Book contents
- The Neuroethics of Memory
- The Neuroethics of Memory
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Contents
- Figures
- Acknowledgments
- Introduction
- 1 Memory Systems and Memory Stages
- 2 Agency, Identity and Dementia
- 3 Anesthesia, Amnesia and Recall
- 4 Disorders of Memory Content and Interventions
- 5 Disorders of Memory Capacity and Interventions
- 6 Legal Issues Involving Memory
- Epilogue
- References
- Index
- References
References
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 18 July 2019
Book contents
- The Neuroethics of Memory
- The Neuroethics of Memory
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Contents
- Figures
- Acknowledgments
- Introduction
- 1 Memory Systems and Memory Stages
- 2 Agency, Identity and Dementia
- 3 Anesthesia, Amnesia and Recall
- 4 Disorders of Memory Content and Interventions
- 5 Disorders of Memory Capacity and Interventions
- 6 Legal Issues Involving Memory
- Epilogue
- References
- Index
- References
Summary
A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- The Neuroethics of MemoryFrom Total Recall to Oblivion, pp. 202 - 224Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2019
References
Abel, T., Martin, K., Bartsch, D. and Kandel, E. (1998). Memory suppressor genes: inhibitory constraints on the storage of long-term memory. Science 279: 338–341.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Absalom, A. and Mason, K. (eds.). (2017). Total Intravenous Anesthesia and Target Controlled Infusions. Berlin: Springer.Google Scholar
Adams, F. and Aizawa, K. (2010). Defending the bounds of cognition. In Menary, , 67–80.Google Scholar
Addis, D. R. and Schacter, D. (2012). The hippocampus and imagining the future: where do we stand? Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 5: 173. doi: 103389/fnhuman.2-11.00173.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Agar, N. (2014). Truly Human Enhancement: A Philosophical Debate of Limits. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Agren, T., Engman, J., Frick, A., Bjorkstrand, J., Larsson, E.-M., Furmark, T. et al. (2012). Disruption of reconsolidation erases a fear memory trace in the human amygdala. Science 337: 1550–1552.Google Scholar
Aharoni, E., Vincent, G., Harenski, C., Calhoun, V., Sinnott-Armstrong, W., Gazzaniga, M. et al. (2013). Neuroprediction of future re-arrest. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 41: 6223–6228.Google Scholar
Akers, K., Martinez-Canabal, A., Restivo, L., Yiu, A., De Cristofaro, A., Hsiang, H.-L. et al. (2014). Hippocampal neurogenesis regulates forgetting during adulthood and infancy. Science 344: 598–602.Google Scholar
Alberini, C. (ed.). (2013). Memory Reconsolidation. Amsterdam: Elsevier.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aldehri, M., Temel, Y., Alnaami, I., Jahanshahi, A. and Hescham, S. (2018). Deep brain stimulation for Alzheimer’s disease: an update. Surgical Neurology International 9: 58. doi: 10.4103/sni.342.17.Google Scholar
Alkire, M., Hudetz, A. and Tononi, G. (2008). Consciousness and anesthesia. Science 322: 876–880.Google Scholar
Allison, S., Fagan, A., Morris, J. and Head, D. (2016). Spatial navigation in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease 52: 77–90.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar
Anderson, M. (2014). Neural mechanisms of motivated forgetting. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 18: 279–293.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anderson, M., Ochsner, K., Kuhl, B., Cooper, J., Robertson, E., Gabriel, S. et al. (2004). Neural systems underlying the suppression of unwanted memories. Science 303: 232–235.Google Scholar
Anonymous. (2015). On being a doctor: our family secrets. Annals of Internal Medicine 163: 321.Google Scholar
Apkarian, A., Baliki, M. and Geha, P. (2009). Towards a theory of chronic pain. Progress in Neurobiology 87: 81–97.Google Scholar
Aristotle, . (1984). On Memory and Recollection. In The Complete Works of Aristotle, Revised Oxford Translation, Volume 1, trans. and ed. Barnes, Jonathan. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Augustine, . (2008). Confessions, trans. Chadwick, H.. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Avidan, M. and Mashour, G. (2013). The incidence of intra-operative awareness in the UK: under the rate or under the radar? Anaesthesia 68: 334–338.Google Scholar
Avidan, M., Mashour, G. and Glick, D. (2009). Prevention of awareness during general anesthesia. F1000 Medicine Reports 1: 9. doi: 10.3410/MI-9.Google Scholar
Avidan, M., Jacobsohn, M., Glick, D., Burnside, B., Zhang, L., Villafranca, A. et al. (2011). Prevention of intraoperative awareness in a high-risk surgical population. New England Journal of Medicine 365: 591–600.Google Scholar
Baars, B. (1988). A Cognitive Theory of Consciousness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Baddeley, A. (2003). Working memory: looking backward and looking forward. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 4: 829–839.Google Scholar
Baddeley, A. (2007). Working Memory, Thought and Action. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baker, L. R. (2013). Naturalism and the First-Person Perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Barak, S., Liu, F., Hamida, S., Yowell, Q., Neasta, J., Kharazia, V. et al. (2013). Disruption of alcohol-related memories by mTORC1 inhibition prevents relapse. Nature Neuroscience 16: 1111–1117.Google Scholar
Bartlett, F. (1932). Remembering: A Study in Experimental and Social Psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bashford, L. and Mehring, C. (2016). Ownership and agency of an independent supernumerary hand induced by an imitation brain–computer interface. PLoS One 11: e0156591. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156591.Google Scholar
Bassetti, C. (2009). Sleepwalking (somnambulism): dissociation between “body sleep” and “mind sleep.” In Laureys, and Tononi, , 108–117.Google Scholar
Beauchamp, T. and Childress, J. (2012). Principles of Biomedical Ethics, seventh edition. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Bejanin, A., Schonhaut, D., La Joie, R., Kramer, J., Baker, S., Sosa, N. et al. (2017). Tau pathology and neurodegeneration contribute to cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease. Brain 140: 3286–3300.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Belavusau, U. and Gliszczynska-Grabias, A. (eds.). (2018). Law and Memory: Towards Legal Governance of History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Berger, T., Hampson, R., Song, D., Goonawardena, A., Marmarelis, V. and Deadwyler, S. (2011). A cortical neural prosthesis for restoring and enhancing memory. Journal of Neural Engineering 8: 046017. doi: 10.1088/1741-2560/8/4/046017.Google Scholar
Bernecker, S. and Michaelian, K. (eds.). (2017). The Routledge Handbook of the Philosophy of Memory. New York: Taylor & Francis.Google Scholar
Bernstein, D. and Loftus, E. (2009). How to tell if a particular memory is true or false. Perspectives on Psychological Science 4: 370–374.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bigelow, H. (1850). Dr. Harlow’s case of recovery from the passage of an iron bar through the head. American Journal of the Medical Sciences 20: 13–22.Google Scholar
Bilalic, M. (2016). Revisiting the role of the fusiform face area in expertise. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 28: 1345–1357.Google Scholar
Bjorkstrand, J., Agren, T., Ahs, F., Frick, A., Larsson, E.-M., Hjorth, O. et al. (2016). Disrupting reconsolidation attenuates long-term fear memory in the human amygdala and facilitates approach behavior. Current Biology 26: 2690–2695.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blanke, O., Landis, T., Spinelli, L. and Seeck, M. (2004). Out-of-body experience and autoscopy of neurological origin. Brain 127: 243–258.Google Scholar
Block, N. (1995). On a confusion about a function of consciousness. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18: 227–287.Google Scholar
Block, N. (2007). Consciousness, accessibility and the mesh between psychology and neuroscience. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30: 481–499.Google Scholar
Blumenfeld, H. (2009). The neurological examination of consciousness. In Laureys, and Tononi, , 15–30.Google Scholar
Blustein, J. (2008). The Moral Demands of Memory. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Borjigin, J., Lee, U., Liu, T., Pal, D., Huff, S., Klarr, P. et al. (2013). Surge of neurophysiological evidence and connectivity in the dying brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110: 14432–14437.Google Scholar
Bostrom, N. and Sandberg, A. (2009). Cognitive enhancement: methods, ethics, regulatory challenges. Science and Engineering Ethics 15: 311–341.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Broca, P. (1861). Remarques sur le siege de la faculte du langage articule, suivies d’une observation d’aphemie (perte de la parole). Bulletin de la Societe Anatomique 6: 330–357.Google Scholar
