Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-03T11:25:54.727Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

8 - War

from PART II - ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENTS

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 March 2008

By
Christopher Allmand
Edited by
Christopher Allmand
Christopher Allmand
Affiliation:
University of Liverpool
Get access

Summary

‘what a gratifying activity war is, for many are the splendid things heard and seen in the course of it, and many are the lessons to be learned from it.’ Such was the chivalric language, used by Jean de Bueil, author of Le Jouvencel, in the mid-fifteenth century, to describe the feelings of those who participated in military activity. War, however, was more than an opportunity for physical excitement or the chance to win reputation through deeds worthy of being recorded for the benefit of others. War was widely regarded as a way of securing peace and justice: ‘he who desires peace, let him prepare for war’, Vegetius had written in the late fourth century, an approach echoed by Jean de Bueil when he wrote that ‘when war is fought in a good cause, then it is fought for justice and the defence of right’ which might be legal, feudal, dynastic, in most cases ‘historic’ in some sense of that word. War was a last resort, a final, legitimate means of securing and maintaining justice. By the same token, victory was viewed as a sign from Heaven: God attributed victory to those whose cause was just.

Keywords

economic plansFrench artilleryBurgundian war policytrained soldiersnorthern Europesocial systemsmilitary organisation
Type
Chapter
Information
The New Cambridge Medieval History , pp. 161 - 174
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 1998

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alberti, Leon Battista, De re aedificatoria, libri X (c. 1452), Florence (1485)
Allmand, C. T. (1988), The Hundred Years War. England and France at war, c. 1300– c. 1450, Cambridge
Allmand, C.T. (1991), ‘Changing views of the soldier in late medieval France’, in Contamine, , Giry-Deloison, and Keen, (1991)Google Scholar
Allmand, C.T. (1992a), ‘Intelligence in the Hundred Years War’, in Neilson, K., and McKercher, B.J.C., (eds.), Go spy the land. Military intelligence in history, Westport, Conn., and London Google Scholar
Allmand, C.T. (1992b), Henry V, London; rev. edn New Haven and London (1997)
Allmand, C.T. (1995), ‘New weapons, new tactics, 1300– 1500’, in Parker, (1995b)Google Scholar
Allmand, C.T. (ed.) (1976), War, literature, and politics in the late Middle Ages. Essays in honour of G.W. Coopland, Liverpool
Anglo, S. (1988), ‘Machiavelli as a military authority. Some early sources’, in Denley, P., and Elam, C., (eds.), Florence and Italy. Renaissance studies in honour of Nicolai Rubinstein, London Google Scholar
Anglo, S. (ed.) (1990), Chivalry in the Renaissance, Woodbridge
Bak, J.M. and Király, B.K. (eds.) (1982), From Hunyadi to Rakocki. War and society in late medieval and early modern Hungay, Brooklyn, NY.
