This and the next chapter deal with a number of notions and forms of which the linguistic or semantic status is or can be disputed, but which in the present analysis are considered non-attitudinal. The present chapter deals with the notions of directivity, volition and intention, which are argued to be action related, hence to pertain to the cognitive domain of communication planning. It also reanalyzes the concept of evidentiality, arguing for a very different cognitive status of inferentiality, as an attitudinal category, on the one hand, and on the other hand of the traditional categories of hearsay and experience, as well as of a less traditional category called ‘memory.’