Acemoglu, DaronJohnson, SimonRobinson, James A. 2001 The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development: An Empirical InvestigationAmerican Economic Review 91 1369CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Achen, Christopher H. 1986

Achen, Christopher H. 2002 Toward a New Political Methodology: Microfoundations and ARTAnnual Review of Political Science 5 423CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Angrist, Joshua D. 1990 Lifetime Earnings and the Vietnam Era Draft Lottery: Evidence from Social Security Administrative RecordsAmerican Economic Review 80 313Google Scholar

Angrist, Joshua D. 1990 Errata: Lifetime Earnings and the Vietnam Era Draft Lottery: Evidence from Social Security Administrative RecordsAmerican Economic Review 80 1284Google Scholar

Angrist, JoshuaBettinger, EricBloom, ErikKing, ElizabethMichael, Kremer 2002 Vouchers for Private Schooling in Colombia: Evidence from a Randomized Natural ExperimentAmerican Economic Review 92 1535CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Angrist, Joshua D.Bettinger, EricKremer, Michael 2006 Long-Term Educational Consequences of Secondary School Vouchers: Evidence from Administrative Records in ColombiaAmerican Economic Review 96 847CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Angrist, Joshua D.Chen, Stacey H. 2011 Schooling and the Vietnam-Era GI Bill: Evidence from the Draft LotteryAmerican Economic Journal: Applied Economics 3 96Google Scholar

Angrist, Joshua D.Chen, Stacey H.Brigham, Frandsen 2010 Did Vietnam Veterans Get Sicker in the 1990s? The Complicated Effects of Military Service on Self-Reported HealthJournal of Public Economics 94 824CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Angrist, Joshua D.Evans, William N. 1998 Children and Their Parents’ Labor Supply: Evidence from Exogenous Variation in Family SizeAmerican Economic Review 88 450Google Scholar

Angrist, Joshua D.Imbens, Guido W.Rubin, Donald B. 1996 Identification of Causal Effects Using Instrumental VariablesJournal of the American Statistical Association 91 444CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Angrist, Joshua D.Krueger, Alan B. 1991 Does Compulsory School Attendance Affect Schooling and Earnings?Quarterly Journal of Economics 106 979CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Angrist, Joshua D.Krueger, Alan B. 2001 Instrumental Variables and the Search for Identification: From Supply and Demand to Natural ExperimentsJournal of Economic Perspectives 15 69CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Angrist, Joshua D.Lavy, Victor 1999 Using Maimonides’ Rule to Estimate the Effect of Class Size on Student AchievementQuarterly Journal of Economics 114 533CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Angrist, Joshua D.Jörn-Steffen, Pischke 2008 Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricists’ CompanionPrinceton University PressGoogle Scholar

Ansolabehere, StephenSnyder, James N.Charles, Stewart 2000 Old Voters, New Voters, and the Personal Vote: Using Redistricting to Measure the Incumbency AdvantageAmerican Journal of Political Science 44 17CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Arceneaux, KevinGreen, DonaldGerber, Alan 2006 Comparing Experimental and Matching Methods Using a Large-Scale Voter Mobilization ExperimentPolitical Analysis 14 37CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Banerjee, AbhijitIyer, Lakshmi 2005 History, Institutions, and Economic Performance: The Legacy of Colonial Land Tenure Systems in IndiaAmerican Economic Review 95 1190CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bartels, Larry M. 1991 Instrumental and ‘Quasi-Instrumental’ VariablesAmerican Journal of Political Science 35 777CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bell, Robert M.McCaffrey, Daniel F. 2002 Bias Reduction in Standard Errors for Linear Regression with Multi-stage SamplesSurvey Methodology 29 169Google Scholar

Benjamini, YoavHochberg, Yosef 1995 The Control of the False Discovery Rate: A Practical and Powerful Approach to Multiple TestingJournal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B 57 289Google Scholar

Benjamini, YoavYekutieli, Daniel 2001 The Control of the False Discovery Rate in Multiple Testing under DependencyAnnals of Statistics 29 1165Google Scholar

Bennett, Andrew 2010 Brady, Collier,

Berger, Daniel 2009

Berk, Richard A.Freedman, David A. 2008 On Weighting Regressions by Propensity ScoresEvaluation Review 32 392Google Scholar

Black, S 1999 Do ‘Better’ Schools Matter? Parental Valuation of Elementary EducationQuarterly Journal of Economics 114 577CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Blattman, Christopher. 2008 From Violence to Voting: War and Political Participation in UgandaAmerican Political Science Review 103 231CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bloom, Howard S.Orr, Larry L.Bell, Stephen H.Cave, GeorgeDoolittle, FredLin, WinstonBos, Johannes M. 1997 The Benefits and Costs of JTPA Title II-A Programs: Key Findings from the National Job Training Partnership Act StudyJournal of Human Resources 32 549CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Boas, Taylor C.Hidalgo, F. Daniel 2011 Controlling the Airwaves: Incumbency Advantage and Community Radio in BrazilAmerican Journal of Political Science 55 869CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Boas, Taylor C.Hidalgo, F. DanielRichardson, Neal P. 2011

