Aalberts, T., Kurowska, X., Leander, A., Mälksoo, M., Heath-Kelly, C., Lobato, L., and Svensson, T.. 2020. “Rituals of World Politics: On (Visual) Practices Disordering Things.” Critical Studies on Security 8, no. 3: 240‒64.Google Scholar

Abbas, H. 2011, October 19. Dynamics of Syrian Uprising. Jadaliyya.Google Scholar

Acuto, M. 2014. “Everyday International Relations.” International Political Sociology 8, no. 4: 345‒62.Google Scholar

Adams, T., and Kampf, Z.. 2020. “Solemn and Just Demands: Seeking Apologies in the International Arena.” Review of International Studies 46, no. 4: 555‒72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Adler, E., and Pouliot, V.. 2011. “International Practices.” International Theory 3, no. 1: 1‒36.Google Scholar

Adler-Nissen, R. 2012. “Diplomacy as Impression Management: Strategic Face-Work and Post-Colonial Embarrassment.” Working Paper 38, Centre for International Peace and Security Studies, McGill University and the University of Montreal. Montreal: McGill University.Google Scholar

Adler-Nissen, R., and Pouliot, V.. 2014. “Power in Practice: Negotiating the International Intervention in Libya.” European Journal of International Relations 20, no. 4: 889‒911.Google Scholar

Adler-Nissen, R., and Tsinovoi, A.. 2019. “International Misrecognition: The Politics of Humour and National Identity in Israel’s Public Diplomacy.” European Journal of International Relations 25, no. 1: 3‒29.Google Scholar

Aggestam, K. 2016. “Diplomatic Mediation.” In The SAGE Handbook of Diplomacy, edited by Constantinou, C.M., Kerr, P., and Sharp, P., 220‒30. London: Sage.Google Scholar

Aggestam, K., and Strömbom, L.. 2013. “Disempowerment and Marginalisation of Peace NGOs: Exposing Peace Gaps in Israel and Palestine.” Peacebuilding 1, no. 1: 109‒24.Google Scholar

Aggestam, K., and Svensson, I.. 2018. “Where Are the Women in Peace Mediation?” In Gendering Diplomacy and International Negotiation, edited by Aggestam, K. and Towns, E.E., 149‒68. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar

Aggestam, K., and Towns, A.. 2019. “The Gender Turn in Diplomacy: A New Research Agenda.” International Feminist Journal of Politics 21, no. 1: 9‒28. doi: 10.1080/14616742.2018.1483206.Google Scholar

Aggestam, K., Cristiano, F., and Strömbom, L.. 2015. “From Antagonistic Conflict to Agonistic Peacebuilding: Revisiting the MEPP.” Third World Quarterly 36, no. 9: 1736‒53.Google Scholar

Åhäll, L. 2019. “Feeling Everyday IR: Embodied, Affective, Militarising Movement as Choreography of War.” Cooperation and Conflict 54, no. 2: 149‒66.Google Scholar

Jazeera, Al. 2011. “Shouting in the Dark” [video file]. www.youtube.com/watch?v=xaTKDMYOBOU.Google Scholar

Jazeera, Al. 2022. “Is Russia Losing the War in Ukraine?” Inside Story. www.aljazeera.com/program/inside-story/2022/9/12/is-russia-losing-the-war-in.Google Scholar

Albaret, M., and Brun, É.. 2022. “Dissenting at the United Nations: Interaction Orders and Venezuelan Contestation Practices (2015–16).” Review of International Studies 48, no. 3: 523–542. doi: 10.1017/S0260210522000043.Google Scholar

Aldairy, A. 2013. “Coming Down from the Tower.” In Writing Revolution: The Voices from Tunis to Damascus, edited by Cassel, M. and Al-Zubaidi, L., 130‒57. London: I.B. Tauris.Google Scholar

Alfort, S. 2022. Damer der var for meget. Copenhagen: Gads Forlag.Google Scholar

Alhassen, M. 2012. Please Reconsider the Term “Arab Spring.” The Huffington post. URL: www.huffingtonpost.com/maytha-alhassen/please-reconsider-arab-sp_b_1268971.htmlGoogle Scholar

