Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of figures
- List of tables
- Notes on contributors
- Introduction
- Part 1 Fighting for the nation?
- Part 2 The varieties of nationalist experience
- 3 The state-to-nation balance and war
- 4 State violence in the origins of nationalism
- 5 When does nationalism turn violent?
- Part 3 Empires and nation-states
- Part 4 Empty shells, changed conditions
- Index
- References
3 - The state-to-nation balance and war
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 April 2013
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of figures
- List of tables
- Notes on contributors
- Introduction
- Part 1 Fighting for the nation?
- Part 2 The varieties of nationalist experience
- 3 The state-to-nation balance and war
- 4 State violence in the origins of nationalism
- 5 When does nationalism turn violent?
- Part 3 Empires and nation-states
- Part 4 Empty shells, changed conditions
- Index
- References
Summary
How can we best explain the high war-propensity of certain states, especially if it persists over long periods of time, beyond the tenure of specific leaders? A related question is why is the danger of war concentrated in some specific locales such as China–Taiwan, Korea (and earlier also in Vietnam), Kashmir, the border area between Afghanistan and Pakistan, Turkey–Greece–Cyprus, Israel–Palestine–Lebanon–Syria, Iran–Bahrain/Iraq–Kuwait, the Balkans, and the Caucusus – while the danger of war almost doesn't exist in other places? Is it because of factors related to the global or regional balance of capabilities, the type of domestic regimes, or are there perhaps alternative causal factors?
I argue that the key for explaining variations in the war-propensity of states is their state-to-nation balance. This balance is composed of three major components: (1) The extent of success in state building, that is, state capacity or the level of stateness; (2) The level of internal national congruence; (3) The extent of external national congruence. Two key factors – demography and history – influence the likelihood that the national incongruence will be translated to nationalist challenges to the status quo.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Nationalism and War , pp. 73 - 96Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2013
References
. 1991. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origins and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso.Google Scholar
1997. “‘Nation’ and ‘Nationalism’: The Misuse of Key Concepts in Political Science.”PS: Political Science & Politics. 30(4): 712–16.Google Scholar
. (ed.). 1993. Ethnic Conflict and International Security. Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
. 1996. Nationalism Reframed: Nationhood and the National Question in the New Europe.Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. 1998. “Myths and Misconceptions in the Study of Nationalism.” Pp. 272–306 in The State of the Nation: Ernest Gellner and the Theory of Nationalism, edited by . Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. 1991. People, States and Fear: An Agenda for International Security Studies in the Post-Cold War Era. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.Google Scholar
and . 1998. “Why They Fight: Hypotheses on the Causes of Contemporary Deadly Conflict.”Security Studies 7(3): 1–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. 1993. “The International Dimension of Ethnic Conflict.”Journal of Peace Research 30(2): 137–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (eds.). 1997. Wars in the Midst of Peace: The International Politics of Ethnic Conflict. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.