Broughton, R., Billings, R., Cartwright, R., Doucette, D., Edmeads, J., Edwardh, M. et al. (1994). Homicidal somnambulism: a case report. Sleep 17: 253–264.Google Scholar
Bublitz, C. and Dresler, M. (2014). A duty to remember, a right to forget? Memory manipulations and the law. In Clausen, and Levy, , 1279–1307.Google Scholar
Bublitz, C. and Merkel, R. (2014). Crimes against minds: on mental manipulations, harms and a human right to mental self-determination. Criminal Law and Philosophy 8: 51–77.Google Scholar
Buchanan, A. and Brock, D. (1990). Deciding for Others: The Ethics of Surrogate Decision Making. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bulach, R., Myles, P. and Russnak, M. (2005). Double-blind randomized controlled trial to determine extent of amnesia with midazolam given immediately before general anaesthesia. British Journal of Anaesthesia 94: 300–305.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buzsaki, G. and Moser, E. (2013). Memory, navigation and the theta rhythm in the hippocampal-entorhinal system. Nature Neuroscience 16: 130–137.Google Scholar
Cabeza, R., Nyberg, L. and Park, D. (eds.). (2005). Cognitive Neuroscience of Aging: Linking Cognitive and Cerebral Aging. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Camille, N. (2004). The involvement of the orbitofrontal cortex in the experience of regret. Science 304: 1167–1170.Google Scholar
Campbell, S. (2014). Our Faithfulness to the Past: The Ethics and Politics of Memory, ed. Koggel, C. and Jacobsen, R.. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Cartwright, N., Cat, J., Fleck, L. and Uebel, T. (eds.). (1996). Otto Neurath: Philosophy between Science and Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Casali, A., Gosseries, O., Rosanova, M., Boly, M., Sarasso, S., Casali, K. et al. (2013). A theoretically based index of consciousness independent of sensory processing and behavior. Science Translational Medicine 198: 105. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3006294.Google Scholar
Cassell, E. (2004). The Nature of Suffering and the Goals of Medicine, second edition. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Castrioto, A., Lhommee, E., Moro, E. and Krack, P. (2013). Mood and behavioral effects of subthalamic stimulation in Parkinson’s disease. Lancet Neurology 13: 287–305.Google Scholar
Cheng, J. and Ji, D. (2013). Rigid firing sequences undermine spatial memory codes in a neurodegenerative mouse model. eLife 2: e00647. doi: 10: 7554/wLife.00647.Google Scholar
Christophel, T., Klink, P., Spitzer, B., Roelfsema, P. and Haynes, J.-D. (2017). The distributed nature of working memory. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 21: 111–124.Google Scholar
Cima, M., Nijman, H., Merckelbach, H., Kremer, K. and Hollnack, S. (2004). Claims of crime-related amnesia in forensic patients. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 27: 215–221.Google Scholar
Clausen, J. and Levy, N. (eds.). (2014). Handbook of Neuroethics. Dordrecht: Springer.Google Scholar
Cole-Adams, K. (2017). Anaesthesia: The Gift of Oblivion and the Mystery of Consciousness. Melbourne: Text Publishing.Google Scholar
Corkin, S. (2013). Permanent Present Tense: The Unforgettable Life of the Amnesic Patient, H.M. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Craver, C., Kwan, D., Steindam, C. and Rosenbaum, R. (2014). Individuals with episodic amnesia are not stuck in time. Neuropsychologia 57: 191–195.Google Scholar
Crick, F. and Koch, C. (2003). A framework for consciousness. Nature Neuroscience 6: 119–126.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Damasio, A. and Geschwind, N. (1984). The neural basis of language. Annual Review of Neuroscience 7: 127–147.Google Scholar
Damasio, H., Grabowski, T., Frank, R., Galaburda, A. and Damasio, A. (1994). The return of Phineas Gage: clues about the brain from the skull of a famous patient. Science 264: 1102–1105.Google Scholar
Davidson, D. (2001). Essays on Actions and Events, second edition. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Davis, D. (Deborah) and Loftus, E. (2012). Inconsistencies between law and the limits of human cognition: the case of eyewitness identification. In Nadel, and Sinnott-Armstrong, , 29–58.Google Scholar
Davis, D. (Dena). (2014). Alzheimer disease and pre-emptive suicide. Journal of Medical Ethics 40: 543–549.Google Scholar
Davis, J. (2018). New Methuselahs: The Ethics of Life Extension. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Davis, N. and van Koningsbruggen, M. (2013). “Non-invasive” brain stimulation is not non-invasive. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience 7: 76. doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2013.00076.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Brigard, F. (2013). Is memory for remembering? recollection as a form of episodic hypothetical thinking. Synthese 190: 1–31.Google Scholar
De Brigard, F. (2017). Memory and imagination. In Bernecker, and Michaelian, , 127–140.Google Scholar
De Brigard, F., Addis, D. R., Ford, J., Schacter, D. and Giovanello, K. (2013). Remembering what could have happened: neural correlates of episodic counterfactual thinking. Neuropsychologia 51: 2401–2414.Google Scholar
Deeprose, C. and Andrade, J. (2006). Is priming during anesthesia unconscious? Consciousness and Cognition 15: 1–23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
DeGrazia, D. (2000). Prozac, enhancement and self-creation. Hastings Center Report 30(2): 34–40.Google Scholar
DeGrazia, D. (2005). Enhancement technologies and human identity. Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 30: 261–283.Google Scholar
de Grey, A. (2004a). Escape velocity: why the prospect of extreme life extension matters now. PLoS Biology 2: 723–726.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Grey, A. (2004b). Three self-evident life-extension truths. Rejuvenation Research 7: 165–167.Google Scholar
Dehaene, S. and Naccache, L. (2001). Towards a cognitive neuroscience of consciousness: basic evidence and a workspace framework. Cognition 79: 1–37.Google Scholar
Dehaene, S. and Changeux, J.-P. (2011). Experimental and theoretical approaches to conscious processing. Neuron 70: 200–227.Google Scholar
Deisseroth, K., Etkin, A. and Malenka, R. (2015). Optogenetics and the circuit dynamics of psychiatric disease. Journal of the American Medical Association 313: 2019–2020.Google Scholar
De Lavilleon, G., Lacroix, M., Rondi-Reig, L. and Benchenane, K. (2015). Explicit memory creation during sleep demonstrates a causal role of place cells in navigation. Nature Neuroscience 18: 493–495.Google Scholar
De Marco, M. and Venneri, A. (2018). Volume and connectivity of the ventral tegmental area are linked to neurocognitive signatures of Alzheimer’s disease in humans. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease 63: 167–180.Google Scholar
Demertzi, A. and Laureys, S. (2012). Where in the brain is pain? Evaluating painful experiences in non-communicative patients. In Richmond, , Rees, and Edwards, , 89–98.Google Scholar
Deng, Z.-D., Lisanby, S. and Peterchev, A (2013). Electric field depth-focality trade off in transcranial magnetic stimulation: simulation comparison of 50 coil designs. Brain Stimulation 6: 1–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Ridder, D., Vanneste, S. Gillett, G., Manning, P., Glue, P. and Langguth, B. (2016). Psychosurgery reduces uncertainty and increases free will? a review. Neuromodulation 19: 239–248.Google Scholar
De Vignemont, F. (2011). Embodiment, ownership and disownership. Consciousness and Cognition 20: 82–93.Google Scholar
Dresser, R. (2014). Pre-emptive suicide, precedent autonomy and preclinical Alzheimer disease. Journal of Medical Ethics 40: 550–551.Google Scholar
Dresser, R. (2018). Advance directives and discrimination against people with dementia. Hastings Center Report 48(4): 26–27.Google Scholar
Dunsmoor, J., Murty, V., Davachi, L. and Phelps, E. (2015). Emotional learning selectively and retroactively strengthens memories for related events. Nature 520: 345–348.Google Scholar
Dworkin, G. (1988). The Theory and Practice of Autonomy. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Dworkin, R. (1993). Life’s Dominion: An Argument about Abortion, Euthanasia and Individual Freedom. New York: Vintage Books.Google Scholar
Earp, B., Sandberg, A., Kahane, G. and Savulescu, J. (2014). When is diminishment a form of enhancement? rethinking the enhancement debate in biomedical ethics. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience 8: 12. doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2014.00012.Google Scholar
Ebbinghaus, H. (1885/1913). Memory: A Contribution to Experimental Psychology, trans. Ruger, H. and Bussenius, C.. New York: Teachers College, Columbia University.Google Scholar
