Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-06T11:15:06.379Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Section 2 - Labor and Delivery

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 February 2023

Amira El-Messidi
Affiliation:
McGill University, Montréal
Alan D. Cameron
Affiliation:
University of Glasgow
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
OSCEs in Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine
An Evidence-Based Approach
, pp. 197 - 312
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Suggested Readings

ACOG Committee Opinion No. 766: Approaches to limit intervention during labor and birth. Obstet Gynecol. 2019;133(2):e164–e173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alhafez, L, Berghella, V. Evidence-based labor management: first stage of labor (part 3). Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM. 2020;2(4):100185.Google Scholar
Alrowaily, N, D’Souza, R, Dong, S, et al. Determining the optimal antibiotic regimen for chorioamnionitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2021;100(5):818831.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists’ Committee on Obstetric Practice. Delayed umbilical cord clamping after birth: ACOG Committee Opinion No. 814. Obstet Gynecol. 2020;136(6):e100e106.Google Scholar
Ayres-de-Campos, D, Arulkumaran, S, FIGO Intrapartum Fetal Monitoring Expert Consensus Panel. FIGO consensus guidelines on intrapartum fetal monitoring: physiology of fetal oxygenation and the main goals of intrapartum fetal monitoring. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2015;131(1):58.Google Scholar
Ayres-de-Campos, D, Spong, CY, Chandraharan, E, FIGO Intrapartum Fetal Monitoring Expert Consensus Panel. FIGO consensus guidelines on intrapartum fetal monitoring: Cardiotocography. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2015;131(1):1324.Google Scholar
Bloch, C, Dore, S, Hobson, S. Committee Opinion No. 415: Impacted fetal head, second-stage Cesarean delivery. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2021;43(3):406413.Google Scholar
Bonapace, J, Gagné, GP, Chaillet, N, et al. No. 355 – physiologic basis of pain in labour and delivery: an evidence-based approach to its management. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2018;40(2):227245.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Committee on Practice Bulletins-Obstetrics. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 198: Prevention and management of obstetric lacerations at vaginal delivery. Obstet Gynecol. 2018;132(3):e87e102.Google Scholar
Committee Opinion No. 712: Intrapartum management of intraamniotic infection. Obstet Gynecol. 2017;130(2):e95–e101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conde-Agudelo, A, Romero, R, Jung, EJ, et al. Management of clinical chorioamnionitis: an evidence-based approach. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020;223(6):848869.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dore, S, Ehman, W. No. 396 – fetal health surveillance: intrapartum consensus guideline. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2020;42(3):316348.e9. [Correction in J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2021 Sep;43(9):1118]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harvey, MA, Pierce, M, Alter, JE, et al. Obstetrical anal sphincter injuries (OASIS): prevention, recognition, and repair. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2015;37(12):11311148. [Correction in J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2016 Apr;38(4):421]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hobson, S, Cassell, K, Windrim, R, et al. No. 381 – assisted vaginal birth. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2019;41(6):870882.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ghi, T, Eggebø, T, Lees, C, et al. ISUOG practice guidelines: intrapartum ultrasound. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2018;52(1):128139.Google Scholar
Lee, L, Dy, J, Azzam, H. Management of spontaneous labour at term in healthy women. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2016;38(9):843865.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lewis, D, Downe, S, FIGO Intrapartum Fetal Monitoring Expert Consensus Panel. FIGO consensus guidelines on intrapartum fetal monitoring: Intermittent auscultation. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2015;131(1):912.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Money, D, Allen, VM. No. 298 – The prevention of early-onset neonatal group B streptococcal disease. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2018;40(8):e665e674.Google Scholar
Murphy, DJ, Strachan, BK, Bahl, R. Assisted vaginal birth. BJOG 2020;127:e70e112.Google Scholar
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Intrapartum care for healthy women and babies; updated Feb 2017. Available at www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg190/. Accessed September 13, 2021.Google Scholar
Prevention of group B Streptococcal early-onset disease in newborns: ACOG Committee Opinion, No. 797. Obstet Gynecol. 2020;135(2):e51e72. [Correction in Obstet Gynecol. 2020 Apr;135(4):978–979]Google Scholar
Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. The management of third-and-fourth degree perineal tears. Green-Top Guideline No. 29; June 2015. Available at www.rcog.org.uk/globalassets/documents/guidelines/gtg-29.pdf. Accessed September 13, 2021.Google Scholar
Tempest, N, Navaratnam, K, Hapangama, D. Management of delivery when malposition of the fetal head complicates the second stage of labour. Obstetrician and Gynaecologist 2015;17:273280.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsakiridis, I, Mamopoulos, A, Athanasiadis, A, et al. Obstetric anal sphincter injuries at vaginal delivery: a review of recently published national guidelines. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2018;73(12):695702.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Visser, GH, Ayres-de-Campos, D, FIGO Intrapartum Fetal Monitoring Expert Consensus Panel. FIGO consensus guidelines on intrapartum fetal monitoring: Adjunctive technologies. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2015;131(1):2529.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Suggested Readings

