Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T21:11:04.532Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

8 - Design, modeling, and linearization of mixers, modulators, and demodulators

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2011

Patrick Roblin
Patrick Roblin
Affiliation:
Ohio State University
Get access

Summary

This chapter is concerned with the system design, behavioral modeling, experimental characterization, balancing, and linearization of I–Q modulators and mixers. The K-parameters are first introduced for the purpose of linear modeling and balancing. The extraction of the K-matrix from LSNA measurements and a modulator–demodulator chain is discussed. The polyphase up-converter topology which permits the realization of linear single-sideband mixers is introduced next. The nonlinear modeling of the single-sideband mixer is then discussed. Finally the linearization of single-sideband mixers using the poly-harmonic predistortion technique is presented. These techniques offer some interesting options for the filterless implementation of wideband software-defined radio (SDR).

Vector characterization of an I–Q modulator

Balancing of an I–Q modulator

The balancing of I–Q modulators and demodulators is of critical importance in wireless systems, especially for modern multi-carrier techniques (OFDM) employing higher-order modulations such as QAM-64. This problem has been approached from the receiver side using adaptive equalization techniques using known preambles [1] [2]. Balancing is also of importance in multi-band predistortion linearization of the transmitter power amplifiers. As we shall see in Chapter 9 when introducing a frequency-selective predistortion linearization algorithm that differentially linearizes the signal in different bands [3], a balanced modulator is required in order for this linearization scheme to be effective.

An effective technique has been developed for balancing modulators [4]. This approach relies on the initial K-matrix modeling of I–Q modulators [5].

Type
Chapter
Information
Nonlinear RF Circuits and Nonlinear Vector Network Analyzers
Interactive Measurement and Design Techniques
 , pp. 237 - 261
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

[1] Jian, Lin and E., Tsui, “Joint adaptive transmitter/receiver IQ imbalance correction for OFDM systems,” in IEEE International Symposium on PIMRC, Vol. 2, pp. 1511–1516, 2004.Google Scholar
[2] Kuang-Hao, Lin, Hsin-Lei, Lin, Shih-Ming, Wang, and Chang, R. C., “Implementation of digital IQ imbalance compensation in OFDM WLAN receivers,” in IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2006.Google Scholar
[3] P., Roblin, Sukkeun, Myoung, D., Chaillot, Young Gi, Kim, A., Fathimulla, J., Strahler, and S., Bibyk, “Frequency selective predistortion linearization of RF power amplifiers,” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 56, No. 1, pp. 65–76, Jan. 2008.Google Scholar
[4] Behzad, Razavi, RF Microelectronics, Prentice Hall, 1998.Google Scholar
[5] L., Moult and J. E., Chen, “The K-model: RFIC modeling for communication systems simulation,” in IEE Colloquium on Analog Signal Processing, pp. 11/1–11/8, 1998.Google Scholar
[6] W. V., Moer and Y., Rolain, “Determining the reciprocity of mixers through 3-port large signal network analyzer measurement”, in 62nd ARFTG Conference Digest, pp. 165–170, 2003.Google Scholar
[7] S. K., Myoung, X., Cui, P., Roblin, D., Chaillot, F., Verbeyst, M., Vanden Bossche, S. J., Doo, and W., Dai, “Large signal network analyzer with trigger for baseband modulation linearization,” in 64th ARFTG Conference Digest, Orlando, FL, 2004.Google Scholar
[8] S., Mutha, P., Roblin, D., Chaillot, X., Yang, K., Jiwoo, J., Strahler, R., Rojas-Tehra, and J., Volakis, “Technique for joint balancing of IQ modulator–demodulator chains in wireless transmitters,” in 2009 Microwave Symposium Digest, pp. 221–224, 2009.Google Scholar
[9] E., Mensink, E. A. M., Klumperink, and B., Nauta, “Distortion cancellation by polyphase multipath circuits,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I, Vol. 52, No. 9, pp. 1785–1794, Sept. 2005.Google Scholar
[10] R., Shrestha, E. A. M., Klumperink, E., Mensink, G. J. M., Wienk, and B., Nauta, “A polyphase multipath technique for software-defined radio transmitters,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, Vol. 41, No. 12, pp. 2681–2692, Dec. 2006.Google Scholar
[11] D. K., Weaver, “A third method of generation and detection of single sideband signals,” Proceedings of the IRE, Vol. 44, No. 12, pp. 1703–1705, Dec. 1956.Google Scholar
[12] X., Yang, D., Chaillot, P., Roblin, W.-R., Liou, J., Lee, H. D., Park, J., Strahler, and M., Ismail, “Poly-harmonic modeling and predistortion linearization for software defined radio upconverters,” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 58, No. 8, pp. 2125–2133, Aug. 2010.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×