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6 - Iran under Safavid rule

from PART II - THE GUNPOWDER EMPIRES

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 March 2011

By
Sholeh Quinn
Edited by
David O. Morgan  and
Anthony Reid
David O. Morgan
Affiliation:
University of Wisconsin, Madison
Anthony Reid
Affiliation:
National University of Singapore
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Summary

Safavid origins

The Safavid dynasty traces its origins to a fourteenth-century Sufi order established in the northern Iranian city of Ardabīl, located in the province of Azerbaijan (see Map 5). Iran at this time was witnessing one of its not so uncommon periods of political fragmentation and decentralisation, and control of Ardabīl was in the hands of either the post-Ilkhanid Mongol Jalayirids or Turcoman Aq Qoyunlus. As a result of the Mongols placing increasing importance on Tabrīz, and transferring the capital to Sulṭāniyya, both in northern Iran, Azerbaijan was increasingly becoming an important Islamic centre. In Ardabīl, the eponymous founder of the Safaviyya ṭarīqa, Shaykh Ṣafī al-Dīn Iṣḥaq Ardabīlī (650–735/1252–1334) and his followers lived what approximated to a ‘typical’ Sufi existence. Even during his lifetime, Shaykh Ṣafī was highly respected and well known in Ardabīl. Adepts of the Safaviyya order, according to Ibn Bazzāz’s massive hagiographical source, the Ṣafvat al-ṣafā, written during the lifetime of Shaykh Ṣafī’s son and successor, Shaykh Ṣadr al-Dīn Mūsā, engaged in prayer, fasting, dhikr sessions and other activities. Ibn Bazzāz narrates the many miraculous events of Shaykh Ṣafī’s life, all designed to portray him as a devout and pious Sufi. The Safaviyya was just one of many Sufi orders that flourished in post-Mongol Iran and Anatolia.

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The New Cambridge History of Islam , pp. 201 - 238
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

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To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

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Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

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