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5 - The rise of Islam, 600–705

from PART II - UNIVERSALISM AND IMPERIALISM

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 March 2011

By
Chase Robinson
Edited by
Chase F. Robinson
Chase F. Robinson
Affiliation:
The Graduate Center, The City University of New York
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Summary

The first Islamic century began in 622 of the Common Era with the hijra (Hegira), Muḥammad’s ‘emigration’ from Mecca to the town of Yathrib, which lies about 275 miles to the north. As we shall see, the event was a turning-point in Muḥammad’s life: delivered from the pagan opposition of the city of his birth, he was free to preach, teach and lead in Yathrib so successfully that he remained there until his death in 632. In time it would even come to be called ‘the Prophet’s city’ or ‘the city’ (Medina) tout court. The hijra thus marked a new beginning for Muḥammad and his followers. It also illustrates a striking feature of Islamic history. For Muḥammad’s decision to leave Mecca was in purpose both deeply religious and deeply political.

On the one hand, he and those who believed in his prophecy were escaping polytheist intolerance towards his uncompromising monotheism. They were making their way to a town where, as the Qurʿān seems to show, Muḥammad’s ideas about God, man, this World and the Next, would evolve and sharpen, in part because he came into contact with the town’s Jews, and in part because as Muslim numbers grew, so, too, did their demands upon him.

Keywords

early Islamic traditioncivil warArab caliphsQuranSecond FitnaMuhammad's teachingsMeccahijra-makersMarwanid revolutionHijaz monotheism
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The New Cambridge History of Islam , pp. 171 - 225
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

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