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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 November 2011
The energy budget components at selected areas of the north Indian Ocean during different epochs of the summer monsoon period of 1977 are investigated. Marine meteorological data collected by the four-USSR-Ship-Polygon (MONSOON-77 Experiment) are used to evaluate net radiation, latent and sensible heat exchanges, and the net heat gain by the oceanic surface. Variations of these parameters are critically examined in relation to the fluctuations in surface pressure gradient force (∇p) and surface relative vorticity (ζ) which are taken as measures of atmospheric instability. Significant differences are found in the heat budget components during different monsoon periods over both the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal.
Introduction
The large-scale flow patterns associated with the Indian summer monsoon have been described by many workers as being associated with the annual cycle of solar radiation and the differential heating of the land and sea surfaces. This approach broadly explains the onset and the existence of the monsoon, but it cannot explain the fluctuations and variability of monsoon activity. Attempts have recently been made to investigate the air-sea interaction over the north Indian Ocean along the track of the low-level monsoonal flow. Studies by Saha (1970,1974) and Ellis (1952) indicated that the sea-surface temperature (SST) may have an important influence on the monsoonal flow and the associated rainfall. Shukla (1975) suggested that an SST anomaly of a few degrees centigrade over the western part of the Arabian Sea could have a significant effect upon the monsoonal precipitation in the neighbourhood of the Indian subcontinent.
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