In this chapter, we explore the potential of conceptualizing identity as a complex dynamic system. The chapter begins with a critical reflection on how problematic dichotomies in discussions of self and identity have created unhelpful barriers between different areas of self-related work. Exploring integrative approaches to conceptualizing self, we suggest ways in which identity can be viewed as a complex dynamic system. In particular, we focus on the characteristic of emergence and how this can accommodate the notion of a continuously dynamic, adaptive and emergent sense of self. Additionally, we argue for a greater integration of both the psychological and the social in discussions of identity. We draw parallels to developments in multilingualism and notions of translanguaging which also point to the merits of a complexity perspective. Considering the implications for research, we stress the need to capture complexity which involves the psychological and social as well as dynamics across different timescales. We illustrate our line of thinking with data extracts from a study with English-Medium Instruction (EMI) teachers working in Austria.