Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Introduction
- PART I THE ONSET OF WESTERN DOMINATION C. 1800 TO C. 1919
- 1 The Ottoman lands to the post-First World War settlement
- 2 Egypt to c. 1919
- 3 Sudan, Somalia and the Maghreb to the end of the First World War
- 4 Arabia to the end of the First World War
- 5 Iran to 1919
- 6 Russia, Central Asia and the Caucasus to 1917
- 7 Afghanistan to 1919
- 8 South Asia to 1919
- 9 South-East Asia and China to 1910
- 10 Africa south of the Sahara to the First World War
- PART II INDEPENDENCE AND REVIVAL C. 1919 TO THE PRESENT
- Glossary
- Bibliography
- Index
- References
3 - Sudan, Somalia and the Maghreb to the end of the First World War
from PART I - THE ONSET OF WESTERN DOMINATION C. 1800 TO C. 1919
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 March 2011
- Frontmatter
- Introduction
- PART I THE ONSET OF WESTERN DOMINATION C. 1800 TO C. 1919
- 1 The Ottoman lands to the post-First World War settlement
- 2 Egypt to c. 1919
- 3 Sudan, Somalia and the Maghreb to the end of the First World War
- 4 Arabia to the end of the First World War
- 5 Iran to 1919
- 6 Russia, Central Asia and the Caucasus to 1917
- 7 Afghanistan to 1919
- 8 South Asia to 1919
- 9 South-East Asia and China to 1910
- 10 Africa south of the Sahara to the First World War
- PART II INDEPENDENCE AND REVIVAL C. 1919 TO THE PRESENT
- Glossary
- Bibliography
- Index
- References
Summary
Two trends dominate the history of North and north-eastern Africa in the nineteenth century. One is the growing interference of European powers in the internal workings of the Muslim states. The other is the development of Islamic reform, in part as a reaction to the challenges of the European presence, in part indigenous and often pre-dating any European influence. Some of these reformist trends paved the way for the integration of Muslim societies into the colonial ‘modernity’, while others, intentionally or not, became vehicles for intellectual or political resistance to pressures from outside.
Some historians have seen these indigenous reform movements as local emanations of the Wahhābī movement of Arabia. However, most of them had little or no connection to the Wahhābiyya. It would rather seem that a less radical but profound milieu for intellectual reform in Morocco in the later eighteenth century played an important role, as many of these movements, as far away as in Somalia, had their intellectual roots in this milieu. Less inclined than the Wahhābīs to call other Muslims infidels and often linked to Sufi movements, these reformists called for a renewal in legal development (ijtihād) and rejected the absolute authority of the established opinions in the schools of law (madhhabs). Although not initially concerned with politics, many of them became focuses for militant mobilisation when the historical moment called for it.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- The New Cambridge History of Islam , pp. 107 - 133Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2010