The early fourteenth-century pontifical owned by Anian, bishop of Bangor, is an important source of late medieval chant and rituals. The activities of Welsh bishops as suffragans in English dioceses explain some of the unexpected contents and details, with two rites of the dead – one for a religious community using Romano-Franciscan chant, the other of the Use of Salisbury. Written c. 1315–20 as a coherent manuscript with one main scribe in the time of Anian II of Bangor, it was probably copied from a composite anthology compiled principally during the time of Anian I in the late thirteenth century. The ‘more-than-local’ pontifical is placed in the context of recently discovered fragments ‘local’ to the diocese of Salisbury, as well as certain Welsh and Irish adoptions and adaptations of Salisbury Use.