(a)ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 107: Induction of labor. Obstet Gynecol. 2009;114(2 Pt 1):386–397.Google Scholar
ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 146: Management of late-term and postterm pregnancies. Obstet Gynecol. 2014;124(2 Pt 1):390–396.Google Scholar
(a)Berghella, V, Di Mascio, D. Evidence-based labor management: before labor (Part 1). Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM. 2020;2(1):100080.Google Scholar
Berghella, V, Bellussi, F, Schoen CN. Evidence-based labor management: induction of labor (Part 2). Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM. 2020;2(3):100136.Google Scholar
(a)Alfirevic, Z, Gyte, GM, Nogueira Pileggi, V, et al. Home versus inpatient induction of labour for improving birth outcomes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020;8(8):CD007372.Google ScholarPubMed
Boie, S, Glavind, J, Velu, AV, et al. Discontinuation of intravenous oxytocin in the active phase of induced labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;8(8):CD012274.Google Scholar
(c)Finucane, EM, Murphy, DJ, Biesty, LM, et al. Membrane sweeping for induction of labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020;2(2):CD000451.Google ScholarPubMed
Kerr, RS, Kumar, N, Williams, MJ, et al. Low-dose oral misoprostol for induction of labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;6(6):CD014484.Google Scholar
Middleton, P, Shepherd, E, Morris, J, et al. Induction of labour at or beyond 37 weeks’ gestation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020;7(7):CD004945.Google Scholar
Smith, CA, Armour, M, Dahlen, HG. Acupuncture or acupressure for induction of labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;10(10):CD002962.Google Scholar
Grobman, WA, Caughey, AB. Elective induction of labor at 39 weeks compared with expectant management: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019;221(4):304310.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grobman, WA, Rice, MM, Reddy, UM, et al. Labor induction versus expectant management in low-risk nulliparous women. N Engl J Med 2018; 379:513523.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(a)National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Inducing labour. Draft guideline May 2021, update of CG70, 2008.Google Scholar
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Insertion of a double balloon catheter for induction of labour in pregnant women without previous caesarean section (IPG528). July 2015.Google Scholar
Leduc, D, Biringer, A, Lee, L, et al. Clinical Practice Obstetrics Committee; Special Contributors. Induction of labour. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2013;35(9):840857.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
SMFM statement on elective induction of labor in low-risk nulliparous women at term: the ARRIVE trial. July 2019. Available at www.smfm.org/publications/258-smfm-statement-elective-induction-of-labor-in-low-risk-nulliparous-women-at-term-the-arrive-trial. Accessed June 5, 2021.Google Scholar
WHO recommendations: induction of labour at or beyond term. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018.Google Scholar

Suggested Readings

ACOG Committee Opinion No. 761: Cesarean delivery on maternal request. Obstet Gynecol. 2019;133(1):e73e77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alsayegh, E, Bos, H, Campbell, K, et al. No. 361 – Caesarean delivery on maternal request. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2018;40(7):967971.Google Scholar
(a)D’Souza, R, Arulkumaran, S. To ‘C’ or not to ‘C’? Caesarean delivery upon maternal request: a review of facts, figures and guidelines. J Perinat Med. 2013;41(1):515.Google Scholar
(b)D’Souza, R. Caesarean section on maternal request for non-medical reasons: putting the UK National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence guidelines in perspective. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2013;27(2):165177. [documents (a) and (b) are similar]Google Scholar
FIGO Ethics and Professionalism Guideline: decision making about vaginal and caesarean delivery. June 26, 2020. Available at www.figo.org/decision-making-about-vaginal-and-caesarean-delivery. Accessed April 18, 2021.Google Scholar
National Institutes of Health state-of-the-science conference statement: Cesarean delivery on maternal request March 27–29, 2006. Obstet Gynecol. 2006;107(6):13861397.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE guideline No. 192). Caesarean birth. March 31, 2021. Available at www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng192. Accessed April 3, 2021.Google Scholar
O’Donovan, C, O’Donovan, J. Why do women request an elective cesarean delivery for non-medical reasons? A systematic review of the qualitative literature. Birth. 2018;45(2):109119.Google Scholar
Opiyo, N, Kingdon, C, Oladapo, OT, et al. Non-clinical interventions to reduce unnecessary caesarean sections: WHO recommendations. Bull World Health Organ. 2020;98(1):6668.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Richens, Y, Smith, DM, Lavender, DT. Fear of birth in clinical practice: A structured review of current measurement tools. Sex Reprod Healthc. 2018;16:98112. [Correction in Sex Reprod Healthc. 2019 Oct;21:108]Google Scholar
Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RANZCOG). Cesarean delivery on maternal request (C-Obs 39); July 2017. Available at https://ranzcog.edu.au/statements-guidelines. Accessed April 18, 2021.Google Scholar

