Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T13:47:12.308Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

12 - Humanism

from PART III - SPIRITUAL, CULTURAL AND ARTISTIC LIFE

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 March 2008

By
Robert Black
Edited by
Christopher Allmand
Christopher Allmand
Affiliation:
University of Liverpool
Get access

Summary

a discussion of Renaissance humanism must begin with Burckhardt, whose The civilization of the Renaissance in Italy has set the terms of debate and analysis from the time of its publication in 1860 up to the most recent scholarship. Burckhardt’s interpretation of humanism was not particularly novel, but he stated his views with powerful simplicity and systematic logic. No scholar can now accept Burckhardt’s thesis as a whole, but it must be conceded that he raised the crucial historical issues concerning humanism.

For Burckhardt, the Renaissance was not fundamentally about the revival of Antiquity: ‘the essence of the phenomena might still have been the same without the classical revival’, which had ‘been one-sidedly chosen as the name to sum up the whole period’. In Burckhardt’s view, instead, the ‘characteristic stamp’ of the Renaissance was a new spirit of individualism. What was reborn in Italy from the mid-thirteenth to the early sixteenth century was not classicism but rather man himself.

Keywords

grammar curriculumelementary educationBurckhardtsecondary educationPaul Oskar KristellerRenaissance humanismRoman historiesRenaissance individualism
Type
Chapter
Information
The New Cambridge Medieval History , pp. 243 - 277
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 1998

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Accolti, Benedetto, De bello a christianis contra barbaros gesto, in Recueil des historiens des croisades. Historiens occidentaux, Paris (1895), V
Accolti, Benedetto, Dialogus [de praestantia virorum sui aevi], Galletti, G., (ed.), Philippi Villani liber de civitatis Florentiae famosis civibus, Florence (1848)
Akkerman, F. and Vanderjagt, A.J. (eds.) (1988), Rodolphus Agricola Phrisius, 1444– 1485, Leiden
Alberti, Leon Battista, Momus o del principe, ed. Martini, G., Bologna (1942)
Alberti, Leon Battista, Opera inedita et pauca separatim impressa, ed. Mancini, G., Florence (1890)
Alberti, Leon Battista, Opere volgari, ed. Grayson, C., 3 vols., Bari (1960– 1973)
Alessio, G.C. (1986), ‘Le istituzioni scolastiche e l’insegnamento’, in Aspetti della letteratura latina nel secolo XIII: Atti del primo Convegno internazionale di studi dellAssociazione per il medioevo e l’umanesimo latini, Perugia and Florence Google Scholar
AlexandreVilledieu, , Das Doctrinale des Alexander de Villa-Dei, ed. Reichling, D., Berlin (1893)
Alighieri, Dante, De vulgari eloquentia, in his Opere minori, II, ed. Mengaldo, P.V., Nardi, B., Furgoni, A., Brugnoli, G., Cecchini, E., and Mazzoni, F., Milan and Naples (1979)
Avensani, R. (1967), Quattro miscellanee medioevali e umanistiche, Rome
Avesani, R. (1965), ‘Il primo ritmo per la morte del grammatico Ambrogio e il cosiddetto “Liber catonianus”’, Studi medievali 3rd series 6 Google Scholar
Baron, H. (1938), ‘Franciscan poverty and civic wealth as factors in the rise of humanistic thought’, Speculum 13 Google Scholar
Baron, H. (1958), ‘Moot problems of Renaissance interpretation: an answer to Wallace K. Ferguson’, Journal of the History of Ideas 19 Google Scholar
Baron, H. (1966), The crisis of the early Italian Renaissance. Civic humanism and republican liberty in an age of classicism and tyranny, Princeton (rev. edn in 1 vol.; first published, 1955, in 2 vols.)