Barnard, F.P. (ed.), The essential portions of Nicholas Upton’s De studio militari, before 1446, translated by John Blount, Fellow of All Souls (c. 1500), Oxford (1931)
Barnes, J. (1982), ‘The just war’, in Kretzmann, N., Kenny, A., and Pinborg, J., (eds.), The Cambridge history of later medieval philosophy, Cambridge Google Scholar
Bartusis, M.C. (1992), The late Byzantine army. Arms and society, 1204– 1453, Philadelphia
Bayley, C.C. (ed.), War and society in Renaissance Florence. The De militia of Leonardo Bruni, Toronto (1961)
Bean, R. (1973), ‘War and the birth of the nation state’, Journal of Economic History 33 Google Scholar
Blanchard, J. (1989), ‘Ecrire la guerre au XVe sièclé’, Le moyen français 24– 5 Google Scholar
Blanchard, J. (1996), Commynes l’européen. L’invention du politique, Geneva
Bonet, Honoré, L’arbre des batailles, ed. Nys, E., Brussels and Leipzig (1883); English trans. and ed. Coopland, G.W., The tree of battles of Honoré Bonet, Liverpool (1949)
Borosy, A. (1982), ‘The Militia Portalis in Hungary before 1526’, in Bak, and Király, (1982)Google Scholar
Bossuat, A. (1936), Perrinet Gressart et François de Surienne, agents de l’Angleterre, Paris
Bossuat, A. (1951a), ‘Les prisonniers de guerre au XVe siècle: la rançon de Guillaume, seigneur de Chateauvillain’, Annales de Bourgogne 23 Google Scholar
Bossuat, A. (1951b), ‘Les prisonniers de guerre au XVe siècle: la rançon de Jean, seigneur de Rodemack’, Annales de l’est 5th series 3 Google Scholar
Bossuat, A. (1954), ‘Le rétablissement de la paix sociale sous le règne de Charles VII’, Le moyen âge 60; English trans. in Lewis (1971)Google Scholar
Brusten, C. (1953), L’armée bourguignonne de 1465 à 1468, Brussels
Bueil, Jean, Le Jouvencel, ed. Favre, C., and Lecestre, L., 2 vols., Société de l’Histoire de France, Paris (1887– 1889)
Caldwell, D.H. (1981), ‘Royal patronage of arms and armour-making in fifteenth and sixteenth-century Scotland’, in Caldwell, D.H., (ed.), Scottish weapons and fortifications, 1100– 1800, Edinburgh Google Scholar
Cauchies, J.-M. (ed.) (1986), Art de la guerre, technologie et tactique en Europe occidentale à la fin du moyen âge et à la Renaissance, Publications du Centre Européen d’études Bourguignonnes XIVe– XVIe siècles, no. 26, Basle
Chambers, D., Clough, C.H. and, Mallett, M.E. (eds.) (1993), War, culture and society in Renaissance Venice. Essays in honour of John Hale, London and Rio Grande, Ohio
Champion, P. (1906), Guillaume de Flavy, capitaine de Compiègne, Paris
Chartier, Alain, Le quadrilogue invectif, ed. Droz, E., 2nd edn, Paris (1950)
Chevalier, B. and Contamine, P. (eds.) (1985), La France de la fin du XVe siècle. Renouveau et apogée, Paris
Cinq-centième anniversaire de la bataille de Nancy (1477) (1979), Actes du colloque de Nancy, 1977, Nancy
Cipolla, C.M. (1965), Guns and sails in the early phase of European expansion (1400– 1700), London
Clough, C.H. (1993), ‘Love and war in the Veneto: Luigi da Porto and the true story of Giulietta e Romeo’, in Chambers, , Clough, and Mallett, (1993)Google Scholar
Clough, C.H. (1995), ‘The Romagna campaign of 1494: a significant military encounter’, in Abulafia, D., (ed.), The French descent into Renaissance Italy, 1494– 95. Antecedents and effects, Aldershot Google Scholar
Clough, C.H. (ed.) (1976), Cultural aspects of the Italian Renaissance. Essays in honour of Paul Oskar Kristeller, Manchester and New York
Commynes, Philippe, Mémoires, ed. Calmette, J., and Durville, G., 3 vols., Paris (1924– 1925)
Contamine, P. (1964), ‘L’artillerie royale française à la veille des guerres d’Italie’, Annales de Bretagne 71 Google Scholar
Contamine, P. (1970), ‘Les armées française et anglaise à l’époque de Jeanne d’Arc’, Revue des sociétés savantes de Haute-Normandie. Lettres et sciences humaines 57 Google Scholar
Contamine, P. (1971), ‘The French nobility and the war’, in Fowler, K. A., (ed.), The Hundred Years War, London Google Scholar
Contamine, P. (1972), Guerre, état et société à la fin du moyen âge. Etudes sur les armées des rois de France, 1337– 1494, Paris and The Hague
Contamine, P. (1976), ‘Points de vue sur la chevalerie en France à la fin du moyen âge’, Francia 4; repr. in Contamine, (1981), ch. 11Google Scholar
