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Chapter 28 - The Neuroscience of Functional Neurosurgery

from Section 2 - Clinical Neurosurgical Diseases

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 January 2024

By
Joseph S. Bell ,
T. J. Florence ,
Maya Harary ,
Maxwell D. Melin ,
Hiro Sparks  and
Nader Pouratian
Edited by
Farhana Akter ,
Nigel Emptage ,
Florian Engert  and
Mitchel S. Berger
Farhana Akter
Affiliation:
Harvard University, Massachusetts
Nigel Emptage
Affiliation:
University of Oxford
Florian Engert
Affiliation:
Harvard University, Massachusetts
Mitchel S. Berger
Affiliation:
University of California, San Francisco
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Summary

Functional neurosurgery is the branch of neurosurgery that seeks to restore or improve neurologic function by manipulation of neural activity. Here we provide a brief review of the pathobiology of the disease processes functional neurosurgery addresses: movement disorders including Parkinson’s disease, essential tremor, and dystonia, epilepsy, chronic pain, and psychiatric diseases including obsessive compulsive disorder, depression, and addiction. We also review emerging applications of neurosurgical techniques including deep brain stimulation not yet prevalent in clinical practice including brain–computer interfaces and disorders of consciousness. Finally, we discuss emerging technology likely to be useful in this rapidly advancing field, including high-density neural recordings, gene therapy, optogenetics, and stem-cell therapy.

Type
Chapter
Information
Neuroscience for Neurosurgeons , pp. 369 - 381
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

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