Barzizza, Gasparino, Opera, ed. Furietto, G.A., Rome (1723)
Bentley, J.H. (1983), Humanists and holy writ: New Testament scholarship in the Renaissance, Princeton
Bernstein, E. (1983), German humanism, Boston
Berschin, W. (1988), Greek letters and the Latin Middle Ages: from Jerome to Nicholas of Cusa, Washington
Billanovich, G. (1951), ‘Petrarch and the textual tradition of Livy’, Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 14 Google Scholar
Biondo, Flavio, Historiarum ab inclinato Romano imperio decades III, in his De Roma triumphante…, Basle (1531)
Biondo, Flavio, Scritti inediti e rari, ed. Nogara, B., Rome (1927)
Black, R. (1981), ‘Benedetto Accolti and the beginnings of humanist historiography’, English Historical Review 96 Google Scholar
Black, R. (1985), Benedetto Accolti and the Florentine Renaissance, Cambridge
Black, R. (1986), ‘The political thought of the Florentine chancellors’, Historische Zeitschrift 29 Google Scholar
Black, R. (1987), ‘The new laws of history’, Renaissance Studies 1 Google Scholar
Black, R. (1990), ‘Machiavelli, servant of the Florentine Republic’, in Bock, , Skinner, and Viroli, (1990)Google Scholar
Black, R. (1991a), ‘An unknown thirteenth-century manuscript of Ianua’, in Wood, I., and Loud, G.A., (eds.), Church and chronicle in the Middle Ages. Essays presented to John Taylor, London Google Scholar
Black, R. (1991b), ‘The curriculum of Italian elementary and grammar schools, 1350– 1500’, in Kelley, D.R., and Popkin, R.H., (eds.), The shapes of knowledge from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment, Dordrecht Google Scholar
Black, R. (1991c), ‘Italian Renaissance education: changing perspectives and continuing controversies’, Journal of the History of Ideas 52 Google Scholar
Black, R. (1991d), ‘Reply to Paul Grendler’, Journal of the History of Ideas 52 Google Scholar
Black, R. (1992), ‘Florence’, in Porter, R., and Teich, M., The Renaissance in national context, Cambridge Google Scholar
Black, R. (1995), ‘The Donation of Constantine: a new source for the concept of the Renaissance?’, in Brown, A., (ed.), Language and images of the Renaissance, Oxford Google Scholar
Black, R. (1996), ‘Cicero in the curriculum of Italian Renaissance grammar schools’, Ciceroniana 9 Google Scholar
Black, R. (1997), ‘The vernacular and the teaching of Latin in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries’, forthcoming in Studi medievali Google Scholar
Black, R. (forthcoming), Humanism and education in Renaissance society. Tradition and innovation in Tuscan schools, 1200– 1500, Cambridge
Black, R. and Pomaro, G. (forthcoming), Boethius at school in medieval and Renaissance Florence, Florence
Bock, G., Skinner, Q. and, Viroli, M. (1990), Machiavelli and republicanism, Cambridge
Bracciolini, Poggio, Lettere, ed. Harth, H., 3 vols., Florence (1984– 1987)
Bracciolini, Poggio, Opera, Basle (1538)
Breen, Q. (1952), ‘Giovanni Pico della Mirandola on the conflict of philosophy and rhetoric’, Journal of the History of Ideas 13 Google Scholar
Brown, A. (1986), ‘Platonism in fifteenth-century Florence and its contribution to early modern political thought’, Journal of Medieval History 58 Google Scholar
Brucker, G. (1977), The civic world of early Renaissance Florence, Princeton
Brucker, G. (1979), ‘Humanism, politics and the social order in early Renaissance Florence’, in Bertelli, S., et al. (eds.), Florence and Venice. Comparisons and relations, Florence, I Google Scholar
Bruni, Leonardo, Epistolarum libri VIII, ed. Mehus, L., 2 vols., Florence (1741)
Bruni, Leonardo, Historiarum florentini populi libri XII, in Rerum italicarum scriptores, new series, 19, pt 3, ed. Santini, Emilio, Città di Castello (1914)
Bruni, Leonardo, Humanistisch-philosophische Schriften, ed. Baron, H., Leipzig and Berlin (1928)
Bruni, Leonardo, Laudatio florentinae urbis, ed. Baron, H., in his From Petrarch to Leonardo Bruni, Chicago (1968)