Contamine, P. (1978a), ‘Guerre, fiscalité royale et économie en France (deuxième moitié du XVe siècle)’, in Flinn, M., (ed.), Proceedings of the seventeenth international economic congress, Edinburgh, II Google Scholar
Contamine, P. (1978b), ‘Consommation et demande militaire en France et en Angleterre, XIIIe-XVe siècles’, in Domanda e consumi. Livelli e strutture (nei secoli XIII– XVIII), Atti della Sesta Settimana di Studio, 1974, Istituto Internazionale di Storia Economica Datini, F., Prato, Florence Google Scholar
Contamine, P. (1978c), ‘Rançons et butins dans la Normandie anglaise (1424– 1444)’, in Actes du 101e congrès des Sociétés savantes, Lille, 1976. Section de philologie et d’histoire jusqu’à 1610, Paris; repr. in Contamine, (1981), ch. 8Google Scholar
Contamine, P. (1979), ‘L’idée de guerre à la fin du moyen âge: aspects juridiques et éthiques’, Comptes-rendus de l’académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres; repr. in Contamine, (1981), ch. 13Google Scholar
Contamine, P. (1981), La France aux XIVe et XVe siècles. Hommes, mentalités, guerre et paix, London
Contamine, P. (1984a), ‘Les industries de guerre dans la France de la Renaissance: l’exemple de l’artillerie’, Revue historique 271 Google Scholar
Contamine, P. (1984b), War in the Middle Ages, Oxford
Contamine, P. (1987), ‘Structures militaires de la France et de l’Angleterre au milieu du XVe siècle’, in Schneider, R., (ed.), Das spätmittelalterliche Königtum in Europäischen Vergleich, Sigmaringen Google Scholar
Contamine, P. (1989), ‘Naissance de l’infantrie française (milieu XVe– milieu XVIe siècle)’, in Quatrième centenaire de la bataille de Coutras, Pau Google Scholar
Contamine, P., ‘L’art de la guerre selon Philippe de Clèves, seigneur de Ravenstein (1456– 1528): innovation ou tradition?’, Bijdragen en mededelingen betreffende de geschiedenis de Nederlanden 95 (1980)Google Scholar
Contamine, P., ‘Les traités de guerre, de chasse, de blason, et de chevalerie’, in Grundriss der romanischen Literaturen des Mittelalters, Volume VIII/I (La littérature française aux XIVe et XVe siècles), Heidelberg (1988)Google Scholar
Contamine, P., ‘The war literature of the late Middle Ages: the treatises of Robert de Balsac and Béraud Stuart’, in Allmand, (1976); repr. in Contamine, (1981), ch. 3Google Scholar
Contamine, P. (ed.) (1992), Histoire militaire de la France, II: Des origines à 1715, Paris
Contamine, P., Giry-Deloison, C. and, Keen, M. (eds.) (1991), Guerre et société en France, en Angleterre et en Bourgogne, XIVe– XVe siècle, Lille
Coopland, G.W., ‘Le Jouvencel (revisited)’, Symposium 5, no. 2 (1951)Google Scholar
Corfis, I.A. and Wolfe, M. (eds.) (1995), The medieval city under siege, Woodbridge
Cruickshank, C.G. (1969), Army royal. Henry VIII’s invasion of France, 1513, Oxford
Curry, A. and Hughes, M. (1994), Arms, armies and fortifications in the Hundred Years War, Woodbridge and Rochester, N.Y.
Curry, A.E. (1979), ‘The first English standing army? Military organization in Lancastrian Normandy, 1420– 1450’, in Ross, C., (ed.), Patronage, pedigree and power in later medieval England, Gloucester and Totowa Google Scholar
Curry, A.E. (1982), ‘L’effet de la libération de la ville d’Orléans sur l’armée anglaise: les problèmes de l’organisation militaire en Normandie de 1429 à 1435’, in Jeanne d’Arc, une époque, un rayonnement, Paris Google Scholar
Curry, A.E. (1987), ‘The impact of war and occupation on urban life in Normandy,1417– 1450’, French History 1 Google Scholar
Curry, A.E. (1992), ‘The nationality of men-at-arms serving in English armies in Normandy and the pays de conquête, 1415– 1450: a preliminary survey’, Reading Medieval Studies 18 Google Scholar
Cuttino, G. P. (1985), English medieval diplomacy, Bloomington
DíezGames, G., El Victorial, crónica de Don Pero Nin^o, conde de Buelna, por su alférez, Gutierre Díez de Games, ed. , J., Carriazo, Mata, Madrid (1940), English trans. Evans, J., The unconquered knight. A chronicle of the deeds of Don Pero Nin^o, count of Buelna, by his standard bearer, Gutierre Diaz de Gamez (1431– 1449), London (1928)
De Vries, K.R. (1995), ‘The impact of gunpowder weaponry on siege warfare in the Hundred Years War’, in Corfis, and Wolfe, (1995)Google Scholar
De Vries, K.R. (1992), Medieval military technology, Peterborough, Ont., and Lewiston, N.Y.
