This entire project started with a particular inquiry: why is it that the religion-and-state conflict in Israel is so Jewish majority–centered, while in many other countries the conflict is rather saturated with religious minority matters. Looking at the religion-and-state debate in the United States and Canada, one finds questions related to religious minorities such as Mormons, Jehovah’s Witnesses, Seventh-Day Adventists, Amish, the Native American Church, ultra-Orthodox Jews, Muslims, and others. Some legal controversies regarding these minorities culminated in major precedents defining the proper relationship between religion and state in these countries. Also in Europe, the various countries as well as European Union institutions have been occupied with the legal issues presented by religious minorities’ norms and practices. Prominent among these issues are the Muslim veil in France; the Sikh Turban, the proper status of shari’a, and even defining “who is a Jew” in England; male circumcision and the kosher and halal slaughter of animals in Germany; and the burqa in Belgium and many other European countries.