pulmonary thromboembolism after a second course of high-dose chemotherapy with autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplant. Pediatr Transplantation 2003;7:400–403.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirkwood, I, McCarville, M, Baharami, A, Shulkin, B. [F-18]FDG PET/CT appearance of tumor thrombi in pediatric solid tumors. J Nucl Med 2012;53(Suppl 1): 2193.Google Scholar
Shamberger, RC, Ritchey, ML, Haase, GM, Bergemann, MS, et al. Intravascular extension of Wilms’ tumor. Ann Surg 1001;234:116–121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, JN, Chen, JS, Chuang, HY, Yang, YJ, Chang, KC, Wu, J-M. Invasion of the cardiovascular system in childhood malignant hepatic tumors. J Pediatr Hematol/Oncol 2002;24:436–439.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
deVeber, G, Andrew, M, Adam, C, Bjorson, B, Booth, F, Buckley, DJ, et al. Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis in children. New Eng J Med 2001;345:417–423.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mitchell, LG, Sutor, AN, Andrew, M. Hemostasis in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: coagulopathy induced by disease and treatment. Semin Thromb Hemostasis 1995;21:390–401.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reddingius, RE, Patte, C, Couanet, D, Kalifa, C, Lemerle, J. Dural sinus thrombosis in children with cancer. Med Ped Oncol 1997;29:296–302.3.0.CO;2-9>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Legrand, I, Lalande, G, Neuenschwander, S, Dulac, O, Kalifa, LG. Thrombosis du sinus longitudinal superior au cours du treatment de lymphoma hez l’enfant. J Radiol 1986;67:595–600.Google Scholar
Dlamini, N, Billinghurst, L, Kirkham, FJ. Cerebral venous sinus (sinovenous) thrombosis in children. Neurosurg Clin North Am 2010;21:511–27.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kennet, G, Lutkhoff, LK, Albisetti, M, Bernard, T, Bonduel M, et al. Impact of thrombophilia on risk of arterial ischemic stroke or cerebral sinouvenous thrombosis in neonates and children: a systematic review and metanalyses of observational studies. Circulation 2010;121:1838–1847.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sebire, G, Tabarki, B, Saunders, DE, Leroy, I, Liesner, R, Saint-Martin, C, Husson, B, Williams, AN, Wade, A, Kirkham, FJ. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in children: risk factors, presentation, diagnosis and outcome. Brain 2005;128:477–489.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cefalo, MG, Maurizi, P, Arlotta, A, Scalzone, M, Attina, G, Ruggiero, A, Riccardi, R. Hepatic veno-occlusive disease. A chemotherapy-related toxicity in children with malignancy. Pediatric Drugs 2010;12:277–284.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haussman, U, Fischer, J, Eber, S, Scherer, F, Serger, R, Gungor, T. Hepatic veno-occlusive disease in pediatric stem cell transplantation: impact of preemptive antithrombin III replacement and combined antithrombin III/defibrotide therapy. Haematologica 2006;91:795–800.Google Scholar
Quereshi, A, Marshall, L, Lancaster, D. Defibrotide in the treatment and prevention of veno-occlusive disease in autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplantation in children. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:831–832.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Del Toro, G. Defibrotide in sinusoidal obstruction syndrome: mounting evidence in pediatric patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:735–736.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stork, LC, Matloub, Y, Broxson, E, La, M, Yanofsky, R, Sather, H, Hutchinson, R, Heerema, NA, Sorrell, AD, Masterson, M, Bleyer, A, Gaynon, PS. Oral 6-mercaptopurine versus oral 6-thioguanine and veno-occlusive disease in children with standard-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia: report of the Children’s Oncology Group CCG-1952 clinical trial. Blood 2010;115:2740–2748.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Iguchi, A, Kobayaschi, R, Kaneda, M, Kobayaschi, A. Plasma protein C is a useful clinical marker for hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD) in stem cell transplantation. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:437–443.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caruso, V, Castelnuovo, AD, Meschengieser, S, Lazzari, MA, Gaetano, GD, Storti, S, Lacoviello, L, Donati, MB. Thrombotic complications in adult patients with lymphoma a meta-analysis of 29 independent cohorts including 18 018 patients and 1149 events. Blood 2010;115:5322–5328.