Del Treppo, M. (1973), ‘Gli aspetti organizzativi, economici e sociali di una compagnia di ventura’, Rivista storica Italiana 85 Google Scholar
Delbrück, H. (1982), history of the art of war, within the framework of political history, II: The Middle Ages, Westport and London
Dickinson, J.G. (1955), The congress of Arras, 1435. A study in medieval diplomacy, Oxford
Downing, B.M. (1992), The military revolution and political change. Origins of democracy and autocray in early modern Europe, Princeton
Eltis, D. (1989), ‘Towns and defence in late medieval Germany’, Nottingham Medieval Studies 33 Google Scholar
Engel, P. (1982), ‘János Hunyadi: the decisive years of his career, 1440– 1444’, in Bak, and Király, (1982)Google Scholar
Fügedi, E. (1982), ‘The Militia Portalis in Hungary before 1526’, in Bak, and Király, (1982) 500-Jahr-Feier der Schlacht bei Murten: Kolloquiumsakten/ 5e centenaire de la bataille de Morat: actes du colloque (1976), Freiburg and Berne Google Scholar
Finó, J.F. (1974), ‘L’artillerie en France à la fin du moyen âge’, Gladius 12 Google Scholar
Fourquevaux, Sieur, Instructions sur le faict de la guerre, ed. Dickinson, G., London (1954)
Fowler, K.A. (ed.) (1971), The Hundred Years War, London
Frontinus, Sextus Julius, The stratagems, trans. Bennett, C.E., Loeb Classical Library, Cambridge, Mass., and London (1969)
Gaier, C. (1973), L’industrie et le commerce des armes dans les principautés belges du XIIIe à la fin du XVe siècle, Paris
Gaier, C. (1978), ‘L’invincibilité anglaise et le grand arc de la guerre de Cent Ans: un mythe tenace’, Tijdschrft voor geschiedenis 91 Google Scholar
Gilbert, F. (1941), ‘Machiavelli: the renaissance of the art of war’, in Earle, E.M., Makers of modern strategy, Princeton Google Scholar
Gille, B. (1964), Les ingénieurs de la Renaissance, Paris
Goodman, A.E. (1981), The Wars of the Roses. Military activity and English society, 1452– 97, London
Goodman, A.E. and Tuck, A. (eds.) (1991), Wars and border societies in the Middle Ages, London
Guenée, B. (1985), States and rulers in later medieval Europe, Oxford
Guilmartin, J.F. Jr (1974), Gunpowder and galleys. Changing technology and Mediterranean warfare at sea in the sixteenth century, Cambridge
Hale, J.R. (1957), ‘International relations in the west: diplomacy and war’, in Potter, G.R. (ed.), New Cambridge modern history, I: The Renaissance, 1493– 1520, Cambridge Google Scholar
Hale, J.R. (1960), ‘War and public opinion in Renaissance Italy’, in Jacob, E.F. (ed.), Italian Renaissance studies, London; repr. in Hale, (1983)Google Scholar
Hale, J.R. (1962), ‘War and public opinion in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries’, Past & Present 22 Google Scholar
Hale, J.R. (1965a), ‘The early development of the bastion: an Italian chronology c. 1450– c. 1534’, in Hale, J.R., Highfield, J.R.L., and Smalley, B., (eds.), Europe in the late Middle Ages, London. Reprinted in Hale, (1983)Google Scholar
Hale, J.R. (1965b), ‘Gunpowder and the Renaissance: an essay in the history of ideas’, in Carter, C.H., (ed.), From the Renaissance to the Counter-Reformation. Essays in honor of Garret Mattingy, New York and London; repr. in Hale, (1983)Google Scholar
Hale, J.R. (1976), ‘The military education of the officer class in early modern Europe’, in Clough, (1976), pp. 440– 61; repr. in Hale, (1983)Google Scholar