Edmonds, D. (ed.). (2016). Philosophers Take on the World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Eichenbaum, H. (2012). The Cognitive Neuroscience of Memory: An Introduction, second edition. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Eichenbaum, H. (2017). The integration of space, time and memory. Neuron 95: 1007–1018.Google Scholar
Einstein, G. and McDaniel, M. (2005). Prospective memory: multiple retrieval processes. Current Directions in Psychological Science 14: 286–290.Google Scholar
Elias, W., Lipsman, N., Onda, W., Ghanouni, P., Kim, Y., Lee, W. et al. (2016). A randomized trial of focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor. New England Journal of Medicine 375: 730–739.Google Scholar
Elliott, C. (2000). Pursued by happiness and beaten senseless: Prozac and the American dream. Hastings Center Report 30(2): 7–12.Google Scholar
Elliott, C. (2003). Better than Well: American Medicine Meets the American Dream. New York: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
Elsey, J. and Kindt, M. (2016). Manipulating human memory through reconsolidation: ethical implications of a new therapeutic approach. American Journal of Bioethics-Neuroscience 7: 225–236.Google Scholar
Emanuel, E., Grady, C., Crouch, R., Lie, R., Miller, F. and Wendler, D. (2008). The Oxford Textbook of Clinical Research Ethics. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Eriksson, J., Vogel, E., Lansner, A., Bergstrom, F. and Nyberg, L. (2015). Neurocognitive architecture of working memory. Neuron 88: 33–46.Google Scholar
Erler, A. (2011). Does memory modification threaten our authenticity? Neuroethics 4: 235–249.Google Scholar
Errando, C. and Aldecoa, C. (2014). Awareness with explicit recall during general anaesthesia: current status and issues. British Journal of Anaesthesia 112: 1–4.Google Scholar
Ezzyat, Y., Wanda, P., Levy, D, Kadel, A., Aka, A., Pedisich, I. et al. (2018). Closed-loop stimulation of temporal cortex rescues functional networks and improves memory. Nature Communications 9: 365. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-027550.Google Scholar
Fazel, S., McMillan, J. and O’Donnell, I. (2002). Dementia in prison: ethical and legal implications. Journal of Medical Ethics 28: 156–159.Google Scholar
Feinstein, J., Buza, C., Hurlemann, R., Follmer, R., Dahdaleh, N., Coryell, W. et al. (2013). Fear and panic in humans with bilateral amygdala damage. Nature Neuroscience 16: 270–272.Google Scholar
Fell, J., Staresina, B., DoLam, A., Widman, G., Helmstaedter, C., Elger, C. et al. (2013). Memory modulation by weak synchronous deep brain stimulation: a pilot study. Brain Stimulation 6: 270–273.Google Scholar
Ferzan, K. and Morse, S. (eds.). (2016). Legal, Moral and Metaphysical Truths: The Philosophy of Michael Moore. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Fradera, A. and Kopelman, M. (2009). Memory disorders. In Squire, L. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Neuroscience. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 751–760.Google Scholar
Franke, A., Gransmark, P., Agricola, A., Schule, K. Rommel, T., Sebastian, A. et al. (2017). Methylphenidate, modafinil and caffeine for cognitive enhancement in chess: a double-blind randomised controlled trial. European Neuropsychopharmacology 27: 248–260.Google Scholar
Frankfurt, H. (1988a). Freedom of the will and the concept of a person. In Frankfurt, , 1988c, 11–25.Google Scholar
Frankfurt, H. (1988c). The Importance of What We Care About. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Frankland, P. and Josselyn, S. (2013). Neuroscience: memory and the single molecule. Nature 493: 312–313.Google Scholar
Fu, H., Rodriguez, G., Herman, M., Emrani, S., Nahmani, E., Barrett, G. et al. (2017). Tau pathology induces excitatory neuron loss, grid cell dysfunction, and spatial memory deficits reminiscent of early Alzheimer’s disease. Neuron 93: 533–541.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Furl, N., Garrido, L., Dolan, R., Driver, J. and Duchaine, B. (2011). Fusiform gyrus face-selectivity reflects facial recognition ability. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 23: 1785–1790.Google Scholar
Gao, G. (2017). Amnesia and criminal responsibility. Journal of Law and Biosciences 4: 194–204.Google Scholar
Garcia Marquez, G. (1970). One Hundred Years of Solitude, trans. Rabassa, G.. New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
Gathercole, S. (2007). Working memory: what it is, and what it is not. In Roediger, , Dudai, and Fitzpatrick, , 155–158.Google Scholar
Glannon, W. (2002a). Identity, prudential concern and extended lives. Bioethics 16: 266–283.Google Scholar
Glannon, W. (2006). Psychopharmacology and memory. Journal of Medical Ethics 32: 164–168.Google Scholar
Glannon, W. (2011). The neuroethics of memory. In Nalbantian, , Matthews, and McClelland, , 233–251.Google Scholar
Glannon, W. (2014a). Anesthesia, amnesia and harm. Journal of Medical Ethics 40: 651–657.Google Scholar
Glannon, W. (2014b). Intraoperative awareness: consciousness, memory and law. Journal of Medical Ethics 40: 663–664.Google Scholar
Glannon, W. (2018). Brain implants to erase memories. Frontiers in Neuroscience 11: 584. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00584.Google Scholar
Glover, J. (2008). Choosing Children: Genes, Disability and Design. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Goddard, N. and Smith, D. (2013). Unintended awareness and monitoring of depth of anaesthesia. Continuing Education in Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain 13: 213–217.Google Scholar
Gold, P. (2008). Protein synthesis inhibition and memory: formation versus amnesia. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory 89: 201–211.Google Scholar
Goldstein, L. and Kapur, N. (2012). Psychiatric aspects of memory disorders in epilepsy. In Zeman, , Kapur, and Jones-Gotman, , 259–282.Google Scholar
Goodman, W. (2011). Electroconvulsive therapy in the spotlight. New England Journal of Medicine 364: 1785–1787.Google Scholar
Gordijn, B. and Chadwick, R. (eds.). (2009). Medical Enhancement and Posthumanity. London: Springer.Google Scholar
Graf, P. and Schacter, D. (1985). Implicit and explicit memory for new associations in normal and amnesic subjects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition 11: 501–518.Google Scholar
Graff-Radford, J. and Josephs, K. (2012). Primary progressive aphasia and transient global amnesia. Archives of Neurology 69: 401–404.Google Scholar
Gronlund, S., Goodsell, C. and Andersen, S. (2012). Lineup procedures in eyewitness identification. In Nadel, and Sinnott-Armstrong, , 59–83.Google Scholar
Haig, S. (2007). The ethics of erasing a bad memory. Time, October 15. http://content.time.com/time/health/article/0.8599.1671492.00html.Google Scholar
Hamani, C., Holtzheimer, P., Lozano, A. and Mayberg, H. (eds.). (2016). Neuromodulation in Psychiatry. Oxford: Wiley Blackwell.Google Scholar
Hampson, R., Song, D. Opris, I., Santos, L., Shin, D., Gerhardt, G. et al. (2013). Facilitation of memory encoding in primate hippocampus by a neuroprosthesis that promotes task-specific neuronal firing. Journal of Neural Engineering 10: 066013. doi: 10.1088/1741-2560/10/6/066013.Google Scholar
Hampson, R., Song, D., Robinson, B., Fetterhoff, D., Dakos, A., Roder, B. et al. (2018). Developing a hippocampal neural prosthetic to facilitate human memory encoding and recall. Journal of Neural Engineering 15: 036014. doi: 10.1088/1741-2552/aaaed7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harlow, J. (1848). Passage of an iron rod through the head. Boston Medical Surgical Journal 39: 389–393.Google Scholar
Harlow, J. (1868). Recovery from the passage of an iron bar through the head. Publications of the Massachusetts Medical Society 2: 327–347.Google Scholar
Harris, J. (2007). Enhancing Evolution: The Ethical Case for Making Better People. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Hassabis, D. and Maguire, E. (2007). Deconstructing episodic memory with construction. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 11: 299–306.Google Scholar
Hassabis, D., Kumaran, D., Vann, S. and Maguire, E. (2007). Patients with hippocampal amnesia cannot imagine new experiences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104: 1726–1731.Google Scholar
Hasselmo, M. (2009). A model of episodic memory: mental time travel along encoded trajectories using grid cells. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory 92: 559–573.Google Scholar
Hasselmo, M. (2012). How We Remember: Brain Mechanisms of Episodic Memory. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Hebb, A., Zhang, J., Mahoor, M., Tsiokos, C., Matlack, C., Chizeck, H. et al. (2014). Closing the feedback loop: closed-loop neurostimulation. Neurosurgery Clinics of North America 25: 187–204.Google Scholar
Henry, M., Fishman, J. and Youngner, S. (2007). Propranolol and the prevention of post-traumatic stress disorder: is it wrong to erase the “sting” of bad memories? American Journal of Bioethics 7(9): 12–20.Google Scholar
