This chapter has three parts. In the first, the author concentrates on the deaf bilingual and explains what it means to be bilingual in sign language and the spoken (majority) language. Similarities with hearing bilinguals as well as differences are discussed. In the second part, he examines the biculturalism of deaf people: like hearing biculturals, they take part, to varying degrees, in the life of two worlds (the deaf world and the hearing world), they adapt, in part, their attitudes, behaviors, values, languages, and so onto both worlds, and they combine and blend aspects of the two. He also discusses cultural identity among deaf and hard-of-hearing persons. And in the third part, the author considers the deaf child and why it is so important for him/her to be able to grow up bilingual in sign language and the spoken language. He points to the role of both languages and argues that pursuing solely an auditory/oral approach puts the child at risk cognitively, linguistically, and personally. He ends by examining the reactions his writings have had on the field, and concludes with a few final remarks.