Bruni, Leonardo, Oratio in funere Nannis Strozae, in Baluze, E., and Mansi, G. (eds.), Miscellanea novo ordine digesta…, 4 vols., Lucca (1761– 1764), IV
Buck, A. (1960), ‘Die Rangstellung des Menschen in der Renaissance: dignitas et miseria hominis’, Archiv für Kulturgeschichte 42 Google Scholar
Burckhardt, J. (1990), The civilization of the Renaissance in Italy, trans. Middlemore, S., introduction by Burke, P., notes by Murray, P., London (first published 1860)
Burdach, K. (1893), Vom Mittelalter zur Reformation, Halle
Burdach, K. (1910), ‘Sinn und Ursprung der Worte Renaissance und Reformation’, Sitzungsberichte der Königlichpreussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Google Scholar
Burdach, K. (1913), Rienzo und die geistige Wandlung seiner Zeit, Erste Hälfte (=Briefwechsel des Cola di Rienzo, ed. Burdach, K., and Piur, P., Erster Teil=K. Burdach, Von Mittelalter zur Reformation. Forschungen zur Geschichte der deutschen Bildung, Zweiter Band), Berlin
Burke, P. (1969), The Renaissance sense of the past, London
Calco, Tristano, Historiae patriae, in Graevius, J.G., Thesaurus antiquitatum et historiarum Italiae, II, pt 1, Leiden (1704)
Cameron, J.K. (1990), ‘Humanism in the Low Countries’, in Goodman, and Mackay, (1990)Google Scholar
Cammelli, G. (1941– 1954), I dotti bizantini e le origini dell’umanesimo, 3 vols., Florence
Camporeale, S. (1972), Lorenzo Valla: umanesimo e teologia, Florence
Cassirer, E. (1963), The individual and the cosmos in Renaissance philosophy, Oxford (first published 1926)
Cavalcanti, G., Istorie fiorentine, ed. Pino, G., Milan (1944)
Cobban, A.B. (1988), The medieval English universities: Oxford and Cambridge to c. 1500, Aldershot
Cochrane, E. (1981), Historians and historiography in the Italian Renaissance, Chicago
Cortesi, Paolo, De hominibus doctis, ed. Ferraù, G., Messina (1977)
Croce, B. (1941), History as the story of liberty, London
D’Amico, J.F. (1988), ‘Humanism and pre-Reformation theology’, in Rabil, (1988), III Google Scholar
Davis, C.T. (1974), ‘Ptolemy of Lucca and the Roman Republic’, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 118 Google Scholar
de la Mare, A. (1973), The handwriting of Italian humanists, I, i, Oxford
De Rosa, D. (1980), Coluccio Salutati. Il cancelliere e il pensatore politico, Florence
De Sanctis, F. (1930), History of Italian literature, 2 vols., introduction by Croce, B., New York (first published 1870– 1871)
EvrardBéthune, , Graecismus, ed. Wrobel, J., Wratislav (1887)
Facio, Bartolomeo, De humanae vitae felicitate. De excellentia ac praestantia hominis, in Sandeus, F., De regibus Siciliae et Apuliae, Hanau (1611)
Ferguson, W.K. (1948), The Renaissance in historical thought, Boston
Field, A. (1988), The origins of the Platonic Academy of Florence, Princeton
Filelfo, Francesco, Epistolarum familiarium libri XXXVII, Venice (1502)
Fubini, R. (1968), ‘Biondo Flavio’, in Dizionario biografico degli Italiani, Rome, X Google Scholar
Fueter, E. (1911), Geschichte der neueren Historiographie, Munich and Berlin
Gadol, J. (1969), Leon Battista Alberti. Universal man of the early Renaissance, Chicago
Garin, E. (1938), ‘La “dignitas hominis” e la letteratura patristica’, La rinascita 1 Google Scholar
Garin, E. (1953), L’educazione umanistica in Italia, Bari
Garin, E. (1954), ‘Donato Acciaiuoli cittadino fiorentino’, in his Medioevo eRinascimento, Bari Google Scholar
Garin, E. (1957), L’educazione in Europa (1400– 1600), Bari
Garin, E. (1958), ‘Platonici bizantini e platonici italiani: I. Nuove, indagini sul Pletone’, in his Studi sul Platonismo medievale, Florence Google Scholar
Garin, E. (1961), La cultura filosofica del rinascimento italiano, Florence
Garin, E. (1965), Italian humanism, tr. Munz, P., Oxford (first published 1947)
Garin, E. (1967), ‘Guarino Veronese e la cultura a Ferrara’, in his Ritratti di umanisti, Florence Google Scholar
Garin, E. (1969), Science and civic life in the Italian Renaissance, Garden City, N.Y.