Hudetz, A. and Pearce, R. (eds.). (2009). Suppressing the Mind: Anesthetic Modulation of Memory and Consciousness. New York: Humana Press.Google Scholar
Hyman, S. (2005). Addiction: a disease of learning and memory. American Journal of Psychiatry 162: 1414–1422.Google Scholar
Illes, J. and Sahakian, B. (eds.). (2011). Oxford Handbook of Neuroethics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Inman, C., Manns, J., Bijanki, K., Bass, D., Hamann, S., Drane, D. et al. (2018). Direct electrical stimulation of the amygdala enhances declarative memory in humans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115: 98–103.Google Scholar
Irish, M. and Piguet, O. (2013). The pivotal role of semantic memory in remembering the past and imagining the future. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience 7: 27. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00027.Google Scholar
Irish, M., Addis, D. R., Hodges, J. and Piguet, O. (2012). Considering the role of semantic memory in episodic future thinking: evidence from semantic dementia. Brain 135: 2178–2191.Google Scholar
Iuculano, T. and Cohen Kadosh, R. (2013). The mental cost of cognitive enhancement. Journal of Neuroscience 33: 4482–4486.Google Scholar
Izquierdo, I., Cammarota, M., Medina, J. and Bevilaqua, L. (2004). Pharmacological findings on the biochemical bases of memory processes: a general view. Neural Plasticity 11: 159–189.Google Scholar
Jaworska, A. (1999). Respecting the margins of agency: Alzheimer’s patients and the capacity to value. Philosophy & Public Affairs 28: 105–138.Google Scholar
Jones, A. (2013). Toronto anesthesiologist guilty on all counts of molesting women during surgery. The Globe and Mail, November 19. www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/toronto-anesthesiologist-found-guilty-of-sexual-assault/article15504798/.Google Scholar
Jones, O., Wagner, A., Faigman, D. and Raichle, M. (2013). Neuroscientists in court. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 14: 730–736.Google Scholar
Jongsma, K., Kars, M. and van Delden, J. (2019). Dementia and advance directives: some empirical and normative concerns. Journal of Medical Ethics 45: 92–94.Google Scholar
Josselyn, S. (2010). Continuing the search for the engram: examining the mechanism of fear memories. Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience 35: 221–228.Google Scholar
Jotterand, F. and Dubljevic, V. (eds.). (2016). Cognitive Enhancement: Ethical and Policy Implications in International Perspectives. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Jun, Y., Duffy, J. and Josephs, K. (2013). Primary progressive aphasia and apraxia of speech. Seminars in Neurology 33: 342–347.Google Scholar
Kadish, S. and Schulhofer, S. (2001). Criminal Law and Its Processes: Cases and Materials, eighth edition. New York: Aspen.Google Scholar
Kamm, F. M. (2007). Intricate Ethics: Rights, Responsibilities and Permissible Harm. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Kandel, E. (2001). The molecular biology of memory storage: a dialogue between genes and synapses. Science 294: 1030–1038.Google Scholar
Kensinger, E. (2009). Remembering the details: effects of emotion. Emotion Review 1: 99–113.Google Scholar
Kant, I. (1785/1964). Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, trans. Paton, H. J.. New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
Kass, L. (2003). Beyond Therapy: Biotechnology and the Pursuit of Happiness. New York: Harper Collins.Google Scholar
Kennedy, P., Andreasen, D., Bartels, T., Ehirim, P., Mao, H., Velliste, M. et al. (2011). Making the lifetime connection between brain and machine for restoring and enhancing function. Progress in Brain Research 194: 1–25.Google Scholar
Kent, C., Mashour, G., Metzger, N., Posner, K. and Domino, K. (2013). Psychological impact of unexpected and explicit recall of events occurring during surgery under sedation, regional anaesthetics and general anaesthesia: data from the Anaesthesia Awareness Registry. British Journal of Anaesthesia 110: 381–387.Google Scholar
Kerssens, C. and Alkire, M. (2010). Memory formation during general anesthesia. In Mashour, , 47–73.Google Scholar
Keven, N., Kurczek, J., Rosenbaum, R. and Craver, C. (2018). Narrative construction is intact in episodic amnesia. Neuropsychologia 110: 104–112.Google Scholar
Kihlstrom, J. and Cork, R. (2007). Consciousness and anesthesia. In Velmans, and Schneider, , 628–639.Google Scholar
Kim, W. and Cho, J. (2017). Encoding of discriminative fear memory by input-specific LTP in the amygdala. Neuron 95: 988–990.Google Scholar
Kindt, M., Soeter, M. and Vervliet, B. (2009). Beyond extinction: erasing human fear responses and preventing the return of fear. Nature Neuroscience 12: 256–258.Google Scholar
King v. Cogdon (1950). Supreme Court of Victoria, Australia.Google Scholar
Kitamura, T., MacDonald, C. and Tonegawa, S. (2015). Entorhinal-hippocampal neuronal circuits bridge temporally discontinuous events. Learning and Memory 22: 438–443.Google Scholar
Kitamura, T., Ogawa, S., Roy, D., Okuyama, T., Morrissey, M., Smith, L. et al. (2017). Engrams and circuits crucial for systems consolidation of a memory. Science 356: 73–78.Google Scholar
Klein, S. and Nichols, S. (2012). Memory and the sense of personal identity. Mind 121: 677–702.Google Scholar
Klingberg, T. (2008). The Overflowing Brain: Information Overload and the Limits of Working Memory, trans. Betteridge, N.. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Knight, R. and Eichenbaum, H. (2013). Multiplexed memories: a view from human cortex. Nature Neuroscience 16: 257–258.Google Scholar
Koch, C. (2012). Consciousness: Confessions of a Romantic Reductionist. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Koch, C. and Mormann, F. (2010). The neurobiology of consciousness. In Mashour, , 24–46.Google Scholar
Kolber, A. (2006). Therapeutic forgetting: the legal and ethical implications of memory dampening. Vanderbilt Law Review 59: 1561–1626.Google Scholar
Kolber, A. (2011). Neuroethics: give memory-altering drugs a chance. Nature 476: 275–276.Google Scholar
Kolber, A. (2014). The limited right to alter memory. Journal of Medical Ethics 40: 658–659.Google Scholar
Kroes, M., Tendolkar, I., Van Wingen, G., Van Waarde, J., Strange, B. and Fernandez, G. (2014). An electroconvulsive therapy procedure impairs reconsolidation of episodic memories in humans. Nature Neuroscience 17: 204–206.Google Scholar
Krugers, H., Zhou, M., Joels, M. and Kindt, M. (2011). Regulation of excitatory synapses and fearful memories by stress hormones. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience 5: 62. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2011.00062.Google Scholar
Lacagnina, A., Brockway, E. Crovetti, C., Shue, E., McCarty, M., Sattler, K. et al. (2019). Distinct hippocampal engrams control extinction and relapse of fear memory. Nature Neuroscience 22: doi: 10.1038/s41593-019-0361-zGoogle Scholar
Lacy, J. and Stark, C. (2013). The neuroscience of memory: implications for the courtroom. Nature Neuroscience 14: 649–658.Google Scholar
Langsjo, J., Alkire, M., Kaskinoro, K., Hayama, H., Maksimow, A., Kaisti, K. et al. (2012). Returning from oblivion: imaging the neural core of consciousness. Journal of Neuroscience 32: 4935–4943.Google Scholar
LaPointe, L. and Stierwalt, J. (2018). Aphasia and Related Neurogenic Language Disorders. fifth edition. New York: Thieme.Google Scholar
Lattal, K. and Wood, M. (2013). Epigenetics and persistent memory: implications for reconsolidation and silent extinction beyond the zero. Nature Neuroscience 16: 124–129.Google Scholar
Laureys, S. and Tononi, G. (eds.). (2009). The Neurology of Consciousness: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuropathology. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Lavazza, A. (2015). Erasing traumatic memories: when context and social interests can outweigh personal autonomy. Philosophy, Ethics and Humanities in Medicine 10: 3. doi: 10.1186/s13010-014-0021-6.Google Scholar
Lavazza, A. (2016). What we may forget when discussing human memory manipulation. American Journal of Bioethics-Neuroscience 7: 249–251.Google Scholar
Laxton, A., Tang-Wai, D., McAndrews, M., Zumsteg, D., Wemberg, R., Keren, R. et al. (2010). A phase 1 trial of deep brain stimulation of memory circuits in Alzheimer’s disease. Annals of Neurology 68: 521–534.Google Scholar
LeDoux, J. (2007). Consolidation: challenging the traditional view. In Roediger, , Dudai, and Fitzpatrick, , 171–176.Google Scholar
LeDoux, J. (2015). Anxious: Using the Brain to Understand and Treat Fear and Anxiety. New York: Viking.Google Scholar
Lee, A., Kanter, B., Wang, D., Lim, J., Zou, M. Qiu, C. et al. (2013). PRKCZ null mice show normal learning and memory. Nature 493: 416–419.Google Scholar
Lee, J., Nader, K. and Schiller, D. (2017). An update on memory reconsolidation updating. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 21: 531–545.Google Scholar
Leichsenring, F. and Leweke, F. (2017). Social anxiety disorder. New England Journal of Medicine 376: 2255–2264.Google Scholar