Hale, J.R. (1977), Renaissance fortification. Art or engineering?, London
Hale, J.R. (1983), Renaissance war studies, London
Hale, J.R. (1985), War and society in Renaissance Europe, 1450– 1620, London
Hale, J.R. (1986), ‘Soldiers in the religious art of the Renaissance’, Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester 69 Google Scholar
Hale, J.R. (1988), ‘A humanistic visual aid. The military diagram in the Renaissance’, Renaissance Studies 2 Google Scholar
Hale, J.R. (1990), Artists and warfare in the Renaissance, New Haven and London
Hall, B.S. (1995), ‘The changing face of siege warfare: technology and tactics in transition’, in Corfis, and Wolfe, (1995)Google Scholar
Held, J. (1977), ‘Military reform in early fifteenth-century Hungary’, East European Quarterly 11 Google Scholar
Held, J. (1982), ‘Peasants in arms, 1437– 1438 & 1456’, in Bak, and Király, (1982)Google Scholar
Henneman, J.B. (1978), ‘The military class and the French monarchy in the late Middle Ages’, American Historical Review 83 Google Scholar
Heymann, F.G. (1955), John Zizka and the Hussite revolution, Princeton
Hicks, M.A. (1986), ‘Counting the cost of war: the Moleyns ransom and the Hungerford land-sales, 1453– 87’, Southern History 8 Google Scholar
Holmer, P.L. (1977), ‘Studies in the military organization of the Yorkist kings’, PhD dissertation, University of Minnesota
Huizinga, J. (1924), The waning of the Middle Ages, London
Jones, M. and Walker, S., ‘Private indentures for life service in peace and war, 1278– 1476’, in Camden Miscellany XXXII, Royal Historical Society, London (1994)Google Scholar
Jones, M.C.E. (1985), ‘L’armée bretonne 1449– 1491: Structures et carrières’, in Chevalier, and Contamine, (1985); repr. in Jones, M.C.E., The creation of Brittany. A late medieval state, London (1988)Google Scholar
Jones, M.K. (1986), ‘Henry VII, Lady Margaret Beaufort and the Orléans ransom’, in Griffiths, R.A., and Sherborne, J., (eds.), Kings and nobles in the later Middle Ages. A tribute to Charles Ross, Gloucester Google Scholar
Kantorowicz, E. (1951), ‘Pro patria mori in medieval political thought’, American Historical Review 56 Google Scholar
Keegan, J. (1978), The face of battle, Harmondsworth
Keegan, J. (1994), A brief history of warfare – past, present, future, Southampton
Keen, M.H. (1965), The laws of war in the late Middle Ages, London and Toronto
Keen, M.H. (1984), Chivalry, New Haven and London
Keen, M.H. (1995), ‘Richard II’s ordinances of war of 1385’, in Archer, R.E., and Walker, S., (eds.), Rulers and ruled in late medieval England. Essays presented to Gerald Harriss, London and Rio Grande Google Scholar
Keen, M.H. (1996), Nobles, knights and men-at arms in the Middle Ages, London and Rio Grande, Ohio
Keep, J.L. (1985), Soldiers of the Tsar. Army and society in Russia, 1462– 1874, Oxford
Knecht, R.J. (1994), Renaissance warrior and patron. The reign of Francis I, Cambridge
Kyeser, Conrad (aus Eichstätt), Bellifortis, ed. Quarg, G., 2 vols., Düsseldorf (1967)
Ladero Quesada, M.A. (1964), Milicia y economia en la guerra de Granada. El cerco de Baza, Valladolid
Ladero Quesada, M.A. (1989), ‘La organización militar de la corona de Castilla en la baja edad media’, in Castillos medievales del reino de León, Madrid Google Scholar
