Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Contributors
- Chapter 1 Introduction
- Chapter 2 Magma chamber dynamics and thermodynamics
- Chapter 3 The dynamics of dike propagation
- Chapter 4 Dynamics of magma ascent in the volcanic conduit
- Chapter 5 Lava flows
- Chapter 6 Unsteady explosive activity
- Chapter 7 Unsteady explosive activity
- Chapter 8 Sustained explosive activity
- Chapter 9 Modeling tephra sedimentation from volcanic plumes
- Chapter 10 Pyroclastic density currents
- Chapter 11 Magma–water interactions
- Chapter 12 Deep-sea eruptions
- Chapter 13 Volcano–ice interactions
- Chapter 14 Modeling lahar behavior and hazards
- Chapter 15 Introduction to quantitative volcano seismology
- Chapter 16 Volcano acoustics
- Chapter 17 Planetary volcanism
- Index
- Plate section
- References
Chapter 12 - Deep-sea eruptions
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 March 2013
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Contributors
- Chapter 1 Introduction
- Chapter 2 Magma chamber dynamics and thermodynamics
- Chapter 3 The dynamics of dike propagation
- Chapter 4 Dynamics of magma ascent in the volcanic conduit
- Chapter 5 Lava flows
- Chapter 6 Unsteady explosive activity
- Chapter 7 Unsteady explosive activity
- Chapter 8 Sustained explosive activity
- Chapter 9 Modeling tephra sedimentation from volcanic plumes
- Chapter 10 Pyroclastic density currents
- Chapter 11 Magma–water interactions
- Chapter 12 Deep-sea eruptions
- Chapter 13 Volcano–ice interactions
- Chapter 14 Modeling lahar behavior and hazards
- Chapter 15 Introduction to quantitative volcano seismology
- Chapter 16 Volcano acoustics
- Chapter 17 Planetary volcanism
- Index
- Plate section
- References
Summary
Overview
The most abundant and widespread volcanic behavior on Earth is the effusive eruption of basaltic lava on the ocean floors – most of it from mid-ocean ridge eruptions. The inaccessibility of the deep (> 500 m below sea level) sea floor limits direct observations of submarine volcanic phenomena. Observations of volcanic products are therefore the primary means by which the dynamics of mid-ocean ridge eruptions are constrained and evaluated. Submarine lava flow morphology can be used to constrain local flow rate if lava viscosity is known. Recent deep (> 500 m) explosive eruptions of seamounts have been directly observed.
Introduction
The majority of Earth’s surface is covered with oceans, and the oceanic floors are underlain by basaltic lavas erupted at mid-ocean ridges. The most common volcanic eruption on Earth is a submarine, mid-ocean ridge eruption, and understanding the processes that occur during these volcanic events provides a strong foundation for understanding other submarine eruptions. Although Iceland, located at the intersection of a mid-ocean ridge and a mantle plume, provides an opportunity to examine mid-ocean ridge eruptions on land, it is important to remember that Iceland is not a typical mid-ocean ridge volcanic system. Throughout this chapter, then, the phrase “mid-ocean ridge” will refer to the submarine variety unless otherwise stated.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Modeling Volcanic ProcessesThe Physics and Mathematics of Volcanism, pp. 258 - 274Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2013
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