Suggested Readings

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists’ Committee on Practice Bulletins – Obstetrics. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 205: Vaginal birth after Cesarean delivery. Obstet Gynecol. 2019;133(2):e110e127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Di Spiezio Sardo, A, Saccone, G, McCurdy, R, et al. Risk of Cesarean scar defect following single- vs double-layer uterine closure: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2017;50(5):578583.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dodd, JM, Crowther, CA, Grivell, RM, et al. Elective repeat caesarean section versus induction of labour for women with a previous caesarean birth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;7(7):CD004906.Google ScholarPubMed
Dy, J, DeMeester, S, Lipworth, H, et al. No. 382 – trial of labour after Caesarean. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2019;41(7):9921011. [Corrections in J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2019 Sep;41(9):1395; J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2020 Nov;42(11):1452]Google Scholar
Fox, NS. Pregnancy outcomes in patients with prior uterine rupture or dehiscence: a 5-year update. Obstet Gynecol. 2020;135(1):211212.Google Scholar
Landon, MB, Grobman, WA; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal–Fetal Medicine Units Network. What we have learned about trial of labor after Cesarean delivery from the Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Cesarean Registry. Semin Perinatol. 2016;40(5):281286.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG). Birth after previous Caesarean birth. Green-Top Guideline No. 45. London: RCOG; October 2015.Google Scholar
Swift, BE, Shah, PS, Farine, D. Sonographic lower uterine segment thickness after prior cesarean section to predict uterine rupture: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2019;98(7):830841.Google Scholar
Tanos, V, Toney, ZA. Uterine scar rupture – prediction, prevention, diagnosis, and management. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2019; 59:115131.Google Scholar
Tsakiridis, I, Mamopoulos, A, Athanasiadis, A, et al. Vaginal birth after previous Cesarean birth: a comparison of 3 national guidelines. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2018;73(9):537543.Google Scholar

Suggested Readings

Chauhan, SP, Gherman, R, Hendrix, NW, et al. Shoulder dystocia: comparison of the ACOG practice bulletin with another national guideline. Am J Perinatol. 2010;27(2):129136.Google Scholar
Gilstrop, M, Hoffman, MK. An update on the acute management of shoulder dystocia. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2016;59(4):813819.Google Scholar
Gurewitsch Allen, ED. Recurrent shoulder dystocia: risk factors and counseling. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2016;59(4):803812.Google Scholar
Moni, S, Lee, C, Goffman, D. Shoulder dystocia: quality, safety, and risk management considerations. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2016;59(4):841852.Google Scholar
Practice Bulletin No 178: shoulder dystocia. Obstet Gynecol. 2017;129(5):e123e133.Google Scholar
Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Shoulder dystocia. Green-Top Guideline No. 42, 2012. 2nd ed. Available at www.rcog.org.uk/en/guidelines-research-services/guidelines/gtg42/. Accessed March 5, 2021.Google Scholar
Macrosomia: ACOG Practice Bulletin, No. 216. Obstet Gynecol. 2020;135(1):e18e35.Google Scholar
Menticoglou, S. Shoulder dystocia: incidence, mechanisms, and management strategies. Int J Women’s Health. 2018;10:723732.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ouzounian, JG. Shoulder dystocia: incidence and risk factors. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2016;59(4):791794.Google Scholar
Sentilhes, L, Sénat, MV, Boulogne, AI, et al. Shoulder dystocia: guidelines for clinical practice from the French College of Gynecologists and Obstetricians (CNGOF). Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2016;203:156161.Google Scholar