Le débat des hérauts d’armes de France et d’Angleterre, ed. Pannier, L., Société des Anciens Textes Français, Paris (1877)
Lewis, P.S. (1965), ‘War propaganda and historiography in fifteenth-century France and England’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 5th series 15 Google Scholar
Lewis, P.S. (1971), The recovery of France in the fifteenth century, London and New York
Lomax, D. W. (1980), ‘A medieval recruiting-poster’, in Estudis històrics i documents dels Arxius de Protocols, Collegi Notarial de Barcelona, Barcelona Google Scholar
Lot, F. (1946), L’art militaire et les armées au moyen âge en Europe et dans le proche-orient, Paris
Lourie, E. (1966), ‘A society organized for war: medieval Spain’, Past & Present 35 Google Scholar
Lull, Ramon, The book of the ordre of chyualy, translated and printed by William Caxton from a French version of Ramón Lull’s Le libre del orde de cauayleria’, ed. Byles, A.T.P., Early English Text Society, original series, 168, London (1926)
Macdonald, I.I. (1948), Don Fernando de Antequera, Oxford
MacKay, A. (1977), Spain in the Middle Ages. From frontier to empire, 1000– 1500, London
Mallett, M.E. (1967), The Florentine galleys in the fifteenth century, Oxford
Mallett, M.E. (1973), ‘Venice and its condottieri’, in Hale, J.R., (ed.), Renaissance Venice, London Google Scholar
Mallett, M.E. (1974), Mercenaries and their masters. Warfare in Renaissance Italy, London
Mallett, M.E. (1976), ‘Some notes on a fifteenth-century condottiere and his library: Count Antonio da Marsciano’, in Clough, (1976)Google Scholar
Mallett, M.E. (1981), ‘Diplomacy and war in later fifteenth-century Italy’, Proceedings of the British Academy 67 Google Scholar
Mallett, M.E. (1992), ‘Diplomacy and war in later fifteenth-century Italy’, in Garfagnini, G.C., (ed.), Lorenzo de’Medici Studi, Florence Google Scholar
Mallett, M.E. (1993), ‘Venice and the war of Ferrara, 1482– 84’, in Chambers, , Clough, and Mallett, (1993)Google Scholar
Mallett, M.E. (1994), ‘The art of war’, in Brady, T.A., Oberman, H.A., and Tracy, J.D. (eds.), Handbook of European history, 1400– 1600. Late Middle Ages, Renaissance and Reformation, I, Leiden, New York and Cologne Google Scholar
Mallett, M.E. (1995), ‘Siegecraft in late fifteenth-century Italy’, in Corfis, and Wolfe, (1995)Google Scholar
Mallett, M.E. and Hale, J.R. (1984), The military organization of a Renaissance state. Venice, c. 1400– 1617, Cambridge
McFarlane, K.B. (1963), ‘A business-partnership in war and administration, 1421– 1445’, English Historical Review 46 Google Scholar
McNeill, W.H. (1983), The pursuit of power. Technology, armed force and society since A.D. 1000, Oxford
Meun, Jean, L’art de chevalerie. Traduction du De re militari de Végèce, ed. Robert, U., Société des Anciens Textes Français, Paris (1897)
Miskimin, H.A. (1984), Money and power in fifteenth-century France, New Haven and London
Mulryne, J.R. and Shewring, M. (eds.) (1989), War, literature and the arts in sixteenth-century Europe, Basingstoke and London
Nef, J.U. (1950), War and human progress, London
Newhall, R.A. (1924), The English conquest of Normandy, 1416– 1424, New Haven
Newhall, R.A. (1940), Muster and review. A problem of English militay administration 1420– 1440, Cambridge, Mass.
