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Chapter 7 - Placental Abnormalities

from Part I - ANTEPARTUM

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 May 2010

John Patrick O'Grady ,
Martin L. Gimovsky ,
Lucy A. Bayer-Zwirello  and
Kevin Giordano
By
Karen W. Green  and
Matthew A. Esposito
John Patrick O'Grady
Affiliation:
Tufts University, Massachusetts
Karen W. Green
Affiliation:
Associate Professor Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center Worcester, Massachusetts
Matthew A. Esposito
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Massachusetts Medical Center Worcester, Massachusetts
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Summary

Obstetric complications secondary to placental dysfunction can occur at any point in gestation. Improvements in perinatal diagnostic techniques such as focused ultrasound studies of fetal growth, placental blood flow, and fetal/placental anatomy now permit the identification of certain complications related to poor implantation or abnormal early development that can be linked to placental function. Confusion caused by the potential overlap in history and physical findings with the various placental abnormalities has led physicians in recent years to rely heavily on ultrasound scanning to help in identifying the cause of ante- and intrapartum hemorrhage. With the known association of placenta previa and prior cesarean delivery with placenta accreta, and an ever-increasing rate of cesarean delivery, there has been a recent focus on identifying ultrasound findings predictive of abnormal placenta adherence. Placental abnormalities can lead to maternal adverse outcomes such as hemorrhage requiring transfusion, more extensive surgery, emotional consequences, and even death.

Keywords

cesarean deliveryhemorrhageobstetric complicationsplacental abnormalitiesultrasound scanningplacental functionplacenta accretaplacenta previa
Type
Chapter
Information
Operative Obstetrics , pp. 145 - 175
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2008

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