Garin, E. (1975), ‘La rinascita di Plotino’, in Garin, E., Rinascite e rivoluzioni. Movimenti culturali dal XIV al XVIII secolo, Bari Google Scholar
Garin, E. (ed.), Il pensiero pedagogico dello Umanesimo, Florence (1958)
Garin, E. (ed.), Prosatori latini del Quattrocento, Milan (1952)
Geanakopolos, D.J. (1966), Byzantine east and Latin west, Oxford
Geanakopolos, D.J. (1988), ‘Italian humanism and Byzantine émigré scholars’, in Rabil, (1988), I Google Scholar
Gebhart, E. (1879), Les origines de la Renaissance en Italie, Paris
Gellius, Aulus, The Attic nights of Aulus Gellius, trans. Rolfe, J.C., 3 vols., Cambridge, Mass., and London (1927– 1961)
Gentile, G. (1912), I problemi della scolastica e il pensiero italiano, Bari
Gentile, G. (1931), ‘La concezione humanistica del mondo’, Nuova antologia 257 Google Scholar
Gentile, G. (1968), Il pensiero italiano del Rinascimento, in his Opere, xiv, Florence
,George of Trebizond, Rhetoricorum libri quinque, Venice (1470)
Gleason, J.B. (1989), John Colet, Berkeley
Goetz, W. (1907), ‘Mittelalter und Renaissance’, Historische Zeitschrift 98 Google Scholar
Goetz, W. (1914), ‘Renaissance und Antike’, Historische Zeitschrift 113 Google Scholar
Gombrich, E.H. (1967), ‘From the revival of letters to the reform of the arts: Niccolò Niccoli and Filippo Brunelleschi’, in Fraser, D., et al. (eds.) Essays in the history of art presented to Rudolf Wittkower, London Google Scholar
Gombrich, E.H. (1969), In search of cultural history, Oxford; repr. in his Ideals and idols. Essays on values in history and in art, Oxford (1979)
Goodman, A.E. and MacKay, A. (eds.) (1990), The impact of humanism on western Europe, London
Grafton, A. (1977), ‘On the scholarship of Poliziano and its context’, Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 40 Google Scholar
Grafton, A. and Jardine, L. (1986), From humanism to the humanities. Education and the liberal arts in fifteenth- and sixteenth-century Europe, London
Gray, H.H. (1963), ‘Renaissance humanism: the pursuit of eloquence’, Journal of the History of Ideas 24 Google Scholar
Grendler, P. (1989), Schooling in Renaissance Italy. Literacy and learning, 1300– 1600, Baltimore
Guicciardini, Francesco, Storia d’Italia, ed. Panigada, C., Bari (1929)
Gundersheimer, W.L. (ed.) (1969), French humanism, 1470– 1600, London
Hankins, J. (1990), Plato in the Renaissance, 2 vols., Leiden
Heath, T. (1971), ‘Logical grammar, grammatical logic, and humanism in three German universities’, Studies in the Renaissance 18 Google Scholar
Hoffmeister, G. (ed.) (1977), The Renaissance and Reformation in Germany. An introduction, New York
Holmes, G. (1969), The Florentine Enlightenment, London
Huizinga, J. (1990), The waning of the Middle Ages, London (first published 1924)
Hyma, A. (1965), The Christian Renaissance. A history of the ‘Devotio Moderna’, 2nd edn, Hamden, Conn.