LePort, A., Stark, S., McGaugh, J. and Stark, C. (2015). Highly superior autobiographical memory: quality and quantity of retention over time. Frontiers in Psychology 6: 17. doi: 10.3389/psyq.2015.02017.Google Scholar
Levy, N. (2007). Neuroethics: Challenges for the 21st Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Levy, N. (2014). Consciousness and Moral Responsibility. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Li, F. and Tsien, J. (2009). Memory and the NMDA receptors. New England Journal of Medicine 361: 302–303.Google Scholar
Liao, S. M. and Sandberg, A. (2008). The normativity of memory modification. Neuroethics 1: 85–99.Google Scholar
Liao, S. M., Sandberg, A. and Savulescu, J. (2016). Should we be erasing memories? In Edmonds, , 232–235.Google Scholar
Lipsman, N., Schwartz, M., Huang, Y., Lee, I., Sankar, T., Chapman, M. et al. (2013). MR-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor; a proof-of-concept study. Lancet Neurology 12: 462–468.Google Scholar
Locke, J., (1690/1975). An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, ed. Nidditch, P. H.. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Lonergan, M., Oliveira-Figueroa, L., Pitman, R. and Brunet, A. (2013). Propranolol’s effects on the consolidation and reconsolidation of long-term emotional memory in healthy participants: a meta-analysis. Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience 38: 222–231.Google Scholar
Lozano, A. and Lipsman, N. (2013). Probing and regulating dysfunctional circuits using deep brain stimulation. Neuron 77: 406–424.Google Scholar
Lozano, A., Fosdick, L., Chakravarty, M., Leoutsakos, J. M., Munro, C., Oh, E. et al. (2016). A phase II study of fornix deep brain stimulation in mild Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease 54: 777–787.Google Scholar
Lynch, G. and Gall, C. (2006). Ampakines and the three-fold path to cognitive enhancement. Trends in Neurosciences 29: 554–562.Google Scholar
Madison v. Alabama (2018). 17–7505 (Capital Case).Google Scholar
Mander, B., Rao, V., Lu, B., Saletin, J., Lindquist, J., Ancoli-Israel, S. et al. (2013). Prefrontal atrophy, disrupted NREM slow waves and impaired hippocampal-dependent memory in aging. Nature Neuroscience 16: 357–364.Google Scholar
Mandler, G. (1980). Recognizing: the judgment of previous occurrence. Psychological Review 87: 252–271.Google Scholar
Manning, L., Cassel, D. and Cassel, J.-C. (2013). St. Augustine’s reflections on memory and time and the current concept of subjective time in mental time travel. Behavioral Sciences 3: 232–243.Google Scholar
Mansour, A., Farmer, M., Baliki, M. and Apkarian, A. (2014). Chronic pain: the role of learning and brain plasticity. Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience 32: 129–139.Google Scholar
Mashour, G. (ed.). (2010). Consciousness, Awareness and Anesthesia. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Mashour, G. and Alkire, M. (2013). Consciousness, anesthesia and the thalamocortical system. Anesthesiology 118: 13–15.Google Scholar
Mashour, G. and Avidan, M. (2015). Intraoperative awareness: controversies and non-controversies. British Journal of Anaesthesia 112: i20–i26.Google Scholar
Massimini, M. and Tononi, G. (2018). Sizing Up Consciousness: Towards an Objective Measure of the Capacity for Experience. trans. Anderson, F.. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Matthews, P. (2011). The mnemonic brain: neuroimaging, neuropharmacology, and disorders of memory. In Nalbantian, , Matthews, and McClelland, , 99–127.Google Scholar
Mayer-Schonberger, V. (2011). Delete: The Virtue of Forgetting in the Digital Age. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Maylor, E., Chater, N. and Brown, G. (2001). Scale invariance in the retrieval of retrospective and prospective memories. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 8: 162–167.Google Scholar
McDaniel, M., Umanath, S., Einstein, G. and Waldrum, E. (2015). Dual pathways to prospective remembering. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 9: 392. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00392.Google Scholar
McGaugh, J. (2004). The amygdala modulates the consolidation of memories of emotionally arousing experiences. Annual Review of Neuroscience 27: 1–28.Google Scholar
McKerlie, D. (2013). Justice between the Young and the Old. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Medford, N., Phillips, M., Brierly, B., Brammer, M., Bullmore, E. and David, A. (2005). Emotional memory: separating content and context. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging 138: 247–258.Google Scholar
Mele, A. (1995). Autonomous Agents: From Self-Control to Autonomy. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Meloni, E., Gillis, T., Manoukian, J. and Kaufman, M. (2014). Xenon impairs reconsolidation of fear memories in a rat model of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PLoS ONE 9: e106189. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106189.Google Scholar
Merkow, M., Burke, J., Ramayya, A., Sharan, A., Sperling, M. and Kahana, M. (2017). Stimulation of the human medial temporal lobe between learning and recall selectively enhances forgetting. Brain Stimulation 10: 645–650.Google Scholar
Metzinger, T. and Hildt, E. (2011). Cognitive enhancement. In Illes, and Sahakian, , 245–264.Google Scholar
Mhuircheartaigh, R., Warnaby, K., Rogers, R., Jbabdi, S. and Tracey, I. (2013). Slow-wave activity saturation and thalamocortical isolation during propofol anesthesia in humans. Science Translational Medicine 5: 208ra148. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3006007.Google Scholar
Michaelian, K. (2016). Mental Time Travel: Episodic Memory and Our Knowledge of the Personal Past. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Miller, D., Dresser, R. and Kim, S. (2019). Advance euthanasia directives: a controversial case and its ethical implications. Journal of Medical Ethics 45: 84–89.Google Scholar
Milner, B. (1959). The memory defect in bilateral hippocampal lesions. Psychiatric Research Reports of the American Psychiatric Association 11: 43–58.Google Scholar
Milner, B. and Penfield, W. (1955–1956). The effect of hippocampal lesions on recent memory. Transactions of the American Neurological Association 20: 42–48.Google Scholar
M’Naghten’s Case. (1843/1975). 8 Eng. Rep. London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Model Penal Code. (1985). Official Draft and Commentaries. Philadelphia: American Law Institute.Google Scholar
Monfils, M. and Holmes, E. (2018). Memory boundaries: opening a window inspired by reconsolidation to treat anxiety, trauma-related, and addiction disorders. Lancet Psychiatry 4: 1032–1042.Google Scholar
Moore, M. (1984). Law and Psychiatry: Rethinking the Relationship. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Morse, S. (1994). Culpability and control. University of Pennsylvania Law Review 142: 1587–1660.Google Scholar
Morse, S. and Roskies, A. (eds.). (2013). A Primer on Criminal Law and Neuroscience. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Moscovitch, M. (2007). Memory: why the engram is elusive. In Roediger, , Dudai, and Fitzpatrick, , 17–21.Google Scholar
Moscovitch, M. (2012). Memory before and after H.M.: an impressionistic historical perspective. In Zeman, , Kapur, and Jones-Gotman, , 19–50.Google Scholar
Moscovitch, M. and Nadel, L. (1998). Consolidation and the hippocampal complex revisited: in defense of the multiple trace model. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 8: 297–300.Google Scholar
Moser, M.-B., Rowland, D. and Moser, E. (2015). Place cells, grid cells and memory. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology 7: e021808. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a021808.Google Scholar
Murray, S., Murray, E., Stewart, G., Sinnott-Armstrong, W. and De Brigard, F. (2019). Responsibility for forgetting. Philosophical Studies 176: 1177–1201. doi: 10.1007/s11098-018-1053-3.Google Scholar
Nadel, L. (2007). Consolidation: the demise of the fixed trace. In Roediger, , Dudai, and Fitzpatrick, , 177–182.Google Scholar
Nadel, L. and Moscovitch, M. (1997). Memory consolidation, retrograde amnesia and the hippocampal complex. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 7: 217–227.Google Scholar
Nadel, L. and Sinnott-Armstrong, W. (eds.). (2012). Memory and Law. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Nadel, L., Hupbach, A., Gomez, R. and Newman-Smith, K. (2012). Memory formation, consolidation and transformation. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 36: 1640–1645.Google Scholar
Nader, K. and Einarsson, E. (2010). Memory reconsolidation: an update. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1191: 27–41.Google Scholar
Nader, K., Schafe, G. and LeDoux, J. (2000). Fear memories require protein synthesis in the amygdala for reconsolidation after retrieval. Nature 406: 722–726.Google Scholar
