Samuel Finer’s History of Government (1997) distinguishes four main actors that may rule alone or in various combinations: Palace, Church, Nobility, and Forum. We generalize these terms to Regulators (R), Talkers (T), Doers (D), and Followers (F), shown visually in a flattened R-TDF tetrahedron. As types of rulers, absolute monarchy appears as just R, while ideal democracy is F→R and Egypt 2025 might be R↔D. Disproving various other criteria offered, we conclude that a tribe or chiefdom turns into a state when all three RTD functions occupy some people full time, supported by taxation power. This chapter further reviews critically major inventions in statecraft, as proposed by Finer (1997)..