Bound, JohnJaeger, DavidBaker, Regina 1995 Problems with Instrumental Variables Estimation When the Correlation between the Instruments and the Endogenous Explanatory Variables is WeakJournal of the American Statistical Association 90 443Google Scholar

Bowles, SamuelHerbert, Gintis 2011 A Cooperative Species: Human Reciprocity and Its EvolutionPrinceton University PressGoogle Scholar

Brady, Henry E. 2008 Causality and Explanation in Social ScienceBox-Steffensmeier, Janet M.Brady, Henry E.Collier, DavidThe Oxford Handbook of Political MethodologyOxford University PressGoogle Scholar

Brady, Henry E. 2010

Brady, Henry E.David, Collier 2010 Rethinking Social Inquiry: Diverse Tools, Shared StandardsRowman & Littlefield

Brady, Henry E.Collier, DavidJason, Seawright 2010 Brady, Collier,

Brady, Henry E.McNulty, John E. 2011 Turning Out to Vote: The Costs of Finding and Getting to the Polling PlaceAmerican Political Science Review 105 115CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Brickman, PhilipRonnie, Janoff-BulmanDan, Coates 1978 Lottery Winners and Accident Victims: Is Happiness RelativeJournal of Personality and Social Psychology 36 917CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Brollo, FernandaNannicini, Tommaso 2010

Brollo, FernandaNannicini, TommasoPerotti, RobertoTabellini, Guido 2009

Bronars, Stephen G.Grogger, Jeff. 1994 The Economic Consequences of Unwed Motherhood: Using Twins as a Natural ExperimentAmerican Economic Review 84 1141Google Scholar

Bullock, John G.Ha, Shang E. 2011 Mediation Analysis Is Harder Than It LooksDruckman, James N.Green, Donald P.Kuklinski, James H.Arthur, LupiaCambridge Handbook of Experimental Political ScienceNew YorkCambridge University PressGoogle Scholar

Burghardt, JohnSchochet, Peter Z.McConnell, SheenaJohnson, TerryGritz, MarkGlazerman, StevenHomrighausen, JohnJackson, Russell H. 2001 Does Job Corps Work? Summary of the National Job Corps StudyResearch and Evaluation 01-J. Washington, DCUS Department of Labor, Employment and Training AdministrationGoogle Scholar

Cameron, Samuel 1988 The Economics of Crime Deterrence: A Survey of Theory and EvidenceKyklos 41 301CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Campbell, Donald T. 1969 Reforms as ExperimentsAmerican Psychologist 24 409CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Campbell, Donald T. 1984 Research Design for Program Evaluation: the Regression-Discontinuity ApproachTrochim, William M. K.Beverly HillsSage PublicationsGoogle Scholar

Campbell, Donald T.Boruch, Robert F. 1975 Making the Case for Randomized Assignment to Treatments by Considering the Alternatives: Six Ways in Which Quasi-experimental Evaluations in Compensatory Education Tend to Underestimate EffectsBennett, Carl A.Lumsdaine, Arthur A.Evaluation and Experiment: Some Critical Issues in Assessing Social ProgramsNew YorkAcademic PressGoogle Scholar

Campbell, Donald T.Ross, H. Laurence 1970 The Connecticut Crackdown on Speeding: Time-Series Data in Quasi-experimental AnalysisTufts, Edward R.The Quantitative Analysis of Social ProblemsReading, MAAddison-WesleyGoogle Scholar

Campbell, Donald T.Stanley, Julian C. 1966 Experimental and Quasi-experimental Designs for ResearchChicagoRand McNallyGoogle Scholar

Card, David 1995 Using Geographic Variation in College Proximity to Estimate the Return to SchoolingChristofides, L. N.Grant, E. K.Swidinsky, R.Aspects of Labor Market Behaviour: Essays in Honour of John VanderkampUniversity of Toronto PressGoogle Scholar

Card, DavidDobkin, CarlosMaestas, Nicole 2009 Quarterly Journal of Economics 124 597CrossRef

Card, DavidKrueger, Alan B. 1994 Minimum Wages and Employment: A Case Study of the Fast-Food Industry in New Jersey and PennsylvaniaAmerican Economic Review 84 772Google Scholar

Card, DavidLee, David S. 2007 Regression Discontinuity Inference with Specification ErrorJournal of Econometrics 142 655Google Scholar

Caughey, Devin M.Sekhon, Jasjeet S. 2011 Elections and the Regression-Discontinuity Design: Lessons from Close U.S. House Races, 1942–2008Political Analysis 19 385CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Chamon, Marcosde Mello, João M. P.Firpo, Sergio 2009

Chattopadhyay, RaghabendraEsther, Duflo 2004 Women as Policy Makers: Evidence from a Randomized Experiment in IndiaEconometrica 72 1409CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Clarke, Kevin A. 2005 The Phantom Menace: Omitted Variable Bias in Econometric ResearchConflict Management and Peace Science 22 341CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Cogneau, DenisMoradi, Alexander 2011