Suggested Readings

ACOG Committee Opinion No. 745: Mode of term singleton breech delivery. Obstet Gynecol. 2018;132(2):e60e63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carbillon, L, Benbara, A, Tigaizin, A, et al. Revisiting the management of term breech presentation: a proposal for overcoming some of the controversies. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020;20(1):263.Google Scholar
External cephalic version: ACOG Practice Bulletin, No. 221. Obstet Gynecol. 2020;135(5):e203e212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Homafar, M, Gerard, J, Turrentine, M. Vaginal delivery after external cephalic version in patients with a previous Cesarean delivery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol. 2020;136(5):965971.Google Scholar
Impey, LWM, Murphy, DJ, Griffiths, M, et al. External cephalic version and reducing the incidence of term breech presentation. Green-Top Guideline No. 20a. BJOG 2017; 124(07):e178e192.Google Scholar
Impey, LWM, Murphy, DJ, Griffiths, M, et al. Management of breech presentation: Green-Top Guideline No. 20b. BJOG 2017;124(07):e151–177.Google Scholar
Kotaska, A, Menticoglou, S. No. 384 – management of breech presentation at term. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2019;41(8):11931205.Google Scholar
Magro-Malosso, ER, Saccone, G, Di Tommaso, M, et al. Neuraxial analgesia to increase the success rate of external cephalic version: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;215(3):276286. [Correction in Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017 Mar;216(3):315]Google Scholar
Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Management of breech presentation at term. Available at https://ranzcog.edu.au/. Accessed March 6, 2021.Google Scholar
Tsakiridis, I, Mamopoulos, A, Athanasiadis, A, et al. Management of breech presentation: a comparison of four national evidence-based guidelines. Am J Perinatol. 2020;37(11):11021109.Google Scholar

Suggested Readings

Chu, J, Johnston, TA, Geoghegan, J. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Maternal collapse in pregnancy and the puerperium: Green-Top Guideline No. 56. BJOG. 2020;127(5):e14e52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clark, SL, Romero, R, Dildy, GA, et al. Proposed diagnostic criteria for the case definition of amniotic fluid embolism in research studies. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016 Oct;215(4):408412.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lipman, S, Cohen, S, Einav, S, et al. The Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology consensus statement on the management of cardiac arrest in pregnancy. Anesth Analg. 2014 May;118(5):10031016.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pacheco, LD, Clark, SL, Klassen, M, et al. Amniotic fluid embolism: principles of early clinical management. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020 Jan;222(1):4852.Google Scholar
Pacheco, LD, Saade, GR, Costantine, MM, et al. An update on the use of massive transfusion protocols in obstetrics. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016 Mar;214(3):340344. [Erratum in Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017 Jan;216(1):76]Google Scholar
Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) Green-Top Guideline No. 47: Blood transfusion in obstetrics, May 2015. Available at www.rcog.org.uk/en/guidelines-research-services/guidelines/gtg47/. Accessed November 22, 2020.Google Scholar
Shamshirsaz, AA, Clark, SL. Amniotic fluid embolism. Obstet Gynecol Clin N Am. 2016; 43:779790.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM) Clinical Guideline No. 9, with the assistance of Pacheco, LD, Saade, G, Hankins, GD, et al. Amniotic fluid embolism: diagnosis and management. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016 Aug;215(2):B16–24.Google Scholar
Sultan, P, Seligman, K, Carvalho, B. Amniotic fluid embolism: update and review. Curr Opin Anesthesiol. 2016; 29:288296.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wada, H, Matsumoto, T, Yamashita, Y. Diagnosis and treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) according to four DIC guidelines. J Intensive Care 2014; 2(15):18.Google Scholar