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Monagle, P, Chan, AKC, Goldenberg, NA, Ichord, RN, Journeycake, JM, Nowak-Gottl, U, Vesely, , SK. Antithrombotic Therapy in Neonates and Children: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th edn: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline. Chest 2012;141:e737S–801S.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiernikowaski, J, Athale, UH. Thromboembolic complications in children with cancer. Thromb Res 2006;118:137–152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khorana, AA, Streiff, MB, Farge, D, Mandala, M, Debourdeau, P, Cajfinger, F, Marty, M, Falanga, A, Lyman, GH. Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and treatment in cancer: a consensus statement of major guidelines panel and call to action. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:4919–4926.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Panova-Novea, , Falanga, A. Treatment of thromboembolism in cancer patients. Exp Op Pharmacotherapy 2010;11:2049–2058.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kearon, C, Elie, AKL, Comerota, AJ, Prandoni, P, Bounameaux, H, Goldhaber, SZ, Nelson, ME, Wells, PS, Gould, MK, Dentali, F, Crowther, M, Kahn, SR. Antithrombotic Therapy for VTE Disease: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th edn: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest 2012;141;e419S–494S.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mandala, M, Falanga, A, Roila, F, on behalf of the ESMO Guidelines Working Group. Management of venous thromboembolism in cancer patients: ESMO clinical recommendations. Ann Oncol 2009;20:182–184.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Streif, MB, Bockenstedt, PL, Cataland, SR, Chesney, C, Eby, C, Fogarty, PF, Gao, S, Garcia-Aguilar, J, Goldhaber, SZ, Hassoun, H, Hendrie, P, Holmstron, B, Jones, KA, Kuderer, N, Lee, JT, Milleson, MM, Neff, AT, Ortel, TL, Smith, JL, Yee, GC, Zakarija, A. Venous thromboembolic disease. J Nat Compr Canc Netw 2011;9:714–777.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chalmers, E, Ganesen, V, Liesner, R, Maroo, S, Nokes, T, Saunders, D, Williams, M. Guidelines on the investigation, management and prevention of venous thrombosis in children. Br J Haematol 2011;154:196–201.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ruud, E, Holmstrome, H, De Lange, C, Hogstad, EM, Wesenberg, F. Low-dose warfarin for the prevention of central line-associated thrombosis in children with malignancy – a randomized controlled study. Acta Paediatrica 2006;95:1053–1059.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Streif, W, Andrew, M, Marzinotto, V, Massicotte, P, Chan, AK, Julian, JA, Mitchell, L. Analysis of warfarin therapy in pediatric patients: A prospective cohort study of 319 patients. Blood 1999;94:3007–3014.Google ScholarPubMed
Andrew, M, Monagle, P, Brooker, L. Oral anticoagulant therapy in pediatric patients. Thromboembolic Complications During Infancy and Childhood. Hamilton: B.C. Decker Inc; 2000: pp. 321–356.Google Scholar
Buck, ML. Anticoagulation with warfarin in infants and children. Ann Pharmacother 1996;30:1316–1322.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lee, AYY, Levine, MN, Baker, RI, Bowden, C, Kakkar, AK, Prins, M, Rickles, FR, Julian, JA, Haley, S, Kovacs, MJ, Gent, M. Low molecular-weight heparin versus a coumarin for the prevention of recurrence venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer. N Eng J Med 2003;349:146–153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuderer, NM, Ortel, TL, Francis, CW. Impact of venous thromboembolism and anticoagulation on cancer and cancer survival. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:4902–4911.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Revel-Vilk, S, Chan, AKC. Anticoagulation therapy in children. Sem Thromb Hemost 2003;29:425–432.Google ScholarPubMed
Gould, MK, Dembitzer, AD, Doyle, RL, Hastie, TJ, Garber, AM. Low-molecular-weight heparins compared with unfractionated heparin for treatment of acute deep venous thrombosis. A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Ann Intern Med 1999;130:800–809.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Massicotte, P, Adams, M, Marzinotto, V, Brooker, LA, Andrew, M. Low-molecular-weight heparin in pediatric patients with thrombotic disease: a dose finding study. J Pediatr 1996;128:313–318.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Albisetti, M, Andrew, M. Low molecular weight heparin in children. Eur J Pediatr 2002;161:71–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dix, D, Andrew, M, Marzinotto, V, et al. The use of low molecular weight heparin in pediatric patients: a prospective cohort study. J Pediatr 2000;136:439–445.