Collier, David. 2011 Teaching Process Tracing: Examples and Exercises.” Online supplement to David Collier, “Understanding Process TracingPS: Political Science and Politics 44 823http://polisci.berkeley.edu/people/faculty/person_detail.php?person=230Google Scholar

Collier, DavidBrady, Henry E.Jason, Seawright 2010 Brady, Collier,

Conley, DaltonHeerwig, Jennifer A. 2009

Cornfield, J. 1978 Randomization by Group: A Formal AnalysisAmerican Journal of Epidemiology 108 100CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Cox, David R. 1958 Planning of ExperimentsNew YorkJohn Wiley & SonsGoogle Scholar

Cox, Gary W. 1997 Making Votes Count: Strategic Coordination in the World’s Electoral SystemsCambridge University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Cox, GaryRosenbluth, FrancesThies, Michael F. 2000 Electoral Rules, Career Ambitions, and Party Structure: Conservative Factions in Japan’s Upper and Lower HousesAmerican Journal of Political Science 44 115CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dahl, Robert A. 1971 Polyarchy: Participation and OppositionNew Haven, CTYale University PressGoogle Scholar

Dal Bó, ErnestoRossi, Martín 2010

De Long, J. BradfordLang, Kevin 1992 Are All Economic Hypotheses FalseJournal of Political Economy 100 1257CrossRefGoogle Scholar

De Soto, Hernando 1989 The Other Path: The Economic Answer to TerrorismNew YorkBasic BooksGoogle Scholar

De Soto, Hernando 2000 The Mystery of Capital: Why Capitalism Triumphs in the West and Fails Everywhere ElseNew YorkBasic BooksGoogle Scholar

Deaton, Angus 2009

Deere, DonaldMurphy, Kevin M.Finis, Welch 1995 Sense and Nonsense on the Minimum WageRegulation: The Cato Review of Business and Government 18 47Google Scholar

Dehejia, Rajeev. 2005 Practical Propensity Score Matching: A Reply to Smith and ToddJournal of Econometrics 125 355CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dehejia, Rajeev H.Wahba, Sadek 1999 Causal Effects in Nonexperimental Studies: Reevaluating the Evaluation of Training ProgramsJournal of the American Statistical Association 94 1053CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Di Tella, RafaelSebastian, GalianiErnesto, Schargrodsky 2007 The Formation of Beliefs: Evidence from the Allocation of Land Titles to SquattersQuarterly Journal of Economics 122 209CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Di Tella, RafaelErnesto, Schargrodsky 2004 Do Police Reduce Crime? Estimates Using the Allocation of Police Forces after a Terrorist AttackAmerican Economic Review 94 115CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Diamond, JaredRobinson, James A. 2010 Natural Experiments of HistoryCambridge, MABelknap Press of Harvard University Press

Dobkin, CarlosShabini, Reza 2009 The Long Term Health Effects of Military Service: Evidence from the National Health Interview Survey and the Vietnam Era Draft LotteryEconomic Inquiry 47 69CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Doherty, DanielDonald, GreenAlan, Gerber 2005

Doherty, DanielDonald, GreenAlan, Gerber 2006 Personal Income and Attitudes toward Redistribution: A Study of Lottery WinnersPolitical Psychology 27 441CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Donner, AllanNicholas, BirkettCarol, Buck 1981 Randomization by Cluster: Sample Size Requirements and AnalysisAmerican Journal of Epidemiology 114 906CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Donner, AllanNeil, Klar 1994 Cluster Randomization Trials in Epidemiology: Theory and ApplicationJournal of Statistical Planning and Inference 42 37CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Donner, AllanNeil, Klar 2000 Design and Analysis of Cluster Randomization Trials in Health ResearchLondonEdward ArnoldGoogle Scholar

Druckman, James N.Green, Donald P.Kuklinski, James H.Lupia, Arthur 2011 Cambridge Handbook of Experimental Political ScienceNew YorkCambridge University PressCrossRef

Duflo, Esther. 2001 Schooling and Labor Market Consequences of School Construction in Indonesia: Evidence from an Unusual Policy ExperimentAmerican Economic Review 91 795CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dunning, Thad 2008 Improving Causal Inference: Strengths and Limitations of Natural ExperimentsPolitical Research Quarterly 61 282CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dunning, Thad 2008 Natural and Field Experiments: The Role of Qualitative MethodsQualitative and Multi-method Research 6 17Google Scholar

Dunning, Thad 2008 Model Specification in Instrumental-Variables RegressionPolitical Analysis 16 290CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dunning, Thad 2008 Crude Democracy: Natural Resource Wealth and Political RegimesNew YorkCambridge University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dunning, ThadBrady, Collier, 2010

