Miller v. Albany Medical Center Hosp., 95 A. D.2d 977 (1983).

Findlay v. Board of Supervisors 230 P2d 526 (1951).

Childs v. Weiss 440 S. W.2d at 106, 107.

Ibid. at 106–107.

Ibid. at 106.

Sullenger v. Setco Northwest, 702 P.2d 1139 (Or.Ct.App.1985).

Oliver v. Brock, 342 So.2d 1 (Ala.1977).

342 So.2d at 4.

Hill by Burston v. Kokosky, 463 N. W.2d 265 (1990), ibid. at 268.

Dunn, JD, Practice with co-providers. In Legal Medicine: Legal Dynamics of Medical Encounters ed 2. St. Louis, Mosby, 199l; pp 434, 438.Google Scholar

Wheeler v. Yettie Kersting Memorial Hospital, 866 S. W.2d 32 (Tex. Ct. App. 1993).

See ibid. at 39–40; Cintron v. New York Medical College Flower and Fifth Ave. Hosps., 193 A. D.2d 551 (1st Dept 1993).

Hill by Burston, supra at 267.

Gilinsky v. Indelicato, D. C., 894 F.Supp. 86 (1995).

McCullough v. Hutzel Hosp., 88 Mich. App. 235 (1979).

Maxwell v. Cole, 482 N. Y. S.2d 1000 (Sup. Ct. 1984).

Moeller v. Hauser, 54 N. W.2d 639 (1952).

McCullough v. Hutzel Hosp., 276 N. W.2d 569 (1979).

Ibid. at 571.

Mozingo v. Pitt Cty. Mem. Hosp., 415 S. E.2d 341 (1992).

Silva v. Providence Hosp., 97 P.2d 798, 804 (Cal. 1939).

Hurley v. Eddingfield, 59 N. E. 1058, 1058 (Ind. 1901).

Prosser, WL, Handbook of the Law of Torts § 56, ed 4. West Publishing Co., 1971: pp. 341–342.Google Scholar

Malloy, supra, 232 P.2d at 247; cf. United States v. DeVane, 306 F.2d 182, 186 (5th Cir. 1962).

Frank, B. Mapel III & Charles, J. Weigel II, Good Samaritan laws – who needs them? The current state of Good Samaritan protection in the United States, 21 S. Tex. L. Rev. 327, 330 (1981).Google Scholar

Colby v. Schwartz, 78 Cal App.3d 885 (Cal Ct. App. 1978).

Velazquez v. Jiminez 169 N. J. 604 (2001).

Restatement (Second) of Torts, Division Two, Ch. 12, Topic 4, Scope Note, at 65–66 (1965).

Dawson v. Bunker Hill Plaza Assocs., 289 N. J. Super. 309, 327 (App. Div. 1996).

O'Neill v. Suburban Terrace Apartments, Inc., 110 N. J. Super. 541, 545 (App. Div. 1970).

Shilkret v. Annapolis Emergency Hosp. Ass'n, 349 A.2d. 245 (Md. 1975).

Lenger v. Physican's Gen. Hosp., 455 S. W.2d 703, 707 (Tex. 1970).

Hicks v. United States 368 F.2d 626 (4th Circ. 1996).

Krishnan v. Ramirez, 42 S. W.3d 212 (Tex. App. 2001).

Connellan v. Coffey, 187 A.2d 901 (1936).

Gooding v. University Hospital Building, Inc., supra.

Cooper v. Sisters of Charity of Cincinnati, Inc., supra.

Callahan v. Cardinal Glennon Hospital 863 S. W.852 (1993).

Prosser, WL, Handbook of the Law of Torts § 43, ed 4. West Publishing Co., 1971; p. 291.Google Scholar

``Proving Causation in “Loss of a Chance” Cases: A Proportional Approach,” 34 Cath. U. L. Rev. 747 (1985).

Ibid. at 749.

Herkovits v. Group Health Co-Op, 664 P.2d 474 (1983).

Recovery for Loss of Chance in a Wrongful Death Action – Herkovits v. Group Health, 99 Wash. 2d 609, 664 P.2d 474 (1983), 59 Wash. L. Rev. 981 (1984).

Delaney v. Cade, supra, 255 Kan. 211–12.

