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Part 1 - Rules, Sanctions, Membership

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 July 2019

Edited by
Göran Ahrne  and
Nils Brunsson
Göran Ahrne
Affiliation:
Uppsala Universitet, Sweden
Nils Brunsson
Affiliation:
Uppsala Universitet, Sweden
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Summary

In this chapter we discuss standards as forms of partial organization. Standards are defined as decided rules for common and voluntary use. Taking the example of CSR and corporate governance standards, we show that the degree of partiality of standards can vary widely – ranging from a single element of organization, i.e. decided rules, to all five elements of organization, i.e. decided rules, hierarchies, membership, monitoring and sanctioning. We demonstrate that in some cases partiality is the result of restrictions in the design of standards, while in other cases it is the result of an explicit choice. We also demonstrate that the degree of partiality of standards can change over time, as there are often pressures for standards to adopt additional organizational elements. Furthermore, we discuss the dispersed nature of many standards, showing how different actors often provide different organizational elements of standards without any central coordination. We close with an outline of an agenda for future research.

Keywords

standardsstandardizationCSRcorporate governancesoft lawregulationprizesdecisionsapproval proceduresstatussanctioningmembershiprulescommunicationmembershipcontributorshippartial organizationNiklas Luhmannorganization theoryorganizational decision makingorganizational boundariesCCO
Type
Chapter
Information
Organization outside Organizations
The Abundance of Partial Organization in Social Life
 , pp. 37 - 112
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2019

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References

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