Ijsewijn, J. (1975), ‘The coming of humanism to the Low Countries’, in Oberman, and Brady, (1975)Google Scholar
,Innocent III, De miseria humane conditionis, ed. Maccarrone, M., Lugano (1955)
Karant-Nunn, S. (1990), ‘Alas, a lack: trends in the historiography of pre-university education in early modern Germany’, Renaissance Quarterly 43 Google Scholar
Kelley, D.R. (1988), ‘Humanism and history’, in Rabil, (1988), III Google Scholar
Kohl, B. G. (1992), ‘The changing concept of the studia humanitatis in the early Renaissance’, Renaissance Studies 6 Google Scholar
Kraye, J. (1988), ‘Moral philosophy’, in Schmitt, C., et al (eds.), The Cambridge history of Renaissance philosophy, Cambridge Google Scholar
Kristeller, P.O. (1956), Studies in Renaissance thought and letters, I, Rome
Kristeller, P.O. (1961), ‘Changing views of the intellectual history of the Renaissance since Jacob Burckhardt’, in Helton, T. (ed.), The Renaissance. A reconsideration of the theories and interpretations of the age, Madison, Wis. Google Scholar
Kristeller, P.O. (1963– 1997), Iter italicum. A finding list of uncatalogued or incompletely catalogued humanistic manuscripts of the Renaissance in Italian and other libraries, 6 vols., Leiden and London
Kristeller, P.O. (1964), Eight philosophers of the Italian Renaissance, Stanford
Kristeller, P.O. (1965), ‘The moral thought of Renaissance humanism’, in his Renaissance Thought, II: Papers on humanism and the arts, New York Google Scholar
Kristeller, P.O. (1979a), Renaissance thought and its sources, ed. Mooney, M., New York
Kristeller, P.O. (1979b), ‘Humanism and scholasticism in the Italian Renaissance’, in Kristeller, (1979a)Google Scholar
Kristeller, P.O. (1984), ‘Vita attiva e vita contemplativa in un brano inedito di Bornio da Sala e in San Tommaso d’Aquino’, in Essere e libertà. Studi in onore di Cornelio Fabro, Perugia Google Scholar
Kristeller, P.O. (1985), ‘The active and the contemplative life in Renaissance humanism’, in Vickers, B., (ed.), Arbeit Musse Meditation. Betrachtungen zur Vita Activa und Vita Contemplativa, Zurich Google Scholar
Lawrance, J.N.H. (1990), ‘Humanism in the Iberian peninsula’, in Goodman, and Mackay, (1990)Google Scholar
Leader, D.R. (1988), A history of the University of Cambridge, II: The University to 1546, ed. Brooke, C.N.L., Cambridge
Lefèvre d’Etaples, Jacques, The prefatory epistles of Jacques Lefèvre d’Etaples and related texts, ed. Rice, E.F. Jr, New York (1972)
Levi, A.H.T. (ed.) (1970), Humanism in France at the end of the Middle Ages and in the early Renaissance, Manchester
Lorch, M. (1988), ‘Lorenzo Valla’, in Rabil, (1988), I Google Scholar
Müntz, E. (1889– 1895), Histoire de l’art pendant la Renaissance, 3 vols., Paris
Machiavelli, Niccolò, Il principe e Discorsi, ed. Bertelli, S., Milan (1960)
Mack, P. (1993), Renaissance argument. Valla and Agricola in the traditions of rhetoric and dialectic, Leiden
Manetti, Giannozzo, De dignitate et excellentia hominis, ed. Leonard, E.R., Padua (1975)
Marchesi, C. (1910), ‘Due grammatici latini del medio evo’, Bullettino della società filologica romana 12 Google Scholar
McConica, J. (ed.) (1986), The history of the University of Oxford, III: The Collegiate University, ed. Aston, T.H., Oxford
Mestwerdt, P. (1917), Die Anfänge des Erasmus. Humanismus und ‘Devotio Moderna’, Leipzig
Monfasani, J. (1988), ‘Humanism and rhetoric’, in Rabil, (1988), III Google Scholar
Monfasani, J. (1990), ‘Lorenzo Valla and Rudolph Agricola’, Journal of the History of Philosophy 28 Google Scholar
Najemy, J. (1982), Corporatism and consensus in Florentine electoral politics, 1280– 1400, Chapel Hill, N.C.
