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Chapter 3 - Anemia

from Section II - Non-Neoplastic Hematologic Disorders of Blood and Bone Marrow

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 January 2024

By
Virginia Knez  and
Xiayuan Liang
Edited by
Xiayuan Liang ,
Bradford Siegele  and
Jennifer Picarsic
Xiayuan Liang
Affiliation:
Children’s Hospital of Colorado
Bradford Siegele
Affiliation:
Children’s Hospital of Colorado
Jennifer Picarsic
Affiliation:
Cincinnati Childrens Hospital Medicine Center
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Summary

Anemia is defined as a hemoglobin (Hb) level or red blood cell (RBC) mass of less than the 5th percentile for age [1]. Approximately 20% of American children have anemia [1]. Most children with anemia are asymptomatic, and the condition is often discovered incidentally on routine laboratory testing.

Hemoglobin is a tetrameric protein composed of two pairs of globin chains complexed with four heme groups and is responsible for the transportation of oxygen of RBCs [2,3]. Normal adult RBCs contain 97% hemoglobin A (HbA; α2β2), 2% HbA2 (α2δ2), and 1% fetal Hb (HbF; α2γ2). At birth, HbF is predominant. Within the first year of life, it is largely replaced by HbA [3].

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Chapter
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Pediatric Pathology of Hematopoietic and Histiocytic Disorders , pp. 9 - 24
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

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