Dunning, Thad 2010

Dunning, Thad 2011 Department of Political Science, Yale University

Dunning, ThadNilekani, Janhavi 2010

Duverger, Maurice. 1954 Political PartiesLondonMethuenGoogle Scholar

Eggers, Andrew C.Hainmueller, Jens 2009 MPs for Sale? Estimating Returns to Office in Post-war British PoliticsAmerican Political Science Review 103 513CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Eisenberg, DanielRowe, Brian 2009 The Effects of Smoking in Young Adulthood on Smoking Later in Life: Evidence Based on the Vietnam Era Draft LotteryForum for Health Economics & Policy 12 1CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Elis, RoyNeil, MalhotraMarc, Meredith 2009 Apportionment Cycles as Natural ExperimentsPolitical Analysis 17 358CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Erikson, RobertLaura, Stoker 2011 Caught in the Draft: The Effects of Vietnam Draft Lottery Status on Political AttitudesAmerican Political Science Review 105 221CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Evans, William N.Ringel, Jeanne S. 1999 Can Higher Cigarette Taxes Improve Birth Outcomes?Journal of Public Economics 72 135CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fearon, James D.Laitin, David D. 2008 Integrating Qualitative and Quantitative MethodsDavid, CollierBrady, Henry E.Box-Steffensmeier, Janet M.Oxford Handbook of Political MethodologyOxford University PressGoogle Scholar

Ferraz, ClaudioFinan, Frederico 2008 Exposing Corrupt Politicians: The Effect of Brazil’s Publicly Released Audits on Electoral OutcomesQuarterly Journal of Economics 123 703CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ferraz, ClaudioFinan, Frederico 2010

Fisher, Ronald A. 1951 The Design of ExperimentsLondonOliver and BoydGoogle Scholar

Freedman, David. 1983 A Note on Screening Regression EquationsAmerican Statistician 37 152Google Scholar

Freedman, David. 1991 Statistical Models and Shoe LeatherMarsden, Peter V.Sociological Methodology 21 Washington, DCAmerican Sociological AssociationGoogle Scholar

Freedman, David. 1999 From Association to Causation: Some Remarks on the History of StatisticsStatistical Science 14 243CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Freedman, David. 2006 Statistical Models for Causation: What Inferential Leverage Do They Provide?Evaluation Review 30 691CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Freedman, David. 2008 On Regression Adjustments to Experimental DataAdvances in Applied Mathematics 40 180CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Freedman, David. 2008 On Regression Adjustments in Experiments with Several TreatmentsAnnals of Applied Statistics 2 176CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Freedman, David. 2009 Statistical Models: Theory and PracticeCambridge University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Freedman, David.Brady, Collier, 2010

Freedman, David. 2010 Diagnostics Cannot Have Much Power Against General AlternativesFreedman, David A.Collier, DavidSekhon, Jasjeet S.Stark, Philip B.Statistical Models and Causal Inference: A Dialogue with the Social SciencesNew YorkCambridge University PressGoogle Scholar

Freedman, David A.David, CollierSekhon, Jasjeet S.Stark, Philip B. 2010 Statistical Models and Causal Inference: A Dialogue with the Social SciencesNew YorkCambridge University Press

Freedman, David A.Petitti, Diana B.Robins, James M. 2004 On the Efficacy of Screening for Breast CancerInternational Journal of Epidemiology 33 43CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Freedman, DavidPisani, RobertPurves, Roger 2007 StatisticsNew YorkW. W. Norton, IncGoogle Scholar

Fujiwara, Thomas. 2009

Fujiwara, Thomas. 2011 A Regression Discontinuity Test of Strategic Voting and Duverger’s LawQuarterly Journal of Political Science 6 197CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fukuyama, Francis 2011 Political Order in EgyptAmerican Interestwww.the-american-interest.com/article.cfm?piece=953Google Scholar

Galiani, SebastianRossi, Martín A.Ernesto, Schargrodsky 2011 Conscription and Crime: Evidence from the Argentine Draft LotteryAmerican Economic Journal: Applied Economics 3 119Google Scholar

Galiani, SebastianErnesto, Schargrodsky 2004 The Health Effects of Land TitlingEconomics and Human Biology 2 353CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Galiani, SebastianErnesto, Schargrodsky 2010 Property Rights for the Poor: Effects of Land TitlingJournal of Public Economics 94 700CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gardner, JonathanAndrew, Oswald 2001

Gelman, AndrewJennifer, Hill 2007 Data Analysis Using Regression and Multilevel/Hierarchical ModelsNew YorkCambridge University PressGoogle Scholar

George, Alexander L.Andrew, Bennett 2005 Case Studies and Theory DevelopmentCambridge, MAMIT PressGoogle Scholar

Gerber, Alan S.Green, Donald P. 2000 The Effects of Canvassing, Direct Mail, and Telephone Contact on Voter Turnout: A Field ExperimentAmerican Political Science Review 94 653CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gerber, Alan S.Green, Donald P. 2008 Field Experiments and Natural ExperimentsJanet, Box-SteffensmeierBrady, Henry E.David, CollierThe Oxford Handbook of Political MethodologyOxford University PressGoogle Scholar

Gerber, Alan S.Green, Donald P. 2012 Field Experiments: Design, Analysis, and InterpretationNew YorkW. W. Norton & CoGoogle Scholar

