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Chapter 2 - Hematopoiesis

from Section I - Developmental Hematology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 January 2021

By
Amber M. D’Souza ,
Pedro A. de Alarcón  and
Mervin C. Yoder
Edited by
Pedro A. de Alarcón ,
Eric J. Werner ,
Robert D. Christensen  and
Martha C. Sola-Visner
Pedro A. de Alarcón
Affiliation:
University of Illinois College of Medicine
Eric J. Werner
Affiliation:
Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters
Robert D. Christensen
Affiliation:
University of Utah
Martha C. Sola-Visner
Affiliation:
Harvard University, Massachusetts
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Summary

Hematopoiesis refers to the continuous production and release of blood cells into the circulation. As blood cells become old or injured, self-renewing hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) proliferate and differentiate to replenish multiple hematopoietic lineages. This process produces nearly 200 billion red blood cells, 10 billion white blood cells, and 400 billion platelets every day. In addition to the requirement for high cell production, the concentration of individual blood cell lineages is precisely regulated in the peripheral blood and tissues. The production and use of circulating blood cells increase during periods of altered homeostasis such as defense against infection or replenishment of circulating red cells after hemorrhage. When the tightly regulated production of blood cells fails, the host may encounter life-threatening anemia or other cytopenias or suffer from excessive neoplastic growth of blood cells manifesting as leukemia.

Type
Chapter
Information
Neonatal Hematology
Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management of Hematologic Problems
 , pp. 10 - 24
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

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