Molière played a significant role in the birth of Arab theatre and has continued to influence it right down to the present day. Every pioneer, from the Machrek to the Maghreb and not forgetting the Gulf, has been inspired by the Molière repertoire, and experts have often queried the reasons for his success. Presenting works by authors from all over the Arab world, this chapter defines Molière’s role in the development of a national Arab theatre, considering some of the adjustments and adaptations that proved necessary.