Suggested Readings

(a)ACOG: Committee on Practice Bulletins-Obstetrics. Practice Bulletin No. 183: Postpartum hemorrhage. Obstet Gynecol. 2017;130(4):e168e186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ACOG: Quantitative blood loss in obstetric hemorrhage: ACOG Committee Opinion No. 794. Obstet Gynecol. 2019;134(6):e150e156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bienstock, JL, Eke, AC, Hueppchen, NA. Postpartum hemorrhage. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(17):16351645.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(a)Begley, CM, Gyte, GM, Devane, D, et al. Active versus expectant management for women in the third stage of labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;2(2):CD007412.Google Scholar
Diaz, V, Abalos, E, Carroli, G. Methods for blood loss estimation after vaginal birth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;9(9):CD010980.Google ScholarPubMed
Gallos, ID, Papadopoulou, A, Man, R, et al. Uterotonic agents for preventing postpartum haemorrhage: a network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;12(12):CD011689.Google ScholarPubMed
(d)Hofmeyr, GJ, Mshweshwe, NT, Gülmezoglu, AM. Controlled cord traction for the third stage of labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;1(1):CD008020.Google Scholar
Parry Smith, WR, Papadopoulou, A, Thomas, E, et al. Uterotonic agents for first-line treatment of postpartum haemorrhage: a network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020;11(11):CD012754.Google Scholar
Kumar, N, Jahanfar, S, Haas, DM, et al. Umbilical vein injection for management of retained placenta. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;3(3):CD001337.Google ScholarPubMed
Soltani, H, Hutchon, DR, Poulose, TA. Timing of prophylactic uterotonics for the third stage of labour after vaginal birth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;(8):CD006173.Google Scholar
Shakur, H, Beaumont, D, Pavord, S, et al. Antifibrinolytic drugs for treating primary postpartum haemorrhage. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;2(2):CD012964.Google Scholar
(a)FIGO Guidelines. Safe Motherhood and Newborn Health Committee; International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Non-pneumatic anti-shock garment to stabilize women with hypovolemic shock secondary to obstetric hemorrhage. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2015;128(3):194195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
FIGO: Morris, JL, Winikoff, B, Dabash, R, et al. FIGO’s updated recommendations for misoprostol used alone in gynecology and obstetrics. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2017;138(3):363366.Google Scholar
Gerdessen, L, Meybohm, P, Choorapoikayil, S, et al. Comparison of common perioperative blood loss estimation techniques: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Monit Comput. 2021;35(2):245258.Google Scholar
Leduc, D, Senikas, V, Lalonde, AB. No. 235 – active management of the third stage of labour: prevention and treatment of postpartum hemorrhage. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2018;40(12):e841e855.Google Scholar
Matsubara, S, Yano, H, Ohkuchi, A, et al. Uterine compression sutures for postpartum hemorrhage: an overview. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2013;92(4):378385.Google Scholar
Mavrides, E, Allard, S, Chandraharan, E, et al. Prevention and management of postpartum haemorrhage. Green-Top Guideline No. 52. BJOG 2016;124:e106e149.Google Scholar
Muñoz, M, Stensballe, J, Ducloy-Bouthors, AS, et al. Patient blood management in obstetrics: prevention and treatment of postpartum haemorrhage. A NATA consensus statement. Blood Transfus. 2019;17(2):112136.Google Scholar
Pacheco, LD, Saade, GR, Hankins, GDV. Medical management of postpartum hemorrhage: An update. Semin Perinatol. 2019;43(1):2226.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sentilhes, L, Goffinet, F, Vayssière, C, et al. Comparison of postpartum haemorrhage guidelines: discrepancies underline our lack of knowledge. BJOG. 2017;124(5):718722.Google Scholar
Queensland Clinical Guidelines. Postpartum haemorrhage. Guideline No. MN18.1-V9-R23 Queensland Health. 2020. Available at www.health.qld.gov.au/qcg. Accessed June 17, 2021.Google Scholar
Weeks, AD, Fawcus, S. Management of the third stage of labour: (for the Optimal Intrapartum Care series edited by Mercedes Bonet, Femi Oladapo and Metin Gülmezoglu). Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2020;67:6579.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wendel, MP, Shnaekel, KL, Magann, EF. Uterine inversion: a review of a life-threatening obstetrical emergency. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2018;73(7):411417.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(a)WHO Recommendations: Tang, J, Kapp, N, Dragoman, M, et al. WHO recommendations for misoprostol use for obstetric and gynecologic indications. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2013;121(2):186189.Google Scholar
WHO Recommendation on Tranexamic Acid for the Treatment of Postpartum Haemorrhage. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017.Google Scholar
(c)WHO Recommendation on Uterine Balloon Tamponade for the Treatment of Postpartum Haemorrhage. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021.Google Scholar
WHO Recommendations: Uterotonics for the Prevention of Postpartum Haemorrhage. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • Labor and Delivery
  • Edited by Amira El-Messidi, McGill University, Montréal, Alan D. Cameron, University of Glasgow
  • Book: OSCEs in Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Online publication: 23 February 2023
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108975780.017
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • Labor and Delivery
  • Edited by Amira El-Messidi, McGill University, Montréal, Alan D. Cameron, University of Glasgow
  • Book: OSCEs in Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Online publication: 23 February 2023
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108975780.017
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Labor and Delivery
  • Edited by Amira El-Messidi, McGill University, Montréal, Alan D. Cameron, University of Glasgow
  • Book: OSCEs in Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Online publication: 23 February 2023
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108975780.017
Available formats
×