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15 - Toxoplasma gondii, Sarcocystis neurona, and Neospora caninum: the worst of the coccidians?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 November 2009

Gerald Esch
Affiliation:
Wake Forest University, North Carolina
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Summary

The sick are the greatest danger for the healthy; it is not from the strongest that harm comes to the strong, but from the weakest.

Genealogy of Morals, Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900)

Without question, the most speciose group of eukaryotic parasites are the coccidians. For me, the three most significant members are Toxoplasma gondii, Sarcocystis neurona, and Neospora caninum. One way or another, J. P. Dubey has had a direct hand, literally, in discovering and naming two of these organisms, in resolving one of the parasites' life cycle, and in developing a significantly deeper understanding regarding the biology of all three. Two of these three coccidians, namely T. gondii and N. caninum, infect more people, and cause more abortions in sheep and cattle, than any other protozoan parasite. The third, S. neurona, inflicts serious neurological damage to horses within the U.S.A. Because of the significant medical, veterinary, and economic importance of these parasites, I wanted to talk with J. P. and learn what I could about his interest in these organisms and the diseases they cause. Having known J. P. for probably thirty years, I thought I knew the answer, but I wanted to satisfy my curiosity and see if my guesswork was correct, so I headed for Beltsville, Maryland, in early May of 2006 to find out.

His ‘love affair’ for protozoan parasites, especially Toxoplasma gondii, goes back a long way.

Type
Chapter
Information
Parasites and Infectious Disease
Discovery by Serendipity and Otherwise
, pp. 328 - 344
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

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References

Bjerkas, I., Mohn, S. F., and Presthus, J.. 1984. Unidentified cyst-forming sporozoon causing encephalomyelitis and myositis in dogs. Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde 70: 46–54.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dubey, J. P.,Davis, G. E., Koestner, A., and, K. Kiryu, . 1974. Equine encephalomyelitis due to a protozoan parasite resembling Toxoplasma gondii. Journal of the American Veterinary Medicine Association 165: 249–255.Google ScholarPubMed
Dubey, J. P., Hattel, A. L., Lindsay, D. S., and Topper, M. J.. 1988. Neonatal Neospora caninum infection in dogs: isolation of the causative agent and experimental transmission. Journal of the American Veterinary Association 193: 1259–1263.Google ScholarPubMed
Dubey, J. P., Davis, S. W., Speer, C. A.et al., 1991. Sarcocystis neurona n. sp. (Protozoa: Apicomplexa), the causative agent of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis. Journal of Parasitology 77: 212–218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fenger, C. K., Granstrom, D. E., Langemeir, J. L.et al. 1996. Identification of opposums (Didelphis virginianus) as the putative definitive host of Sarcocystis neurona. Journal of Parasitology 81: 916–919.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frenkel, J. K., Dubey, J. P., and Miller, N. L.. 1970. Toxoplasma gondii in cats: fecal stages identified as coccidian cysts. Science 167: 893–896.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
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Thilsted, J. P. and Dubey, J. P.. 1989. Neosporosis-like abortions in a herd of dairy cattle. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigations 1: 205–209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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