Gerber, Alan S.Kessler, Daniel P.Marc, Meredith 2011 The Persuasive Effects of Direct Mail: A Regression Discontinuity Based ApproachJournal of Politics 73 140CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gerber, Alan S.Neil, Malhotra 2008 Do Statistical Reporting Standards Affect What Is Published? Publication Bias in Two Leading Political Science JournalsQuarterly Journal of Political Science 3 313CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gilligan, Michael J.Sergenti, Ernest J. 2008 Do UN Interventions Cause Peace? Using Matching to Improve Causal InferenceQuarterly Journal of Political Science 3 89CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Glazer, AmihaiRobbins, Marc 1985 Congressional Responsiveness to Constituency ChangeAmerican Journal of Political Science 29 259CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Goldberg, JackRichards, MargaretAnderson, RobertRodin, Miriam 1991 Alcohol Consumption in Men Exposed to the Military Draft Lottery: A Natural ExperimentJournal of Substance Abuse 3 307CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Golden, MiriamPicci, Lucio 2011

Goldthorpe, John H. 2001 Causation, Statistics, and SociologyEuropean Sociological Review 17 1CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gould, Stephen Jay 1996 The Mismeasure of ManNew YorkNortonGoogle Scholar

Green, Donald P. 2009

Green, Donald P.Gerber, Alan S. 2008 Get Out The Vote: How to Increase Voter TurnoutWashington, DCBrookings Institution PressGoogle Scholar

Green, Donald P.Ha, Shang E.Bullock, John G. 2010 Enough Already About ‘Black Box’ Experiments: Studying Mediation Is More Difficult Than Most Scholars SupposeAnnals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 628 200CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Green, Donald P.Leong, Terence Y.Kern, Holger L.Alan, GerberLarimer, Christopher W. 2009 Testing the Accuracy of Regression Discontinuity Analysis Using Experimental BenchmarksPolitical Analysis 17 400CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Green, Donald P.Shapiro, Ian 1994 Pathologies of Rational Choice Theory: A Critique of Applications in Political ScienceNew Haven, CTYale University PressGoogle Scholar

Green, Donald P.Daniel, Winik 2010 Using Random Judge Assignments to Estimate the Effects of Incarceration and Probation on Recidivism Among Drug OffendersCriminology 48 357CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Green, Tina. 2005

Greene, William H. 2003 Econometric AnalysisUpper Saddle River, NJPrentice HallGoogle Scholar

Grofman, BernardBrunell, Thomas L.William, Koetzle 1998 Why Gain in the Senate but Midterm Loss in the House? Evidence from a Natural ExperimentLegislative Studies Quarterly 23 79CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Grofman, BernardGriffin, RobertBerry, Gregory 1995 House Members Who Become Senators: Learning from a ‘Natural Experiment.’Legislative Studies Quarterly 20 513CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gruber, Jonathan. 2000 Disability Insurance Benefits and Labor SupplyJournal of Political Economy 108 1162CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Guan, MeiGreen, Donald P. 2006 Non-coercive Mobilization in State-Controlled Elections: An Experimental Study in BeijingComparative Political Studies 39 1175CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Haber, StephenMenaldo, Victor 2011 Do Natural Resources Fuel Authoritarianism? A Reappraisal of the Resource CurseAmerican Political Science Review 105 1CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hahn, JinyongPetra, ToddVan Der Klaauw, Wilbert 1999

Hahn, JinyongPetra, ToddVan Der Klaauw, Wilbert 2001 Identification and estimation of treatment effects with a regression discontinuity designEconometrica 69 201CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hájek, J 1960 Limiting Distributions in Simple Random Sampling From a Finite PopulationMagyar Tudoanyos Akademia Budapest Matematikai Kutato Intezet Koezlemenyei 5 361Google Scholar

Hansen, Ben B.Jake, Bowers 2009 Attributing Effects to a Cluster-Randomized Get-Out-The-Vote CampaignJournal of the American Statistical Association 104 873CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hearst, NormanNewman, Tom B.Hulley, Stephen B. 1986 Delayed Effects of the Military Draft on Mortality: A Randomized Natural ExperimentNew England Journal of Medicine 314 620CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Heckman, James J. 2000 Causal Parameters and Policy Analysis in Economics: A Twentieth Century RetrospectiveQuarterly Journal of Economics 115 45CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Heckman, James J.Robb, Richard 1986 Alternative Methods for Solving the Problem of Selection Bias in Evaluating the Impact of Treatments on OutcomesWainer, HowardDrawing Inferences from Self-Selected SamplesNew YorkSpringer-VerlagGoogle Scholar

Heckman, James J.Sergio, Urzúa 2009

Heckman, James J.Urzúa, Sergio. 2010 Comparing IV with Structural Models: What Simple IV Can and Cannot IdentifyJournal of Econometrics 156 27CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Heckman, James J.Urzúa, SergioVytlacil, Edward 2006 Understanding Instrumental Variables in Models with Essential HeterogeneityReview of Economics and Statistics 88 389CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hidalgo, F. Daniel 2010