Nauert, C.G. Jr (1973), ‘The clash of humanists and scholastics: an approach to pre-Reformation controversies’, Sixteenth Century Journal 4 Google Scholar
Nauert, C.G. Jr (1986), ‘The humanist challenge to medieval German culture’, Daphnis: Zeitschrift fur mittlere deutsche Literatur 15 Google Scholar
Nauert, C.G. Jr (1990), ‘Humanist infiltration into the academic world: some studies of northern universities’, Renaissance Quarterly 43 Google Scholar
Nauert, C.G. Jr (1995), Humanism and the culture of Renaissance Europe, Cambridge
Oberman, H.A. and Brady, T.A. Jr (eds.) (1975), Itinerarium italicum. The profile of the Italian Renaissance in the mirror of its European transformations, Leiden
Ong, W.J. (1958), Ramus, method, and the decay of dialogue, Cambridge, Mass.
Overfield, J.H. (1984), Humanism and scholasticism in late medieval Germany, Princeton
Panofsky, E. (1939), Studies in iconology, Oxford
Percival, W.K. (1972), ‘The historical sources of Guarino’s Regulae grammaticales: a reconsideration of Sabbadini’s evidence’, in Tarugi, G. (ed.), Civiltà dell’umanesimo, Florence Google Scholar
Percival, W.K. (1975), ‘The grammatical tradition and the rise of the vernaculars’, in Sebeok, T.A., (ed.), Current trends in linguistics, II: Historiography of linguistics, The Hague Google Scholar
Percival, W.K. (1976), ‘Renaissance grammar: rebellion or evolution?’, in Tarugi, G., (ed.), Interrogativi dell’umanesimo, Florence, II Google Scholar
Percival, W.K. (1978), ‘Textual problems in the Latin grammar of Guarino Veronese’, Res publica litterarum 1 Google Scholar
Percival, W.K. (1981), ‘The place of the Rudimenta grammatices in the history of Latin grammar’, Res publica litterarum 4 Google Scholar
Percival, W.K. (1988), ‘Renaissance grammar’, in Rabil, (1988), III Google Scholar
Petrarch, Francesco, Prose, ed. Martellotti, G., Ricci, P.G., Carrara, E., and Bianchi, E., Milan and Naples (1955)
Phillips, M.M. (1949), Erasmus and the northern Renaissance, London
Pico della Mirandola, Giovanni, De hominis dignitate, ed. Garin, E., Florence (1942)
Poliziano, Angelo, Prose volgari inedite e poesie latine e greche edite e inedite, ed. Del, I., Lungo, Florence (1867)
Pontano, Giovanni, I dialoghi, ed. Previtera, C., Florence (1943)
Post, R.R. (1968), The Modern Devotion. Confrontation with Reformation and humanism, Leiden
Rabil, A. Jr (ed.) (1988), Renaissance humanism. Foundations, forms and legacy, 3 vols., Philadelphia
Rabil, A. (ed.), Renaissance humanism:foundations, forms, and legay, Philadelphia (1988), III.
Renan, E. (1884), ‘St François d’Assise’, in his Nouvelles études d’histoire religieuse, Paris Google Scholar
Renaudet, A. (1953), Préréforme et humanisme à Paris pendant les premières guerres d’Italie (1494– 1517), 2nd edn, Paris
Ricciardi, R. (1990), ‘Pietro del Riccio Baldi (Crinitus Petrus)’, in Dizionario biografico degli Italiani, Rome, XXXVIII Google Scholar
Rice, E. F. (1958), The Renaissance idea of wisdom, Cambridge, Mass.
