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Chapter 14 - EEG Monitoring in Neonates and Children Undergoing Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

from Part IV - Practice of Neuromonitoring: Cardiac Intensive Care Unit

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 September 2022

By
Jainn-Jim Lin ,
Sarah Welsh ,
Alexis A. Topjian  and
Nicholas S. Abend
Edited by
Cecil D. Hahn  and
Courtney J. Wusthoff
Cecil D. Hahn
Affiliation:
The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto
Courtney J. Wusthoff
Affiliation:
Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford University
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Summary

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a temporary cardiopulmonary support for neonates and children with potentially reversible cardiopulmonary disorders. Patients requiring ECMO support are at risk for brain injury due to pre-ECMO medical conditions, ECMO cannula placement in the carotid artery and internal jugular vessels, and complications arising during ECMO. Acute brain injury may result in acute symptomatic seizures. Clinical and electrographic seizures are common in neonates and children undergoing ECMO. At the same time, the majority of seizures during ECMO are subclinical, and can only be diagnosed through continuous EEG monitoring. Thus, recent consensus statements have recommended increasing use of continuous EEG monitoring (cEEG) during ECMO in neonates and children. This chapter reviews the available data regarding seizure incidence, risk factors, and outcomes in neonates and children requiring ECMO support.

Keywords

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)EEGseizurecEEG
Type
Chapter
Information
Neuromonitoring in Neonatal and Pediatric Critical Care , pp. 181 - 188
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

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References

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