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nohe, N, Flemmer, A, Rumler, R, Praun, M, Auberger, K. The low molecular weight heparin dalteparin for prophylaxis and therapy of thrombosis in childhood: a report on 48 cases. Eur J Pediatr 1999;158(Suppl 3):S134–139.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ibrahim, RB, Peres, E, Dansey, R, Abidi, MH, Abella, EM, Gumma, MM, Milan, N, Smith, DW, Heilbrun, LK, Klein, J. Safety of low-dose low-molecular-weight-heparins in thrombocytopenic stem cell transplantation patients: a case series and review of the literature. Bone Marrow Transpl 2005;35:1071–1077.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Elhasid, R, Lanir, N, Sharon, R, Arush, M, Weyl, B, Levin, C, Potovsky, S, Barak, AB, Brenner, B. Prophylactic therapy with enoxaparin during L-asparaginase treatment in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2001;12:367–370.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harlev, D, Zaidman, I, Sarig, G, Arush, MWB, Brenner, B, Elhasid, R. Prophylactic therapy with enoxaparin in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and inherited thrombophilia during L-asparaginase treatment. Thromb Res 2010;126:93–97.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stine, KC, Saylors, RL, Saccente, CS, Becton, DL. Treatment of deep venous thrombosis in pediatric cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2007;13:161–165.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tousovska, K, Zapletal, O, Skotakova, J, Bukac, J, Sterba, J. Treatment of deep venous thrombosis with low molecular weight heparin in pediatric cancer patients: safety and efficacy. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2009;20:583–589.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Imberti, D, Vallisa, D, Anselmi, E, Moroni, CF, Berte, R, Lazzaro, A, Bernuzzi, P, Arcari, AL, Cavanna, L. Safety and efficacy of enoxaparin treatment in venous thromboembolic disease during acute leukemia. Tumori 2004;90:390–393.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Akasheh, MS, Abu-Hajir, M. The safety of enoxaparin in patients older than 60 years with acute myelogenous leukemia or high risk myelodysplastic syndrome undergoing chemotherapy. Bah Med Bull 2001;24:66–68.Google Scholar
Falanga, A, Marchetti, M. Venous thromboembolism in hematologic malignancies. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:4848–4485.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dix, D, Charpentier, K, Sparling, C, Massicotte, MP. Determination of trough anti-factor Xa levels in pediatric patients on low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). J Pediatr Hematol/Oncol 1998;20:398, Abstract no. 667.Google Scholar
Avila, LR, Shaik, F, Macartney, C, Williams, S, Brandao, L. The effect of therapeutic anticoagulation on the risk of traumatic lumbar punctures in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Thromb Haemost 2011;9(Suppl 2):1–1055, Abstract no. O-TU-043.Google Scholar
Moruf, A, Spyropoulus, AC, Schardt, TQ, Gibson, E, Manco-Johnson, MJ, Wang, M, Goldenberg, NA. Peri-procedural bridging with low molecular weight heparin in patients receiving warfarin for venous thromboembolism: A pediatric experience. Thromb Res 2012;130:612–615.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mitchell, L, Hoogendoorn, H, Giles, AR, Vegh, P, Andrew, M. Increased endogenous thrombin generation in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: risk of thrombotic complications in L-Asparaginase-induced antithrombin III deficiency. Blood 1994;83:386–391.Google ScholarPubMed
Hongo, T, Okada, S, Ohzeki, T, Ohta, H, Nishimura, S, Hamamoto, K, Yagi, K, Misu, H, Eguchi, N, Suzuki, N, Horibe, K, Ueda, K. Low plasma levels of hemostatic proteins during the induction phase in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A retrospective study by the JACLS: Japan Association of Childhood Leukemia Study. Pediatr Int 2002;44:293–299.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Halton, JM, Mitchell, LG, Vegh, P, Eves, M, Andrew, ME. Fresh frozen plasma has no beneficial effect on the hemostatic system in children receiving L-asparaginase. Am J Hematol 1994;47:157–161.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Abbott, LS, Deevska, M, Fernandez, CV, Dix, D, Price, VE, Wang, H, Parker, L, Yhap, M, Fitzgerald, C, Barnard, DR, Berman, JN. The impact of prophylactic fresh-frozen plasma and cryoprecipitate on the incidence of central nervous system thrombosis and hemorrhage in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia receiving asparaginase. Blood 2009;114:5146–5151.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meister, B, Kropshofer, G, Klein-Franke, A, Strasak, AM, Hager, J, Streif, W. Comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin and antithrombin versus antithrombin alone for the prevention of symptomatic venous thromboembolism in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:298–303.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nowak-Gottl, U, Rath, B, Binder, M, Hassel, JU, Wolff, J, Husemann, S, Ritter, J. Inefficacy of fresh frozen plasma in the treatment of L-asparaginase-induced coagulation factor deficiencies during ALL induction therapy. Haematologica 1995;80:451–453.Google ScholarPubMed