. 1997. Emergent Actors in World Politics: How States and Nations Develop and Dissolve. Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
2002. Blood and Debt: War and the Nation-State in Latin America. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.Google Scholar
and . 2004. “Nationalist Strategies and European Integration.”Perspectives on Politics 2(1): 21–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. 2002. “The Roots of Revisionism: Fascist Italy, 1922–39.”Security Studies 11(4): 125–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. 1992. “Sovereignty, Statecraft, and Stability in the Middle East.” Journal of International Affairs 45(2): 441–69.Google Scholar
and . 1998. “What is the Offense-Defense Balance and How Can We Measure It?”International Security 22(4): 44–82.Google Scholar
2003. The International Politics of the Middle East. Manchester University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. 1990. Nations and Nationalism since 1780: Programme, Myth, Reality. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
. 1998. World Disorders: Troubled Peace in the Post-Cold War Era. Lanham, MA: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar
1991. Peace and War: Armed Conflicts and International Order 1648–1989. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1991. “Irredentas and Secessions: Adjacent Phenomena, Neglected Connections.” Pp. 9–22 in Irredentism and International Politics, edited by . Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.Google Scholar
1994. “Democracy in Divided Societies.” Pp. 35–55. in Nationalism, Ethnic Conflict, and Democracy, edited by and . Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
. 1996. Standing Your Guard: Territorial Disputes and International Conflict. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
1997. “Matters of Multilateralism: Implications for Regional Conflict Management.” Pp. 165–94 in Regional Orders: Building Security in a New World, edited by and . University Park : Pennsylvania State University Press.Google Scholar
and . 1996. “Coping with Conflict: A Global Approach.” Pp. 3–34 in Coping with Conflict after the Cold War, edited by and . Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
(ed.). 1995. Nationalism and Nationalities in the New Europe. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
1998. “After Pax Americana: Benign Power, Regional Integration, and the Sources of a Stable Multipolarity.”International Security 23(2): 40–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. 1981. Between Peace and War: the Nature of International Crisis. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
. 1980. “Roots of the Modern Interstate Border Dispute.”Journal of Conflict Resolution 24(3): 427–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. 1993. The Sources of Social Power. 3 vols. Vol. II: The Rise of Classes and Nation-States, 1760–1914. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and . 2005. Electing to Fight: Why Emerging Democracies Go to War. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
. 2004. “Pacifism and Fightaholism in International Politics: A Structural History of National and Dyadic Conflict, 1816–1992.”International Studies Review 6(4): 107–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. 2007. States, Nations and the Great Powers: The Sources of Regional War and Peace. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and . 1998. “Transnational Ethnic Ties and Foreign Policy.” Pp. 89–103 in The International Spread of Ethnic Conflict, edited by and . Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
. 2002. Understanding Ethnic Violence: Fear, Hatred, and Resentment in Twentieth-Century Eastern Europe. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(ed.). 2003. State Failure and State Weakness in a Time of Terror. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
2001. The Ties that Divide: Ethnic Politics, Foreign Policy and International Conflict. New York: Columbia University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. 1994. “Bandwagoning for Profit: Bringing the Revisionist State Back In.”International Security 19(1): 72–107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. 1996. “Neorealism's Status Quo Bias: What Security Dilemma?”Security Studies 5(3): 90–121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. 1998. Deadly Imbalances: Tripolarity and Hitler's Strategy of World Conquest. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
1999/2000. “Provisional Stabilities: The Politics of Identities in Post-Soviet Eurasia.”International Security 24(3): 139–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. 1975. “Western State-making.” Pp. 601–638 in The Formation of National States in Western Europe, edited by . Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
. 2002/3. “Indivisible Territory, Geographic Concentration, and Ethnic War.”Security Studies 12(2): 82–119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. 2003. Geography of Ethnic Violence: Identity, Interests, and the Indivisibility of Territory. Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
. 1995. “Hypotheses on Nationalism and War.” Pp. 251–85 in Global Dangers – An International Security Reader, edited by and . Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
. 1998. “Offense, Defense, and the Causes of War.”International Security 22(4): 5–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2003. “Explaining the Intractability of Territorial Conflict.”International Studies Review 5(4): 137–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. 1971. “The Macedonian Syndrome: A Historical Model of International Relations and Political Development”World Politics 23: 665–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. 1987. “Political Change: Asia, Africa and the Middle East.” Pp. 33–63 in Understanding Political Development, edited by and . Boston: Little, Brown.Google Scholar
. 1993. “Domestic Politics and Ethnic Conflict.” Pp. 43–60 in Ethnic Conflict and International Security, edited by . Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
2001. Despite Nationalist Conflicts: Theory and Practice of Maintaining World Peace. Westport, CT: Praeger.Google Scholar
. 2004. “Unwelcome Neighbors: Shared Ethnicity and International Conflict during the Cold War.”International Studies Quarterly 48(1): 197–223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 3
- Cited by