Hidalgo, F. DanielNaidu, SureshNichter, SimeonRichardson, Neal 2010 Occupational Choices: Economic Determinants of Land InvasionsReview of Economics and Statistics 92 505CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ho, Daniel E.Imai, Kosuke 2008 Estimating Causal Effects of Ballot Order from a Randomized Natural Experiment: California Alphabet Lottery, 1978–2002Public Opinion Quarterly 72 216CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Höglund, T 1978 Sampling from a Finite Population: A Remainder Term EstimateScandinavian Journal of Statistics 5 69Google Scholar

Holland, Paul W. 1986 Statistics and Causal InferenceJournal of the American Statistical Association 81 945CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Horiuchi, YusakaJun, Saito 2009

Horvitz, D. G.Thompson, D. J. 1952 A Generalization of Sampling without Replacement from a Finite UniverseJournal of the American Statistical Association 47 663CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Howell, William G.Wolf, Patrick J.Petersen, Paul E.Campbell, David E. 2000

Humphreys, Macartan. 2011

Hyde, Susan D. 2007 The Observer Effect in International Politics: Evidence from a Natural ExperimentWorld Politics 60 37CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hyde, Susan D. 2010 Experimenting with Democracy Promotion: International Observers and the 2004 Presidential Elections in IndonesiaPerspectives on Politics 8 511CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Imai, Kosuke. 2005 Do Get-Out-The-Vote Calls Reduce Turnout? The Importance of Statistical Methods for Field ExperimentsAmerican Political Science Review 99 283CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Imai, KosukeKeele, LukeTingley, DustinYamamoto, Teppei 2011 Unpacking the Black Box of Causality: Learning about Causal Mechanisms from Experimental and Observational StudiesAmerican Political Science Review 105 765CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Imai, KosukeGary, KingStuart, Elizabeth A. 2008 Misunderstandings Among Experimentalists and Observationalists About Causal InferenceJournal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A (Statistics in Society) 171 481CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Imbens, Guido W. 2009

Imbens, Guido W.Angrist, Joshua D. 1994 Identification and Estimation of Local Average Treatment EffectsEconometrica 62 467CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Imbens, GuidoKalyanaraman, Karthik 2009

Imbens, Guido W.Thomas, Lemieux 2007 Regression Discontinuity Designs: A Guide to PracticeJournal of Econometrics 142 615CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Imbens, GuidoDonald, RubinBruce, Sacerdote 2001 Estimating the Effect of Unearned Income on Labor Supply, Earnings, Savings and Consumption: Evidence from a Survey of Lottery PlayersAmerican Economic Review 91 778CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Iyer, Lakshmi 2010 Direct versus Indirect Colonial Rule in India: Long-Term ConsequencesReview of Economics and Statistics 92 693CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jacob, Brian A.Lefgren, Lars 2004 Remedial Education and Student Achievement: A Regression-Discontinuity AnalysisReview of Economics and Statistics 86 226CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jones, Benjamin F.Olken, Benjamin A. 2005 Do Leaders Matter? National Leadership and Growth Since World War IIQuarterly Journal of Economics 120 835Google Scholar

Kennedy, Peter. 1985 A Guide to EconometricsCambridge, MAMIT PressGoogle Scholar

Khandker, Shahidur R.Koolwal, Gayatri B.Samad, Hussain A. 2010 Handbook on Impact Evaluation: Quantitative Methods and PracticesWashington, DCWorld BankGoogle Scholar

King, GaryKeohane, Robert O.Sidney, Verba 1994 Designing Social Inquiry: Scientific Inference in Qualitative ResearchPrinceton University PressGoogle Scholar

Kish, Leslie 1965 Survey SamplingNew YorkJohn Wiley & SonsGoogle Scholar

Kling, Jeffrey R. 2006 Incarceration Length, Employment, and EarningsAmerican Economic Review 96 863CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kocher, Matthew Adam. 2007

Kousser, ThadMegan, Mullin 2007 Does Voting by Mail Increase Participation? Using Matching to Analyze a Natural ExperimentPolitical Analysis 15 1CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Krasno, Jonathan S.Green, Donald P. 2008 Do Televised Presidential Ads Increase Voter Turnout? Evidence from a Natural ExperimentJournal of Politics 70 245CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Krueger, Alan B. 1999 Experimental Estimates of Education Production FunctionsQuarterly Journal of Economics 114 497CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Laitin, David. 1986 Hegemony and Culture: Politics and Religious Change among the YorubaUniversity of Chicago PressGoogle Scholar

Lee, David S. 2008 Randomized Experiments from Non-random Selection in U.S. House ElectionsJournal of Econometrics 142 675CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lee, David S.Lemieux, Thomas 2010 Regression Discontinuity Designs in EconomicsJournal of Economic Literature 48 281CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lerman, Amy. 2008

Levitt, Steven D. 1997 Using Electoral Cycles in Police Hiring to Estimate the Effect of Police on CrimeAmerican Economic Review 87 270Google Scholar

