Chapter 1 presents the main mission of the book: that of scrutinizing the EU’s new legal instruments aimed at strengthening the enforcement of EU’s trade rights and ensuring a level playing field for domestic and foreign undertakings in light of EU’s international commitments and its multilateralist stance, but also against relevant constitutional constraints. It introduces the reader to the EU’s most recent Trade Policy Review and the tensions that it might trigger with external and internal legal limits. It also sets what led the EU to the adoption of this new trade policy, explaining the roots, causes, and the context for the new more robust approach. The chapter also informs about the doctrinal legal methodology, explaining the main rules of interpretation of international and EU law used throughout the book. Finally, the Introduction presents the structure of the book and provides a brief overview of the following chapters.