Nader, K., Hardt, O., Einarsson, E. and Finnie, P. (2013). The dynamic nature of memory. In Alberini, , 15–41.Google Scholar
Nalbantian, S., Matthews, P. and McClelland, J. (eds.). (2011). The Memory Process: Neuroscientific and Humanistic Perspectives. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Naqvi, N., Rudrauf, D., Damasio, H. and Bechara, A. (2007). Damage to the insula disrupts addiction to cigarette smoking. Science 315: 531–534.Google Scholar
Nicolas, S. (1996). Experiments on implicit memory in a Korsakoff patient by Claparede (1907). Cognitive Neuropsychology 13: 1193–1199.Google Scholar
Nielson, D., Smith, T., Sreekumar, V., Dennis, S. and Sederberg, P. (2015). Human hippocampus represents space and time during retrieval of real-world memories. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112: 11078–11083.Google Scholar
Nietzsche, F. (1872–1874/1995). On the utility and liability of history for life. In Unfashionable Observations, Volume 2, trans. Gray, R.. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Nitsche, M., Boggio, P., Fregni, F. and Pascual-Leone, A. (2009). Treatment of depression with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS): a review. Experimental Neurology 219: 14–19.Google Scholar
Northoff, G. (2014). Minding the Brain: A Guide to Philosophy and Neuroscience. London: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Ocampo, A., Reddy, P., Martinez-Redondo, P., Platero-Luengo, A., Hatanaka, F., Hishida, T. et al. (2016). In vivo amelioration of age-associated hallmarks by partial reprograming. Cell 167: 1719–1733.Google Scholar
O’Keefe, J. and Nadel, L. (1978). The Hippocampus as a Cognitive Map. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
O’Keefe, J. and Burgess, N. (1996). Geometric determinants in the place fields of hippocampal neurons. Nature 381: 425–428.Google Scholar
Olshansky, S. J. and Carnes, B. (2001). The Quest for Immortality: Science at the Frontiers of Aging. New York: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
Olshansky, S. J., Hayflick, L. and Carnes, B. (2002). Position statement on human aging. The Journal of Gerontology 57: B292–B297.Google Scholar
Olson, E. (1997). The Human Animal: Personal Identity without Psychology. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Olson, E. (2007). What Are We? A Study in Personal Ontology. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Owen, A. and Coleman, M. (2008). Functional imaging in the vegetative state. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 9: 235–243.Google Scholar
Owen, A., Coleman, M., Boly, M., Davis, M., Laureys, S. and Pickard, J. (2006). Detecting awareness in the vegetative state. Science 313: 1402.Google Scholar
Palombo, D., Alain, C., Soderlund, H., Khuu, W. and Levine, B. (2015). Severely deficient autobiographical memory (SDAM) in healthy adults: a new mnemonic syndrome. Neuropsychologia 72: 105–118.Google Scholar
Pandharipande, P., Girard, T., Jackson, J., Morandi, A., Thompson, J., Pun, B. et al. (2013). Long-term cognitive impairment after critical illness. New England Journal of Medicine 369: 1306–1316.Google Scholar
Pandit, J., Cook, T., Jonker, W. and O’Sullivan, E. (2013). A national survey of anaesthetists (NAP5 Baseline) to estimate an annual incidence of accidental awareness during general anaesthesia in the UK. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 110: 501–509.Google Scholar
Parens, E. (ed.). (1998). Enhancing Human Traits: Ethical and Social Implications. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.Google Scholar
Park, D. and Gutchess, A. (2005). Long-term memory and aging: a cognitive neuroscience perspective. In Cabeza, , Nyberg, and Park, , 218–245.Google Scholar
Parker, E., Cahill, L. and McGaugh, J. (2006). Case of unusual autobiographical memory. Neurocase 12: 35–49.Google Scholar
Parnia, S., Spearpoint, K., de Vos, G., Fenwick, P., Goldberg, D., Yong, J. et al. (2014). AWARE – AWAreness during REsuscitation: a prospective study. Resuscitation 85: 1799–1805.Google Scholar
Parsons, R. and Ressler, K. (2013). Implications of memory modulation for post-traumatic stress and fear disorders. Nature Neuroscience 16: 146–153.Google Scholar
Patihis, L., Frenda, S., LePort, A., Petersen, N., Nichols, R., Stark, C. et al. (2013). False memories in highly superior autobiographical memory individuals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110: 20947–20952.Google Scholar
Patterson, D. and Pardo, M. (eds.). (2016). Philosophical Foundations of Law and Neuroscience. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Penfield, W. (1952). Memory mechanisms. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry 67: 178–198.Google Scholar
Penfield, W. (1975). Mystery of the Mind: A Critical Study of Consciousness and the Human Brain. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Penfield, W. and Boldrey, E. (1937). Somatic motor and sensory representation in the cerebral cortex of man as studied by electrical stimulation. Brain 60: 389–443.Google Scholar
Penfield, W. and Milner, B. (1958). Memory deficit produced by bilateral lesions in the hippocampal zone. AMA Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry 79: 475–497.Google Scholar
Penfield, W. and Rasmussen, T. (1950). The Cerebral Cortex of Man: A Critical Study of Localization of Function. New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Phelps, E. (2004). Human emotion and memory: interactions of the amygdala and hippocampal complex. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 14: 198–202.Google Scholar
Phelps, E. (2012). Emotion’s impact on memory. In Nadel, and Sinnott-Armstrong, , 7–26. doi:10.1093/acprof:050/9780199920754.023.000.Google Scholar
Pitman, R. (2011). Will reconsolidation blockade offer a novel treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder? Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience 5: 11. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2011.00011.Google Scholar
Pitman, R. (2015). Harnessing reconsolidation to treat mental disorders. Biological Psychiatry 78: 819–820.Google Scholar
Pitman, R., Sanders, K., Zusman, R., Healy, A., Cheema, F., Lasko, N. et al. (2002). Pilot study of secondary prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder with propranolol. Biological Psychiatry 51: 189–192.Google Scholar
Plato, . (1962). Collected Dialogues, ed. Hamilton, E. and Cairns, H.. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Pliny, . (1942). Natural History, Volume 2, trans. Rackham, H.. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Ploghaus, A., Tracey, I., Gati, J., Clare, S., Menon, R., Matthews, P. et al. (1999). Dissociating pain from its anticipation in the human brain. Science 284: 1979–1981.Google Scholar
Posner, J., Saper, C., Schiff, N. and Plum, F. (2007). Plum and Posner’s Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma, fourth edition. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Potter, S., El-Hady, A. and Fetz, E. (2014). Closed loop neuroscience and neuroengineering. Frontiers in Neural Circuits 8: 115. doi: 10.3389/fncir.2014.00115.Google Scholar
President’s Council on Bioethics (US). (2003). Staff working paper: Better memories? The promise and perils of pharmacological interventions. March 6, session 4. www.bioethics.giv/transcripts/mar03.html/.Google Scholar
Price, D. (2000). Psychological and neural mechanisms of the affective dimension of pain. Science 288: 1769–1772.Google Scholar
Pryor, K., Root, J., Mehta, M., Stern, E., Pan, H., Veselis, R. et al. (2015). Effect of propofol on the medial temporal lobe emotional memory system: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study in human subjects. British Journal of Anaesthesia 115: i104–i113.Google Scholar
Pycroft, L., Boccard, S., Owen, S., Stein, J., Fitzgerald, J., Green, A. et al. (2016). Brainjacking: implant security issues in invasive neuromodulation. World Neurosurgery 92: 454–462.Google Scholar
Quiroga, R. (2012). Borges and Memory: Encounters with the Human Brain, trans. Fernandez, J.P.. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
R v. Parks (1992). 2 S.C.R. 871. Supreme Court of Canada.Google Scholar
Rascovsky, K., Growden, M., Pardo, I., Grossman, S. and Miller, B. (2009). “The quicksand of forgetfulness”: semantic dementia in One Hundred Years of Solitude. Brain 132: 2609–2616.Google Scholar
Rees, G. and Edwards, S (2009). Is pain in the brain? Nature Clinical Practice Neurology 5: 76–77.Google Scholar
Reinhart, R. and Nguyen, J. (2019). Working memory revived in older adults by synchronizing rhythmic brain circuits. Nature Neuroscience 22. doi: 10.1038/s41593-019-0371-x.Google Scholar
Richardson, M., Strange, B. and Dolan, R. (2004). Encoding of emotional memories depends on amygdala and hippocampus and their interactions. Nature Neuroscience 7: 278–285.Google Scholar