Lieberman, Evan 2005 Nested Analysis as a Mixed-Method Strategy for Comparative ResearchAmerican Political Science Review 99 435CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lindahl, Mikail 2002

Lindquist, E. F. 1940 Statistical Analysis in Educational ResearchBostonHoughton MifflinGoogle Scholar

Litschig, StephanMorrison, Kevin 2009

Lyall, Jason. 2009 Does Indiscriminate Violence Incite Insurgent Attacks? Evidence from ChechnyaJournal of Conflict Resolution 53 331CrossRefGoogle Scholar

McClellan, MarkMcNeil, Barbara J.Newhouse, Joseph P. 1994 Does More Intensive Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction Reduce Mortality?Journal of the American Medical Association 272 859CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

McCrary, Justin 2007 Testing for Manipulation of the Running Variable in the Regression Discontinuity Design: A Density TestJournal of Econometrics 142 615Google Scholar

MacLean, Lauren M. 2010 Informal Institutions and Citizenship in Rural Africa: Risk and Reciprocity in Ghana and Cote d’IvoireNew YorkCambridge University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar

McNeil, B. J.Pauker, S. G.Sox, H. C.Tversky, A. 1982 On the Elicitation of Preferences for Alternative TherapiesNew England Journal of Medicine 306 1259CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Mahoney, James 2010 After KKV: The New Methodology of Qualitative ResearchWorld Politics 62 120CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Manacorda, MarcoEdward, MiguelAndrea, Vigorito 2011 Government Transfers and Political SupportAmerican Economic Journal: Applied Economics 3 1Google Scholar

Manski, Charles F. 1995 Identification Problems in the Social SciencesCambridge, MAHarvard University PressGoogle Scholar

Matsudaira, Jordan D. 2008 Mandatory Summer School and Student AchievementJournal of Econometrics 142 829CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mauldon, JaneMalvin, JanStiles, JonNicosia, NancySeto, Eva 2000

Meredith, Marc 2009 Persistence in Political ParticipationQuarterly Journal of Political Science 4 186CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Meredith, MarcMalhotra, Neil 2011 Convenience Voting Can Affect Election OutcomesElection Law Journal 10 227Google Scholar

Middleton, Joel A.Aronow, Peter M. 2011 http://ssrn.com/abstract=1803849http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1803849CrossRef

Miguel, Edward 2004 Tribe or Nation? Nation Building and Public Goods in Kenya versus TanzaniaWorld Politics 56 327CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Miguel, EdwardRay, Fisman 2006 Corruption, Norms, and Legal Enforcement: Evidence from Diplomatic Parking TicketsJournal of Political Economy 115 1020Google Scholar

Miguel, EdwardShanker, SatyanathErnest, Sergenti 2004 Economic Shocks and Civil Conflict: An Instrumental Variables ApproachJournal of Political Economy 122 725CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Miles, William F. S. 1994 Hausaland Divided: Colonialism and Independence in Nigeria and NigerIthaca, NYCornell University PressGoogle Scholar

Miles, WilliamRochefort, David 1991 Nationalism versus Ethnic Identity in Sub-Saharan AfricaAmerican Political Science Review 85 393CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Morton, Rebecca B.Williams, Kenneth C. 2008 Experimentation in Political ScienceBox-Steffensmeier, JanetBrady, Henry E.David, CollierThe Oxford Handbook of Political MethodologyOxford University PressGoogle Scholar

Morton, Rebecca B.Williams, Kenneth C. 2010 Experimental Political Science and the Study of Causality: From Nature to the LabNew YorkCambridge University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Moulton, Brent R. 1986 Random Group Effects and the Precision of Regression EstimatesJournal of Econometrics 32 385CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Neyman, Jerzy SplawaDabrowska, D. M.Speed, T. P. 1990 On the Application of Probability Theory to Agricultural Experiments. Essay on Principles. Section 9Statistical Science 5 465CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Nickerson, David 2008 Is Voting Contagious? Evidence from Two Field ExperimentsAmerican Political Science Review 102 49CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Nilekani, Janhavi. 2010

Paluck, Elizabeth Levy 2008 The Promising Integration of Qualitative Methods and Field ExperimentsQualitative and Multi-method Research 6 23Google Scholar

Permutt, ThomasHebel, J. Richard 1984 A Clinical Trial of the Change in Maternal Smoking and its Effect on Birth WeightJournal of the American Medical Association 251 911Google Scholar

Permutt, ThomasHebel, J. Richard 1989 Simultaneous-Equation Estimation in a Clinical Trial of the Effect of Smoking on Birth WeightBiometrics 45 619CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Porter, Jack. 2003

Posner, Daniel N. 2004 The Political Salience of Cultural Difference: Why Chewas and Tumbukas Are Allies in Zambia and Adversaries in MalawiAmerican Political Science Review 98 529CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Posner, Daniel N. 2005 Institutions and Ethnic Politics in AfricaCambridge University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Powers, D. E.Swinton, S. S. 1984 Effects of Self-Study for Coachable Test-Item TypesJournal of Educational Psychology 76 266CrossRefGoogle Scholar