Gugliotta, L, D’Angelo, A, Mattioli Belmonte, M, Vigano-D’Angelo, S, Colombo, G, Catani, L, Gianni, L, Lauria, F, Tura, S. Hypercoagulability during L-asparaginase treatment: the effect of antithrombin III supplementation in vivo. Br J Haematol 1990;74:465–470.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zaunschirm, A, Muntean, W. Correction of hemostatic imbalances induced by L-asparaginase therapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 1986;3:19–25.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nowak-Gottl, U, Kuhn, N, Wolff, JE, Boos, J, Kehrel, B, Rath, B, Jurgens, H. Inhibition of hypercoagulation by antithrombin substitution in E. coli L-asparaginase-treated children. Eur J Haematol 1996;56:35–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hunault-Berger, M, Chevallier, P, Delain, M, et al. Changes in antithrombin and fibrinogen levels during induction chemotherapy with L-asparaginase in adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia or lymphoblastic lymphoma: use of supportive coagulation therapy and clinical outcome. Haematologica 2008;93(10):1488–1494.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Steiner, M, Attarbaschi, A, Hass, OA, Kastner, U, Gadner, H, Mann, G. Fresh frozen plasma contains free asparagine and may replace the plasma asparagine pool during L-asparaginase therapy. (Letter to the Editor.) Leukemia 2008;22:1290.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zuckerman, T, Ganzel, C, Tallman, MS, Rowe, JM. How I treat hematologic emergencies in adults with acute leukemia. Blood 2012;120(10):1993–2002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muller, HJ, Boos, J. Use of L-asparaginase in childhood ALL. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 1998;28:97–113.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Silverman, LB, Gelber, RD, Dalton, VK, Asselin, BL, Barr, RD, Clavell, LA, Hurwitz, CA, Moghrabi, A, Samson, Y, Schorin, MA, Arkin, S, Declerck, L, Cohen, HJ, Sallan, SE. Improved outcome of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results of Dana-Farber consortium protocol 91–01. Blood 2001;97:1211–1217.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Qureshi, A, Mitchell, C, Richards, S, Vora, A, Goulden, N. Asparaginase-related venous thrombosis in UKALL 2003 – re-exposure to asparaginase is feasible and safe. Br J Haematol 2010;149:410–413.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grace, RF, Dahlberg, SE, Neuberg, D, Sallan, SE, Connor, JM, Neufeld, EJ, Deangelo, DJ, Silverman, LD. The frequency and management of asparaginase-related thrombosis in paediatric and adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated on Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Consortium protocols. Br J Haematol 2011;152(4):452–459.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crowther, MA. Inferior vena cava filters in the management of venous thromboembolism. Am J Med 2007;120:S13–S17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raffini, L, Cahill, AM, Hellinger, J, Manno, C. A prospective observational study of IVC filters in pediatric patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51(4):517–520.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kukareja, KU, Gollamudi, J, Patel, MN, Johnson, ND, Racadio, JM. Inferior vana caval filters in children: our experience and suggested guidelines. J Pediatr Hematol/Oncol 2011;33(3):334–338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwarz, RE, Marrero, AM, Conlon, KC, Burt, M. Inferior vena caval filters in cancer patients: indications and outcome. J Clin Oncol 1996;14(2):652–657.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abdelkefi, A, Othman, TB, Kammoun, L, Chelli, M, Romdhan, NB, Kriaa, A, Ladeb, S, Torjman, L, Lakhal, A, Achour, W, Hassen, AB, Hsairi, M, Ladeb, F, Abdeladhim, AB. Prevention of central venous line-related thrombosis by continuous infusion of low-dose unfractionated heparin in patients with hemato-oncological disease. Thromb Haemost 2004;92:654–661.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×