Richmond, S., Rees, G. and Edwards, S. (eds.). (2012). I Know What You’re Thinking: Brain Imaging and Mental Privacy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Rimmele, U., Davachi, L., Petrov, R., Dougal, S. and Phelps, E. (2011). Emotion enhances the subjective feeling of remembering, despite lower accuracy for contextual details. Emotion 11: 4246. doi: 10.1037/a0024246.Google Scholar
Roache, R. (2018). What sort of person could have a radically extended lifespan? Journal of Medical Ethics 44: 217–218.Google Scholar
Roediger, H., Dudai, Y. and Fitzpatrick, S. (eds.). (2007). Science of Memory: Concepts. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Roediger, H., Wixted, J. and DeSoto, K. (2012). The curious complexity between confidence and accuracy in reports from memory. In Nadel, and Sinnott-Armstrong, , 84–118.Google Scholar
Rogers, K. (2013). Grandmother charged in death of Milton, Ont. toddler left alone in hot car. Globe and Mail, July 5. www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/grandmother-charged-in-death-of-milton-toddler-left-alone-in-hot-car/article/013019696.Google Scholar
Rolls, E. (2007). Memory, Attention, and Decision-Making: A Unifying Computational Neuroscience Approach. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Rorty, A. (ed.). (1976). The Identities of Persons. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Rose, C. (2012). Charlie Rose, The Brain Series: Motor Disorders, June 15. https://charlierose.com/collecions/3/clip/15489.Google Scholar
Rowlands, M. (2010). The New Science of the Mind: From Extended Mind to Embodied Phenomenology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Rowlands, M. (2017). Memory and the Self: Phenomenology, Science and Autobiography. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Roy, D., Kitamura, T., Okuyama, T., Ogama, S., Sun, C., Obata, Y. et al. (2017). Distinct neural circuits for the formation and retrieval of episodic memories. Cell 170: 1000–1012.Google Scholar
Rugg, M. and Vilberg, K. (2013). Brain networks underlying episodic memory retrieval. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 23: 255–260.Google Scholar
Ryan, T., Roy, D., Pignatelli, M., Arons, A. and Tonegawa, S. (2015). Engram cells retain memory under retrograde amnesia. Science 348: 1007–1013.Google Scholar
Sacks, O. (2007). The abyss: music and amnesia. The New Yorker, September 24. www.newyorker.com/reporting/2007/09/24/070924fa_fact_Sacks.Google Scholar
Sacktor, T. (2011). How does PKMzeta maintain long-term memory? Nature Reviews Neuroscience 12: 9–15.Google Scholar
Sacktor, T. and Hell, J. (2017). The genetics of PKMZeta and memory maintenance. Science Signalling 10: 2327. doi: 10.1126/scisignal.ss02327.Google Scholar
Samuel, N., Taub, A., Paz, R. and Raz, A. (2018). Implicit aversive memory under anaesthesia in animal models: a narrative review. British Journal of Anaesthesia 121: 219–232.Google Scholar
Sandkuhler, J. and Lee, J. (2013). How to erase memory traces of pain and fear. Trends in Neurosciences 36: 343–352.Google Scholar
Sauchelli, A. (2018). Life-extending enhancements and the narrative approach to personal identity. Journal of Medical Ethics 44: 219–225.Google Scholar
Savica, R., Grossardt, B., Bower, J., Boeve, B., Ahlskog, J. and Rocca, W. (2013). Incidence of dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson’s disease dementia. JAMA Neurology 70: 1396–1402.Google Scholar
Savulescu, J., Sandberg, A. and Kahane, G. (2011). Well-being and enhancement. In Savulescu, , ter Meulen, and Kahane, , 3–18.Google Scholar
Savulescu, J., ter Meulen, R. and Kahane, G. (eds.). (2011). Enhancing Human Capacities. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Schacter, D. (1987). Implicit memory: history and current status. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition 13: 501–518.Google Scholar
Schacter, D. (1996). Searching for Memory: The Brain, the Mind and the Past. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Schacter, D. (2001). The Seven Sins of Memory: How the Mind Forgets and Remembers. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.Google Scholar
Schacter, D. (2007). Memory: delineating the core. In Roediger, , Dudai, and Fitzpatrick, , 23–27.Google Scholar
Schacter, D. (2012). Adaptive constructive processes and the future of memory. American Psychologist 67: 603.Google Scholar
Schacter, D. and Addis, D. R. (2007a). The cognitive neuroscience of constructive memory: remembering the past and imagining the future. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 362: 773–786.Google Scholar
Schacter, D. and Addis, D. R. (2007b). Constructive memory: the ghosts of past and future. Nature 445: 27.Google Scholar
Schacter, D. and Loftus, E. (2013). Memory and the law: what can cognitive neuroscience contribute? Nature Neuroscience 16: 119–123.Google Scholar
Schacter, D. and Scarry, E. (eds.). (2000). Memory, Brain and Belief. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Schacter, D., Addis, D. R. and Buckner, R. (2008). Episodic simulation of future events. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1124: 39–60.Google Scholar
Schacter, D., Guerin, S. and St. Jacques, P. (2011). Memory distortion: an adaptive perspective. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 15: 467–474.Google Scholar
Schacter, D., Addis, D. R., Hassabis, D., Martin, V., Spreng, R. and Szpunar, K. (2012). The future of memory: remembering, imagining and the brain. Neuron 76: 677–694.Google Scholar
Schacter, D., Chamberlain, J., Gaesser, B. and Gerlach, K. (2012). Neuroimaging of true, false and imaginary memories: findings and implications. In Nadel, and Sinnott-Armstrong, , 233–262.Google Scholar
Schechtman, M. (2014). Staying Alive: Personal Identity, Practical Concerns and the Unity of a Life. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Schiller, D. and Phelps, E. (2011). Does reconsolidation occur in humans? Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience 5: 24. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2011.00024.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schiller, D., Monfils, M.-H., Raio, C., Johnson, D., LeDoux, J. and Phelps, E. (2010). Preventing the return of fear in humans using reconsolidation update mechanisms. Nature 403: 49–53.Google Scholar
School, D. (2014). Pat Martino discusses relearning to play guitar after a near-fatal brain aneurysm left him with amnesia. Lehigh Valley Live, May 15. www.lehighvalleylive.com/music.index.ssf/2014/05/15/pat_martino_discusses relearni.html.Google Scholar
Schopp, R. (1991). Automatism, Insanity and the Psychology of Criminal Responsibility. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Schuepbach, W., Rau, J., Knudsen, K., Volkmann, J., Krack, P., Timmerman, L. et al. (2013). Neurostimulation for Parkinson’s disease with early motor complications. New England Journal of Medicine 368: 610–622.Google Scholar
Scoville, W. and Milner, B. (1957). Loss of recent memory after bilateral hippocampal lesions. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 20: 11–21.Google Scholar
Shalev, A., Liberzon, I. and Marmar, C. (2017). Post-traumatic stress disorder. New England Journal of Medicine 376: 2459–2469.Google Scholar
Shepherd, J. (2014). Minimizing harm via psychological intervention: response to Glannon. Journal of Medical Ethics 40: 662–663.Google Scholar
Sher, G. (2009). Who Knew? Responsibility without Awareness. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Shushruth, S. (2013). Exploring the neural basis of consciousness through anesthesia. Journal of Neuroscience 33: 1757–1758.Google Scholar
Sifferd, K. (2016). Unconscious mens rea: lapses, negligence and criminal responsibility. In Patterson, and Pardo, , 161–178.Google Scholar
Sillivan, S., Vaissiere, T. and Miller, C. (2015). Neuroepigenetic regulation of pathogenic memories. Neuroepigenetics 1: 28–33.Google Scholar
Soeter, M. and Kindt, M. (2015). An abrupt transformation of phobic behavior after a post-retrieval amnesic agent. Biological Psychiatry 78: 880–886.Google Scholar
Sorabji, R. (2004). Aristotle on Memory, second edition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Spiegel, D. and Cardena, E. (1991). Disintegrated experience: the dissociative disorders revisited. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 100: 366–378.Google Scholar
Squire, L. (2004). Memory systems of the brain: a brief history and current perspective. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory 82: 171–177.Google Scholar
Squire, L. and Bayley, P. (2007). The neuroscience of remote memory. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 17: 185–196.Google Scholar
Squire, L. and Kandel, E. (2009). Memory: From Mind to Molecules, second edition. Greenwood Village: Roberts & Company.Google Scholar
Squire, L. and Zola, S. (1996). Structure and function of declarative and nondeclarative memory systems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 93: 13515–13522.Google Scholar
Squire, L., van der Horst, A., McDuff, S., Frascino, J., Hopkins, R. and Maudlin, K. (2010). Role of the hippocampus in remembering the past and imagining the future. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107: 19044–19048.Google Scholar
