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Chapter 7 - Prognostication in Cardiac Arrest

from Part I - Disease-Specific Prognostication

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 November 2024

By
Tobias Cronberg  and
Andrea O. Rossetti
Edited by
David M. Greer  and
Neha S. Dangayach
David M. Greer
Affiliation:
Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center
Neha S. Dangayach
Affiliation:
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and Mount Sinai Health System
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Summary

The global incidence of cardiac arrest (CA) outside of the hospital setting is roughly 100/100,000 person/years, but there is substantial variation between countries and continents.[1] A coronary artery occlusion is the most common cause, but CA may also be caused by a primary arrhythmia, other cardiac diseases, or be secondary to a noncardiac cause such as hypoxia or asphyxia;[2] opiate drug overdose may account for several cases, especially in the United States. Survival rates have increased during the last few decades, and approximate 10% in Europe [3] and the United States.[4] A cardiac arrest leads to an immediate interruption of perfusion of all body organs including the brain (no flow). Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) will partly restore circulation (low flow), and rapid institution of bystander CPR is the most important modifiable factor for survival.[5] During the period of “no” and “low” flow until the restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), the brain and all other organs are exposed to global ischemia.

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Information
Neuroprognostication in Critical Care , pp. 109 - 125
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

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