O’Neil, B.H. J. (1960), Castles and cannon. A study of early artillery fortifications in England, Oxford
Oman, C. (1924), A history of the art of war in the Middle Ages, 2nd edn, London
Oman, C. (1936), ‘The art of war in the fifteenth century’, in Prévité-Orton, C.W. and Brooke, Z.N., (eds.), Cambridge medieval history, VIII Google Scholar
Pégeot, P. (1991), ‘L’armement des ruraux et des bourgeois à la fin du moyen âge. L’exemple de la région de Montbéliard’, in Contamine, , Giry-Deloison, and Keen, (1991)Google Scholar
Parker, G. (1988), The military revolution. Military innovation and the rise of the west, 1500– 1800, Cambridge
Parker, G. (1995a), ‘The gunpowder revolution, 1300– 1500’, in Parker, (1995b)Google Scholar
Parker, G. (ed.) (1995b), The Cambridge illustrated history of warfare. The triumph of the west, Cambridge
Paviot, J. (1995), La politique navale des ducs de Bourgogne, 1384– 1482, Lille
Pepper, S. and Adams, N. (1986), Firearms and fortifications. Military architecture and siege warfare in sixteenth-century Siena, Chicago and London
Phillpotts, C. (1984), ‘The French battle plan during the Agincourt campaign’, English Historical Review 99 Google Scholar
Pieri, P. (1952), Il Rinascimento e la crisi militare italiana, Milan
Pieri, P. (1963), ‘Sur les dimensions de l’histoire militaire’, Annales: économies, sociétés, civilisations 18 Google Scholar
Pisan, Christine, The book of fayttes of armes and of chyaulrye, translated and printed by William Caxton, ed. Byles, A.T.P., Early English Text Society, original series, 189, London (1932)
Pons, N. (1982), ‘La propagande de guerre française avant l’apparition de Jeanne d’Arc’, Journal des savants Google Scholar
Pons, N. (1991), ‘La guerre de Cent Ans vue par quelques polémistes français du XVe siècle’, in Contamine, , Giry-Deloison, and Keen, (1991)Google Scholar
Pons, N. (ed.), ‘L’honneur de la couronne de France’. Quatre libelles contre les Anglais (v.1418– v.1429), Société de l’Histoire de France, Paris (1990)
Powicke, M. (1969), ‘Lancastrian captains’, in Sandquist, T.A., and Powicke, M., (eds.), Essays in medieval history presented to B. Wilkinson, Toronto Google Scholar
Powicke, M. (1971), ‘The English aristocracy and the war’, in Fowler, K.A., (ed.), The Hundred Years War, London Google Scholar
Pryor, J.H. (1988), Geography, technology, and war. Studies in the maritime history of the Mediterranean, 649– 1571, Cambridge
Queller, D.E. (1967), The office of ambassador in the Middle Ages, Princeton
Quicherat, J. (1879), Rodrigue de Villandrando, l’un des combattants pour l’indépendance française au quinzième siècle, Paris
Rázsó, G. (1982), ‘The mercenary army of King Matthias Corvinus’, in Bak, and Király, (1982)Google Scholar
Richmond, C.F. (1964), ‘The keeping of the seas during the Hundred Years War: 1422– 1440’, History 49 Google Scholar
Richmond, C.F. (1967), ‘English naval power in the fifteenth century’, History 52 Google Scholar
Richmond, C.F. (1971), ‘The war at sea’, in Fowler, (1971)Google Scholar
Rogers, C.J. (1993), ‘The military revolutions of the Hundred Years War’, Journal of Military History 57 Google Scholar
Rose, S. (1982), The navy of the Lancastrian kings. Accounts and inventories of William Soper, keeper of the king’s ships, 1422– 1427, London
Rowe, B.J.H. (1931), ‘Discipline in the Norman garrisons under Bedford, 1422– 35’, English Historical Review 46 Google Scholar
Russell, F.H. (1975), The just war in the Middle Ages, Cambridge
Russell, J. G. (1996), Diplomats at work. Three Renaissance studies, Stroud
Russell, J.G. (1986), Peacemaking in the Renaissance, London
Ryder, A. (1976), The kingdom of Naples under Alfonso the Magnanimous. The making of a modern state, Oxford
Ryder, A. (1984), ‘Cloth and credit: Aragonese war finance in the mid fifteenth century’, War and Society 2 Google Scholar