Brown v. Koulizakis, 331 S. E.2d 440 (1985).

McKellips v. Saint Francis Hospital, Inc., 741 P.2d 467 (Okla. 1987).

Zilich, GJ, Cutting through the confusion of the loss-of-chance doctrine under Ohio law: A new cause of action or a new standard of causation?50 Clev. St. L. Rev. 673 (2002–2003).Google Scholar

J. King, 90 Yale L. J., supra, p. 1354.

34 Cath. U. L. Rev., supra, pp. 766–67.

Kirby v. Spivey, 307 S. E.2d 538 (1983)

LaBieniec v. Baker, 526 A.2d 1341 (1987).

Deutsch v. Shein, 597 S. W.2d 141 (Ky. 1980; adopting the substantial factor test of Restatement (Second) of Torts § 431).

Pathways, Inc. v. Hammons, 113 S. W.3d 85 (Ky. 2003).

Bailey v. North American Refractories Co., 95 S. W.3d 868 (Ky. App. 2001).

Restatement (Second) of Torts § 431.

Walden v. Jones, 439 S. W.2d 571 (Ky. 1968).

61 Am. Jur. 2d Physicians, Surgeons, and Other Healers § 332 (2002).

Miller v. Paulson, 646 N. E.2d 521 (1994).

Dalebout v. Union Pac. R. R. Co., 980 P.2d 1194 (Utah Ct. App. 1999).

Fid. & Guaranty Ins. Underwriters, Inc. v. Gary Douglas Elec., Inc., 357 N. E.2d 388 (1974).

Nichols SM, Jorgenson v. Vener: The South Dakota Supreme Court declares loss-of-chance doctrine as part of our common law in medical malpractice torts, 46 S. D. L. Rev. 618 (2000–2001).

Dingle v. Belin, 749 A.2d 157 (2000).

Rizzo v. Schiller, 445 S. E.2d 153, 155 (1994).

Moates v. Hyslop, 480 S. E.2d 109, 111 (1997).

Rizzo v. Schiller, 445 S. E.2d 153,154 (1994).

Bly v. Rhoads, 216 Va. 645, 650–51, 222 S. E.2d 783, 787 (1976).

Canterbury v. Spence, 464 F.2d 772 (1972).

Ibid. at 787.

Precourt v. Frederick, 481 N. E.2d 1144, 1149 (Mass. 1985) (quoting LaCaze v. Collier, 434 So.2d 1039, 1046 (La. 1983)).

Ibid. at 243 (quoting Wilkinson v. Vesey, 295 A.2d 676 (R. I. 1972)).

Harrison v. United States 284 F.3d 293 (2003).

Banaghan v. Dewey, 340 Mass. 73, 79 (1959).

Dodge v. Sawyer, 288 Mass. 402 (1934).

Nass v. Duxbury, 327 Mass. 396 (1951).

Phillips v. Deihm, 541 NW2d 566 (1995).

United States v. Alzanki, 54 F.3d 994, 1005 (1st Cir. 1995).

United States v. Sepulveda, 15 F.3d 1161, 1183 (1st Cir. 1993).

Mitchell v. United States, 141 F.3d 8, 15 (1st Cir. 1998).

Payton v. Abbott Labs, 780 F.2d 147, 155 (1st Cir. 1985).

Sheely v. Memorial Hospital 710 A.2d 161 (1998)

Lake v. Clark, 450 So.2d 488 (Fla. 1983).

Lake v. Clark, 533 So.2d 797 (Fla. 5th DCA), review.

Fed. R. Evid. 702.

Ariz.R.Evid. 803(18) (1991).

Ark.R.Evid. 803(18) (1991).

Colo.R.Evid. 803(18) (1992).

Del.Unif.R.Evid. 803(18) (1991).

Hawaii R.Evid. 803(b)(18) (1991).

Idaho R.Evid. 803(18) (1991).

Iowa R.Evid. 803(18) (1991).

Kan.Stat.Ann. § 60–460(cc) (1991).

Ky.Rev.Stat.Ann. § 422A.0803(18) (1991).

La.Code Evid.Ann. art. 803(18) (1991).

Me.R.Evid. 803(18) (1991).

Minn.R.Evid. 803(18) (1992).

Mont.R.Evid. 803(18) (1991).