R Development Core Team 2008 R: A Language and Environment for Statistical ComputingVienna, AustriaR Foundation for Statistical Computinghttp://www.R-project.orgGoogle Scholar

Ramsay, Kristopher W. 2011 Revisiting the Resource Curse: Natural Disasters, the Price of Oil, and DemocracyInternational Organization 65CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Richardson, Benjamin Ward 1936 John Snow, M.DThe Asclepiad 4 274Google Scholar

Robinson, GregoryMcNulty, John E.Krasno, Jonathan S. 2009 Observing the Counterfactual? The Search for Political Experiments in NaturePolitical Analysis 17 341CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rosenbaum, Paul R.Rubin, Donald B. 1983 The Central Role of the Propensity Score in Observational Studies for Causal EffectsBiometrika 70 41CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rosenzweig, Mark R.Wolpin, Kenneth I. 2000 Natural ‘Natural Experiments’ in EconomicsJournal of Economic Literature 38 827CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ross, Michael. 2001 Does Oil Hinder Democracy?World Politics 53 325CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rubin, Donald B. 1974 Estimating Causal Effects of Treatments in Randomized and Nonrandomized StudiesJournal of Educational Psychology 66 688CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rubin, Donald B. 1977 Assignment to Treatment on the Basis of a CovariateJournal of Educational Statistics 2 1CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rubin, Donald B. 1978 Bayesian Inference for Causal Effects: The Role of RandomizationAnnals of Statistics 6 34CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rubin, Donald B. 1990 Comment: Neyman (1923) and Causal Inference in Experiments and Observational StudiesStatistical Science 5 472CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Samii, CyrusAronow, Peter M. 2012 On Equivalencies between Design-Based and Regression-Based Variance Estimators for Randomized ExperimentsStatistics and Probability Letters 82 365CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Seawright, Jason. 2010 Collier, Brady,

Seawright, JasonJohn, Gerring 2008 Case Selection Techniques in Case Study Research: A Menu of Qualitative and Quantitative OptionsPolitical Research Quarterly 61 294CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sekhon, Jasjeet S. 2009 Opiates for the Matches: Matching Methods for Causal InferenceAnnual Review of Political Science 12 487CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sekhon, Jasjeet S.Rocío, Titiunik 2012 When Natural Experiments Are Neither Natural Nor ExperimentsAmerican Political Science Review 106 35CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sherman, LawrenceStrang, Heather 2004 Experimental Ethnography: The Marriage of Qualitative and Quantitative ResearchAnnals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences 595 204CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sinclair, BetsyMargaret, McConnellGreen, Donald P. 2011

Skocpol, Theda. 1979 States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia, and ChinaNew YorkCambridge University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Smith, Jeffrey A.Todd, Petra E. 2005 Does Matching Overcome LaLonde’s Critique of Nonexperimental Estimators?Journal of Econometrics 125 305CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Snow, John 1965 On the Mode of Communication of CholeraLondonJohn ChurchillGoogle Scholar

Sovey, Allison J.Green, Donald P. 2009 Instrumental Variables Estimation in Political Science: A Readers’ GuideAmerican Journal of Political Science 55 188CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Starr, Norton 1997 Nonrandom Risk: The 1970 Draft LotteryJournal of Statistics Education 5 www.amstat.org/publications/jse/v5n2/datasets.starr.htmlGoogle Scholar

Stasavage, David. 2003 Transparency, Democratic Accountability, and the Economic Consequences of Monetary InstitutionsAmerican Journal of Political Science 47 389CrossRefGoogle Scholar

StataCorp 2009 Stata Statistical Software: Release 11College Station, TXStataCorp LPGoogle Scholar

Stokes, Susan. 2009

Tannenwald, Nina. 1999 The Nuclear Taboo: The United States and the Normative Basis of Nuclear Non-useInternational Organization 53 433CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Thistlethwaite, Donald L.Campbell, Donald T. 1960 Regression-Discontinuity Analysis: An Alternative to the Ex-post Facto ExperimentJournal of Educational Psychology 51 309CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Titiunik, Rocío. 2009

Titiunik, Rocío 2011

Trochim, William M. K 1984 Research Design for Program Evaluation: the Regression-Discontinuity ApproachBeverly HillsSage PublicationsGoogle Scholar

UCLA Department of EpidemiologyLambeth WaterworksBrief History During the Snow Era: 1813–58UCLA Department of Epidemiologywww.ph.ucla.edu/epi/snow/1859map/lambeth_waterworks_a2.html 2012Google Scholar

UCLA Department of Epidemiology“Southwark and Vauxhall Water Company.” In Brief History during the Snow Era: 1813–58UCLA Department of Epidemiologywww.ph.ucla.edu/epi/snow/1859map/southwarkvauxhall_a2.html 2012Google Scholar

Van Evera, Stephen 1997 Guide to Methods for Students of Political ScienceIthaca, NYCornell University PressGoogle Scholar

Wooldridge, Jeffrey M. 2009 Introductory EconometricsCincinnati, OHSouth-Western College PublishingGoogle Scholar