to fourteenth-century visitors from north of the Pyrenees the Spanish peninsula remained what it had always been, the land that persisted in disregarding western Europe’s familiar categories and disappointing its reasonable expectations. In 1341, when Philip of Evreux, king of Navarre, set out from northern France – the usual haunt of fourteenth-century kings of Navarre – to assist Alfonso XI of Castile in wresting Algeciras from the Moors, the authorities at Tudela – his authorities – naturally enough made a financial contribution. But they also spent money on ensuring that their Christian king’s crusading army should not disturb the peace and quiet of his Moorish subjects there. In the same spirit, in 1357 Philip’s son, Carlos II, petitioned Pere III of Aragon on behalf of two of his mudéjar subjects en route for Mecca. Although a flagrant breach of the prohibition decreed at the general council of Vienne, his intervention was not exceptional. Twelve years later, even further into Christian Spain, while the ‘crusading’ Enrique II was hunting down his half-brother Pedro I, the vicar-general of the bishop of Burgos had a group of non-tithepayers to deal with, which was not exceptional either – except that these defaulters were all reported to be ‘Moors of the said city’.