Rinuccini, Alamanno, Lettere ed orazioni, ed. Giustiniani, V.R., Florence (1953)
Rizzo, S. (1986), ‘Il latino nell’Umanesimo’, in Rosa, A.A. (ed.), Letteratura italiana, II: Le questioni, Turin Google Scholar
Rizzo, S. (1990), ‘Petrarca, il latino e il volgare’, Quaderni petrarcheschi 7 Google Scholar
Rizzo, S. and Nonno, M. (1997), ‘In margine a una recente edizione di versi grammaticali del Valla’, in Filologia umanistica. Per Gianvito Resta, Padua Google Scholar
Ross, J.B. and McLaughlin, M.M. (eds.), The portable Renaissance reader, New York (1953)
Rubinstein, N. (1982), ‘Political theories in the Renaissance’, in Chastel, A., et al., The Renaissance. Essays in interpretation, London Google Scholar
Sabbadini, R. (1905– 1914), Le scoperte dei codici latini e greci ne’ secoli XIV e XV, 2 vols., Florence
Salutati, Coluccio, Epistolario, ed. Novati, F., 4 vols., Rome (1891– 1905)
Salutati, Coluccio, Il trattato ‘De tyranno’ e lettere scelte, ed. Ercole, F., Bologna (1942)
Santini, E. (1910), ‘Leonardo Bruni Aretino e i suoi “Historiarum Florentini populi libri xii”’, Annali della R. Scuola, Normale Superiore di Pisa, Filosofia e filologia, 22 Google Scholar
Scala, Bartolomeo, Historia Florentinorum, ed. Oligerus, J., Rome (1677)
Schmitt, C. T. (1983), Aristotle and the Renaissance, Cambridge, Mass.
Schmitt, W.O. (1969), ‘Die Ianua (Donatus) – ein Beitrag zur lateinischen Schulgrammatik des Mittelalters und der Renaissance’, Beiträge zur Inkunabelkunde, Dritte Folge, 4 Google Scholar
Seigel, J.E. (1969), ‘The teaching of Argyropoulos and the rhetoric of the first humanists’, in Rabb, T.K., and Seigel, J.E., (eds.), Action and conviction in early modern Europe, Princeton Google Scholar
Sforza, G. (1884), ‘La patria, la famiglia ed la giovinezza di papa Niccolò V’, Atti della Reale Accademia Lucchese di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti 2 3 Google Scholar
Simone, F. (1969), The French Renaissance. Medieval tradition and Italian influence in shaping the Renaissance in France, London
Skinner, Q. (1978), The foundations of modern political thought, I: The Renaissance, Cambridge
Skinner, Q. (1990), ‘Machiavelli’s Discorsi and the pre-humanist origins of republican ideas’, in Bock, , Skinner, and Viroli, (1990)Google Scholar
Smalley, B. (1960), English friars and Antiquity in the early fourteenth century, Oxford
Smalley, B. (1974), Historians in the Middle Ages, London
Solerti, A. (ed.), Le vite di Dante, Petrarca e. Boccaccio, scritte fino al secolo XVI, Milan (1904)
Spaventa, B. (1867), Rinascimento, riforma, controriforma, Naples
Spaventa, B. (1908), La filosofia italiana nelle sue relazioni con la filosofia europea, Bari
Spitz, L. W. (1975), ‘The course of German humanism’, in Oberman, and Brady, (1975)Google Scholar
Spitz, L.W. (1957), Conrad Celtis, the German arch-humanist, Cambridge, Mass.
Spitz, L.W. (1963), The religious Renaissance of the German humanists, Cambridge, Mass.
