Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of Figures and Tables
- Acknowledgements
- List of Abbreviations
- Introduction
- Part 1 The National War Aims Committee
- 1 The Development of Wartime Propaganda and the Emergence of the NWAC
- 2 The NWAC at Work
- 3 Local Agency, Local Work: The Role of Constituency War Aims Committees
- Part 2 Patriotism for a Purpose: NWAC Propaganda
- 4 Presentational Patriotisms
- 5 Adversaries at Home and Abroad: The Context of Negative Difference
- 6 Civilisational Principles: Britain and its Allies as the Guardians of Civilisation
- 7 Patriotisms of Duty: Sacrifice, Obligation and Community – The Narrative Core of NWAC Propaganda
- 8 Promises for the Future: The Encouragement of Aspirations for a Better Life, Nation and World
- Part 3 The Impact of the NWAC
- 9 ‘A Premium on Corruption’? Parliamentary, Pressure Group and National Press Responses
- 10 Individual and Local Reactions to the NWAC
- Conclusion
- Appendix 1 Local Case Studies
- Appendix 2 Card-Index Database
- Bibliography
- Index
Conclusion
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of Figures and Tables
- Acknowledgements
- List of Abbreviations
- Introduction
- Part 1 The National War Aims Committee
- 1 The Development of Wartime Propaganda and the Emergence of the NWAC
- 2 The NWAC at Work
- 3 Local Agency, Local Work: The Role of Constituency War Aims Committees
- Part 2 Patriotism for a Purpose: NWAC Propaganda
- 4 Presentational Patriotisms
- 5 Adversaries at Home and Abroad: The Context of Negative Difference
- 6 Civilisational Principles: Britain and its Allies as the Guardians of Civilisation
- 7 Patriotisms of Duty: Sacrifice, Obligation and Community – The Narrative Core of NWAC Propaganda
- 8 Promises for the Future: The Encouragement of Aspirations for a Better Life, Nation and World
- Part 3 The Impact of the NWAC
- 9 ‘A Premium on Corruption’? Parliamentary, Pressure Group and National Press Responses
- 10 Individual and Local Reactions to the NWAC
- Conclusion
- Appendix 1 Local Case Studies
- Appendix 2 Card-Index Database
- Bibliography
- Index
Summary
THE NWAC's activities ceased shortly after the armistice. Sanders told MPs on 14 November that the Committee had warned all WACs ten days earlier that activities would be suspended during a general election. Sanders reported that it ‘has also been decided to suspend all meetings and publications during the period of the Armistice’, barring a couple of final newspaper supplements, an edition of Reality and a pre-arranged tour of the western front for trade unionists. Sanders also confirmed that parliamentary candidates would not be permitted to use NWAC pamphlets in their campaigns. Having been suspended, the Committee effectively ceased to exist. Its MPs, secretaries and the party staff speakers addressed themselves to the election, while salaried staff sought other appointments. It was seemingly the first propaganda organisation to shut down fully, with responsibility for its cinemotors transferred to the National War Savings Committee on 14 December. The Ministry of Information, Lord Northcliffe's enemy propaganda organisation at Crewe House and the Press Bureau followed shortly thereafter. As Sanders and Taylor note, ‘the reputation which the British government earned for the successful employment of propaganda was not one of which many contemporaries felt proud. It was … a somehow “un-English” activity’ only acceptable in retaliation to enemy efforts.
Notwithstanding the unease at the use of domestic propaganda, however, Gerard Fiennes was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1920 specifically for his wartime role in the NWAC's Publicity Department, suggesting governmental appreciation of domestic propaganda's worth. Two other key Committee members were less well rewarded. Its two Asquithian Liberal MPs, A.H. Marshall and Walter Rea, were not given the Coalition ‘coupon’ at the 1918 election. Marshall subsequently received only 14 per cent of the vote at Wakefield behind a Coalition Conservative and a Labour candidate, while Rea managed just 12.1 per cent, finishing fourth and failing to win either of Oldham's two seats (behind ‘couponed’ Conservative and Liberal candidates and Labour). While Marshall and Rea benefited little politically from their involvement with the Committee, however, Guest and Sanders's collaboration as chairman and vice chairman probably helped facilitate arrangements for the post-war coalition.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Patriotism and Propaganda in First World War BritainThe National War Aims Committee and Civilian Morale, pp. 268 - 274Publisher: Liverpool University PressPrint publication year: 2012