Sablonier, R. (1979), ‘Etats et structures militaires dans la confédération [suisse] autour des années 1480’, in Cinq-centième anniversaire de la bataille de Nancy (1979)Google Scholar
Salamagne, A. (1993), ‘L’attaque des places fortes au XVe siècle à travers l’exemple des guerres anglo- et franco-bourguignonnes’, Revue historique 289 Google Scholar
Scattergood, V.J. (1971), Politics and poetry in the fifteenth century, London
Simms, K. (1975), ‘Warfare in the medieval Gaelic lordships’, The Irish Sword 12 Google Scholar
Solon, P.D. (1972), ‘Popular response to standing military forces in fifteenth-century France’, Studies in the Renaissance 19 Google Scholar
Sommé, M. (1986), ‘L’artillerie et la guerre de frontière dans le nord de la France de 1477 à 1482’, in Cauchies, (1986)Google Scholar
Sommé, M. (1991), ‘L’armée bourguignonne au siège de Calais de 1436’, in Contamine, , Giry-Deloison, and Keen, (1991)Google Scholar
Stewart, P. (1969), ‘The soldier, the bureaucrat and fiscal records in the army of Ferdinand and Isabella’, Hispanic American Historical Review 49 Google Scholar
Stuart, , Bérault, seigneur d’Aubigny, Traité sur l’art de la guerre, ed. de, E., Comminges, International Archives of the History of Ideas, 85, The Hague (1976)
The earliest English translation of Vegetius’ De re militari, ed. Lester, G., Heidelberg (1988)
The libelle of Englyshe polyye. A poem on the use of sea-power 1436, ed. Warner, G., Oxford (1926)
Vale, M.G.A. (1976), ‘New techniques and old ideals: the impact of artillery on war and chivalry at the end of the Hundred Years War’, in Allmand, (1976)Google Scholar
Vale, M.G.A. (1981), War and chivalry. Warfare and aristocratic culture in England, France and Burgundy at the end of the Middle Ages, London
Vale, M.G.A. (1982), ‘Warfare and the life of the French and Burgundian nobility in the late Middle Ages’, in Adelige Sachkultur des Spätmittelalters. Internationaler Kongress Krems an der Donau, 22. bis 25. September 1980, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna Google Scholar
Vaughan, R. (1973), Charles the Bold. The last Valois duke of Burgundy, London
Vaughan, R. (1975), Valois Burgundy, London
Vegetius, Flavius Renatus, De re militari: with Frontinus, Stratagematicon; Modestus, De re militari; Aelianus, De instruendis aciebus; Onosander, De optimo imperatore eiusque officio, Rome (1494)
Vegetius, , Epitoma rei militaris, ed. Önnerfors, A., Stuttgart and Leipzig (1995)
Vegetius, , Epitome of military science, trans. Milner, N.P., 2nd rev. edn, Liverpool (1996)
Weiss, R., ‘The adventures of a first edition of Valturio’s De re militari’, in Studi di bibliografia e di storia in onore di Tammaro de Marinis, IV, Verona (1964)Google Scholar
White, L. Jr (1962), Medieval technology and social change, Oxford
Winkler, A.L. (1982), ‘The Swiss and war: the impact of society on the Swiss military in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries’, PhD dissertation, Brigham Young University
Wood, N. (1967), ‘Frontinus as a possible source for Machiavelli’s method’, Journal of the History of Ideas 28 Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • War
  • Edited by Christopher Allmand, University of Liverpool
  • Book: The New Cambridge Medieval History
  • Online publication: 28 March 2008
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521382960.009
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • War
  • Edited by Christopher Allmand, University of Liverpool
  • Book: The New Cambridge Medieval History
  • Online publication: 28 March 2008
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521382960.009
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • War
  • Edited by Christopher Allmand, University of Liverpool
  • Book: The New Cambridge Medieval History
  • Online publication: 28 March 2008
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521382960.009
Available formats
×