Theologians of the late medieval period (for our purposes the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries) were able to avail themselves of a huge array of sources: in addition to Augustine and other Patristic writers, they had at their disposal the complete works of Aristotle and many of his Neoplatonic commentators, as well as a vast number of works of Arabic and Jewish philosophy. What they did not have directly were the works of Plato himself (apart from the Timaeus, which was rarely read) or Plotinus – two authors that we might think of as central to any discussion of the notion of participation. Despite this, we find considerable appropriation of Platonic and Neoplatonic material on participation, in particular through Augustine and Ps.-Dionysius the Areopagite. The fact that participation is a biblical notion doubtless helped foster this focus.