Recent positive Genome-wide association (GWA) studies of stroke, amyotropic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis (MS), autism and Parkinson's disease have begun to provide an extensive new list of genes potentially involved in the pathogenesis of these common disorders. This chapter relates to an improved understanding of the basic genetic mechanisms underlying neurogenetic diseases, healthcare providers and the field of neurogenetic diseases. It deals with clinical diagnostic genetic testing and the treatment of neurogenetic diseases. The chapter predicts a better understanding of the genetic control of human behavior. Recognizing that our genetic background plays an important role in the human behaviors should not ignore the recognition that environmental and social factors are also clearly involved. The nature versus nurture argument is simplistic and unproductive. Identifying both kinds of influences and understanding their interactions will pave the way for improvement in some of the most basic activities of human life.