Nev. Rev.Stat.Ann. § 51.255 (Michie 1991).

N. H. R.Evid. 803(18) (1991).

N. M. R.Evid. 11–803 R (1991).

N. C.Gen.Stat. § 8C-1, Rule 803(18) (1991).

Okla.Stat.Ann. tit. 12, § 2803(18) (West 1991).

S. D.Codified Laws Ann. § 19-16-22 (1991).

Tex.R.Civ.Evid. 803(18) (1991).

Utah R.Evid. 803(18) (1991).

Vt.R.Evid. 803(18) (1991).

Wash.R.Evid. 803(a)(18) (1991).

W.Va.R.Evid. 803(18) (1991).

Wis.Stat.Ann. § 908.03(18) (West 1991).

Cross v. Huttenlocher, 185 Conn. 390, 440 A.2d 952, 955–56 (1981).

Fed. R.Evid. 803(18).

Swank v. Halivopoulos, 260 A.2d 240 (App. Div. 1969).

Gridley v. Johnson, 476 S. W.2d 475 (Mo. 1972).

Darling v. Charleston Community Memorial Hosp., 211 N. E.2d 253, 259 (Ill. 1966).

Jacober by Jacober v. St. Peter's Med. Ctr., 608 A.2d 304 (1992).

Darling v. Charleston County Mem'l Hospital 211 N. E.2d 253 (Ill. 1965)

Jones v. Bloom, 388 Mich. 98, 200 N. W. 2d 196 (1972).

Iverson v. Lancaster, 158 N. W.2d 507, 517–18 (N. D. 1968).

Dabroe v. Rhodes Co., 392 P.2d 317, 321–23 (1964).

Thornton v. CAMC, 305 S. E.2d 316, 321–23 (W.Va. 1983).

FRE 803 (18).

Schneider v. Revici, 817 F.2d 987 (2d Cir.1987).

Tart v. McGann, 697 F.2d 75, 78 (2nd Cir.1982).

Hemingway v. Ochsner Clinic, 608 F.2d 1040, 1047 (5th Cir.1979).

Meschino v. North Am. Drager, Inc., 841 F.2d 429, 434 (1st Cir. 1988).

Kilpatrick v. Wolfond, 704 So. 2d 708 (1998).

Strickler J. EMTALA: The basics. JONAS Health Law Ethics Regul. 2006 Jul–Sept; 8(3):77–81.

42 U. S. C. § 1395dd(a).

Vickers v. Nash Gen. Hosp., Inc., 78 F.3d 139, 142 (4th Cir. 1996).

Baber v. Hospital Corp. of America, 977 F.2d 8721, 880 (4th Cir. 1992).

42 U. S. C. § 1395dd(a), (e) (3) (B).

C. M. v. Tomball Reg'l Hosp., 961 S. W.2d 236, 240 (Tex. App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 1997).

Repp v. Anadarko Mun. Hosp. 43 F.3d 529 (10th Cir. 1994)

Marshall v. East Carroll Parish Hospital, 134 F.3d 319,322 (5th Cir. 1998).

United States v. Rush Foundation Hospital: U. S. Dept. Health Hum. Services: No. CR 832 (2001).

Jackson v. East Bay Hosp., 246 F.3d 1248 (9th Cir).

Eberhardt v. City of Los Angeles, 62 F.3d 1253, 1255 (9th Cir. 1995).

Urban v. King, 43 F.3d 523 (1994).

Burditt v. United States, 934 F.2d 1362 (1991).

Frye v. United States 293 F. 1013 (D. C. Cir. 1923).

Roe v. Wade 410 U. S. 113 (1973).

Planned Parenthood v. Casey 505 U. S. 833 (1992).

Maher v. Roe 432 U. S. 464 (1977).

Harris v. McRae 448 U. S. 297 (1980).

Stenberg v. Carhart 530 U. S. 914 (2000).

Griswold v. Connecticut 381U. S. 479

Greco v. U. S. 893. P2d 345 (1995).

Becker v. Schwartz 46 NY 2d 401 (1978).

Reed v. Compagnolo 332 Md. 226 (1993).

Siemieniec v. Lutheran General Hospital 117 Ill. 2d 230 (1987).

Gallagher v. Duke University Hospital 638 F.Supp 979 (M. D. N. C. 1986).