Spitz, L.W. (1988), ‘Humanism and the Protestant Reformation’, in Rabil, (1988), III Google Scholar
Stephens, J.N. (1986), ‘Machiavelli’s Prince and the Florentine revolution of 1512’, Italian Studies 41 Google Scholar
Strauss, G. (ed.) (1972), Pre-Reformation Germany, London
Symonds, J.A. (1875– 1886), Renaissance in Italy, 7 vols., London
Taine, H. (1866), Philosophie de l’art en Italie, Paris
Tavoni, M. (1984), Latino, grammatica, volgare. Storia di una questione umanistica, Padua
The Cambridge history of Renaissance philosophy, ed. Schmitt, C.B., et al., Cambridge (1988)
Thode, H. (1885), Franz von Assisi und die Anfänge der Kunst der Renaissance in Italien, Berlin
Thomson, I. (1966), ‘Manuel Chrysoloras and the early Italian Renaissance’, Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies 7 Google Scholar
Traversari, Ambrogio, Epistolae, ed. Caneto, P., and Mehus, L., Florence (1759)
Trinkaus, C. (1940), Adversity’s noblemen, New York
Trinkaus, C. (1970), In our image and likeness. Humanity and divinity in Italian humanist thought, 2 vols., London
Trinkaus, C. (1983), The scope of Renaissance humanism, Ann Arbor
Trinkaus, C. (1988), ‘Humanism and scholastic theology’, in Rabil, (1988), III Google Scholar
Ullman, B.L. (1955), Studies in the Italian Renaissance, Rome
Ullman, B.L. (1960), The origin and development of humanistic script, Rome
Ullman, B.L. and Stadter, P.A. (1972), The public library of Renaissance Florence. Niccolò Niccoli, Cosimo de’ Medici and San Marco, Padua
Valla, Lorenzo, Collatio Novi Testamenti, ed. Perosa, A., Florence (1970)
Valla, Lorenzo, De libero arbitrio, ed. Anfossi, M., Florence (1934)
Valla, Lorenzo, De vero falsoque bono, ed. Lorch, M., Bari (1970)
Valla, Lorenzo, Elegantiarum latinae linguae libri sex, in his Opera, Basle (1540)
Valla, Lorenzo, In Latinam Novi Testamenti intepretationem ex collatione Graecorum exemplarium Adnotationes apprime utiles, ed. Erasmus, D., Paris (1505)
Vasoli, C. (1988), ‘The Renaissance concept of philosophy’, in Schmitt, C., et al. (eds.), The Cambridge history of Renaissance philosophy, Cambridge Google Scholar
Vergerio, Pier Paolo, De ingenuis moribus et liberalibus adolescentiae studiis, ed. Miani, C., Atti e memorie della Società istriana di archeologia e storia patria, new series, 20– 1 (1972– 1973)
Veronese, Guarino, Epistolario, ed. Sabbadini, R., 3 vols., Venice (1915– 1919)
VespasianoBisticci, , Le vite, ed. Greco, A., Florence (1970– 1976)
Villari, P. (1877– 1882), Niccolò Machiavelli e i suoi tempi, 2 vols., Florence
Walker, D. P. (1972), The ancient theology. Studies in Christian Platonism from the fifteenth to the eighteenth century, London
Weiss, R. (1941), Humanism in England during the fifteenth century, Oxford
Weiss, R. (1969a), ‘The dawn of humanism in Italy’, Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research 42 (first published 1947)Google Scholar
Weiss, R. (1969b), The Renaissance discovery of classical Antiquity, Oxford
Witt, R. G. (1971), ‘The rebirth of the concept of republican liberty in Italy’, in Molho, A., and Tedeschi, J.A., (eds.), Renaissance studies in honor of Hans Baron, Florence Google Scholar
Witt, R.G. (1976), Coluccio Salutati and his public letters, Geneva
Witt, R.G. (1982), ‘Medieval Ars dictaminis and the beginnings of humanism: a new construction of the problem’, Renaissance Quarterly 35 Google Scholar
Witt, R.G. (1983), Hercules at the crossroads. The life, works, and thought of Coluccio Salutati, Durham, NC.
Witt, R.G. (1988), ‘Medieval Italian culture and the origins of humanism as a stylistic ideal’, in Rabil, (1988), I Google Scholar
Yates, F. (1964), Giordano Bruno and the Hermetic tradition, London

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • Humanism
  • Edited by Christopher Allmand, University of Liverpool
  • Book: The New Cambridge Medieval History
  • Online publication: 28 March 2008
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521382960.013
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • Humanism
  • Edited by Christopher Allmand, University of Liverpool
  • Book: The New Cambridge Medieval History
  • Online publication: 28 March 2008
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521382960.013
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Humanism
  • Edited by Christopher Allmand, University of Liverpool
  • Book: The New Cambridge Medieval History
  • Online publication: 28 March 2008
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521382960.013
Available formats
×