Stickgold, R. (2011). Memory in sleep and dreams: the construction of meaning. In Nalbantian, , Matthews, and McClelland, , 73–95.Google Scholar
Stone, C. and Bietti, L. (eds.). (2016). Contextualizing Human Memory: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Understanding How Individuals and Groups Remember the Past. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Strick, P., Dum, R. and Fiez, J. (2009). Cerebellum and nonmotor function. Annual Review of Neuroscience 32: 413–434.Google Scholar
Strohminger, N. and Nichols, S. (2014). The essential moral self. Cognition 131: 159–171.Google Scholar
Strohinger, N. and Nichols, S. (2015). Neurodegeneration and identity. Psychological Science 26. doi: 10.1177/0956797615592381.Google Scholar
Suddendorf, T. and Corballis, M. (2007). The evolution of foresight: what is mental time travel, and is it unique to humans? Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30: 299–313.Google Scholar
Sulmasy, D. (2018). An open letter to Norman Cantor regarding dementia and physician-assisted suicide. Hastings Center Report 48(4): 28–30.Google Scholar
Suthana, N., Haneef, Z., Stern, J., Mukamel, R., Behnke, B., Knowlton, B. et al. (2012). Memory enhancement and deep brain stimulation of the entorhinal area. New England Journal of Medicine 366: 501–510.Google Scholar
Sutton, J. (1998). Philosophy and Memory Traces: Descartes to Connectionism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Tang, Y.-P., Shimizu, E., Dube, G., Rampon, C., Kerchner, G., Zhou, M. et al. (1999). Genetic enhancement of learning and memory in mice. Nature 401: 63–69.Google Scholar
Tasbihgou, S., Vogels, M. and Absalom, A. (2018). Accidental awareness during general anaesthesia: a narrative review. Anaesthesia 73: 112–122.Google Scholar
Taylor, C. (1992). The Ethics of Authenticity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Tenenbaum, E. and Reese, B. (2007). Memory-altering drugs: shifting the paradigm of informed consent. American Journal of Bioethics 7(9): 40–42.Google Scholar
Terrace, H. and Metcalfe, J. (eds.). (2005). The Missing Link in Cognition: Origins of Self-Reflective Consciousness. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Thompson, R. and Madigan, S. (2005). Memory: The Key to Consciousness. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Tomlinson, S., Davis, N., Morgan, H. and Bracewell, R. (2014a). Cerebellar contributions to spatial memory. Neuroscience Letters 578: 182–186.Google Scholar
Tomlinson, S., Davis, N., Morgan, H. and Bracewell, R. (2014b). Cerebellar contributions to verbal working memory. Cerebellum 13: 354–361.Google Scholar
Tononi, G. and Koch, C. (2008). The neural correlates of consciousness: an update. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1124: 239–261.Google Scholar
Tully, T., Bourtchouladze, R., Scott, R. and Tallman, J. (2003). Targeting the CREB pathway for memory enhancers. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 2: 266–277.Google Scholar
Tulving, E. (1985a). How many memory systems are there? American Psychologist 40: 385.Google Scholar
Tulving, E. (1987). Multiple memory systems and consciousness. Human Neurobiology 6: 67–80.Google Scholar
Tulving, E. (2005). Episodic memory and autonoesis: uniquely human. In Terrace, and Metcalfe, , 3–56.Google Scholar
Tulving, E. (2007). Coding and representation: searching for a home in the brain. In Roediger, , Dudai, and Fitzpatrick, , 65–68.Google Scholar
Tulving, E. and Craik, F. (eds.) (2000). The Oxford Handbook of Memory. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Tulving, E. and Schacter, D. (1990). Priming and human memory systems. Science 247: 301–306.Google Scholar
Urban, K. and Gao, W.-J. (2014). Performance enhancement at the cost of potential brain plasticity: neural ramifications of nootropic drugs in the healthy developing brain. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience 8: 38. doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2014.00038.Google Scholar
US Department of Health, Education and Welfare. (1978). Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research (Belmont Report). Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
Valero-Cabre, A., Amengual, J., Stengel, C., Pascual-Leone, A. and Coubard, O. (2017). Transcranial magnetic stimulation in basic and clinical neuroscience: a comprehensive review of fundamental principles and novel insights. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 83: 381–404.Google Scholar
Van den Hout, M. and Kindt, M. (2003). Repeated checking causes memory distrust. Behavior Research and Therapy 41: 301–316.Google Scholar
Van Hoeck, N., Watson, P. and Barbey, A. (2015). Cognitive neuroscience of human counterfactual reasoning. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 9: 420. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.004201.Google Scholar
Van Marle, H. (2015). PTSD as a memory disorder. European Journal of Psychotraumatology 6. doi: 10.3402/ejpt.v6_27633.Google Scholar
Velmans, M. and Schneider, S. (eds.). (2007). The Blackwell Companion to Consciousness. Malden, MA: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Veselis, R. (2006). The remarkable memory effects of propofol. British Journal of Anaesthesia 96: 289–291.Google Scholar
Veselis, R. (2015). Memory formation during anaesthesia: plausibility of a neurophysiological basis. British Journal of Anaesthesia 115: i13–i19.Google Scholar
Veselis, R. (2017). The memory labyrinth: systems, processes and boundaries. In Absalom, and Mason, , 31–62.Google Scholar
Villain, H., Benkahoul, A., Drougard, A., Lafragette, M., Muzotte, E., Pech, S. et al. (2016). Effects of propranolol, a beta-adrenergic antagonist, on memory consolidation and reconsolidation in mice. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience 10: 49. doi: 10.3389/fnbehn.2016.00049.Google Scholar
Volk, L., Bachman, J., Johnson, R., Yu, Y. and Huganir, R. (2013). PKM-ζ is not required for hippocampal synaptic plasticity, learning and memory. Nature 493: 420–423.Google Scholar
Volkow, N., Fowler, J., Logan, J., Alexoff, D., Zhu, W., Telang, F. et al. (2009). Effects of modafinil on dopamine and dopamine transporters in the male human brain. Journal of the American Medical Association 301: 1148–1154.Google Scholar
Wagatsuma, A., Okuyama, T., Sun, C., Smith, L., Abe, K. and Tonegawa, S. (2018). Locus coeruleus input to hippocampal CA3 drives single-trial learning of a novel context. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115: E310–E316.Google Scholar
Wang, T., Placek, K and Lewis-Peacock, J. (2019). More is less: increased processing of unwanted memories facilitates forgetting. Journal of Neuroscience 39: doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2033-18:2019.Google Scholar
Watrous, A., Tandon, N., Connor, C., Pieters, T. and Ekstrom, A. (2013). Frequency-specific network connectivity increases underlie accurate spatiotemporal memory retrieval. Nature Neuroscience 16: 349–356.Google Scholar
Wernicke, C. (1874). Der aphasische Symtomencomplex, eine psychologische Studie auf anatomischer Basis. Breslau: M. Cohn und Weigert.Google Scholar
Westbury, C. and Dennett, D. (2000). Mining the past to construct the future: memory and belief as forms of knowledge. In Schacter, and Scarry, , 11–32.Google Scholar
Wezenberg, E., Verkes, R., Ruigt, G., Hulstijn, W. and Sabbe, B. (2007). Acute effects of the ampakine farampator on memory and information processing in healthy elderly volunteers. Neuropsychopharmacology 32: 1272–1283.Google Scholar
Wimber, M., Alink, A., Charest, I., Kriegeskorte, N. and Anderson, M. (2015). Retrieval induces adaptive forgetting of competing memories via cortical pattern suppression. Nature Neuroscience 18: 582–589.Google Scholar
Winter, A. (2012). Memory: Fragments of a Modern History. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Wittmann, M. (2013). The inner sense of time: how the brain creates a representation of duration. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 14: 217–223.Google Scholar
Zadra, A., Desautels, A., Petit, D. and Montplaisir, J. (2013). Somnambulism: clinical aspects and pathophysiological hypotheses. Lancet Neurology 12: 285–294.Google Scholar
Zannas, A., Provencal, N. and Binder, E. (2015). Epigenetics of posttraumatic stress disorder: current evidence, challenges and future directions. Biological Psychiatry 78: 327–335.Google Scholar
Zeman, A., Kapur, N. and Jones-Gotman, M. (2012a). Introduction. In Zeman, , Kapur, and Jones-Gotman, , 2012b, 1–16.Google Scholar
Zeman, A., Kapur, N. and Jones-Gotman, M. (eds.). (2012b). Epilepsy and Memory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Zhou, Y., Won, J., Karlsson, M., Zhou, M., Rogerson, T., Balaji, J. et al. (2009). CREB regulates excitability and the allocation of memory to subsets of neurons in the amygdala. Nature Neuroscience 12: 1438–1443.Google Scholar