Allison, G. 2017. Destined for War: Can America and China Escape Thucydides’ Trap? New York: Scribe Publications.Google Scholar

Alwan, L. 2016. “Syrian Revolutionaries: Carrying Arms Was Not a Choice.” Al Arabia English (http://english.alarabiya.net/en/perspective/features/2016/03/15/Syrian-revolutionaries-Carrying-arms-was-not-a-choice-.html).Google Scholar

Amnesty International. 2011. Tunisia in Revolt, State Violence During Antigovernment Protests. London: Peter Benenson House (https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/MDE30/011/2011/en/).Google Scholar

Andersen, N.Å., Esmark, A., and Laustsen, C.B.. 2005. Socialkonstruktivistiske analysestrategier: en introduktion. Copenhagen: Roskilde Universitetsforlag.Google Scholar

Anisin, A., and Musil, P.A.. 2021. “Protester‒Police Fraternization in the 2013 Gezi Park Uprisings.” Social Movement Studies 21, no. 4: 395–412. doi: 10.1080/14742837.2021.1884976.Google Scholar

Appadurai, A. 1998. “Dead Certainty: Ethnic Violence in the Era of Globalization.” Development and Change 29:905–25. doi:10.1111/1467-7660.00103.Google Scholar

Arab News. 2022. Mahsa Amini’s Death in Iranian Police Custody Has Lit a Spark in a Nation Seething with Anger and Discontent. September 25. https://arab.news/nzj5f.Google Scholar

Ashley, R. 1987. “Foreign Policy as Political Performance.” International Studies Notes 13, no. 2: 51‒4.Google Scholar

Austin, J.L. 2020. “Violence in Action: The Local Ordering of War Crimes.” Presented at the Swiss Political Science Association 2020 Meeting, Lucerne.Google Scholar

Autesserre, S. 2014. Peaceland: Conflict Resolution and the Everyday Politics of International Intervention. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Bahrain Rights. 2011. “The Human Price for Freedom and Justice, A Joint Report on Human Rights Violations in Bahrain,” November. www.bahrainrights.org/BCHR/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/BahrainTheHumanPrice.pdf.Google Scholar

Baker, W.E. 2019. “Emotional Energy, Relational Energy, and Organizational Energy: Toward a Multilevel Model.” Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior 6, no. 1: 373‒95. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-012218-015047.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ballentine, K., Sherman, J., and International Peace Academy. 2003. The Political Economy of Armed Conflict: Beyond Greed and Grievance. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.Google Scholar

Barakat, R., and Goldenblatt, D.. 2012. “Coping with Anti-Normalization.” Palestine-Israel Journal of Politics, Economics, and Culture 18, nos. 2/3: 86.Google Scholar

Bartkowski, M. and Kahf, M.. September 2013. “The Syrian Resistance: A Tale of Two Struggles." Open Democracy. (www.opendemocracy.net/civilresistance/maciej-bartkowski-mohja-kahf/syrian-resistance-tale-of-two-struggles).Google Scholar

Batstone, J. 2014. “The Use of Strategic Nonviolent Action in the Arab Spring.” Peace Review 26, no. 1:28–37. doi: 10.1080/10402659.2014.876308.Google Scholar

Ben-Shalom, U., Moshe, R., Mash, R., and Dvir, A.. 2018. “Micro-Sociology and New Wars: Visual Analysis of Terror Attacks during the ‘Intifada of the Individuals.’” Armed Forces & Society 46, no. 2: 281–301. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327X18811382.Google Scholar

Bercovitch, J. 2011. Theory and Practice of International Mediation: Selected Essays. Abingdon: Routledge.Google Scholar

Berdal, M.R., Malone, D., and International Peace Academy. 2000. Greed & Grievance: Economic Agendas in Civil Wars. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.Google Scholar

Berkowitz, L. and Lepage, A.. 1967. “Weapons as Aggression-Eliciting Stimuli.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 7 no. 2: 202–207. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0025008Google Scholar

Berry, J. 2008. “Building Bridges for Peace.” Criminal Justice Matters 73, no. 1: 35‒6. doi: 10.1080/09627250802277025.Google Scholar

Bharadwaj, L. 1998. “Principled versus Pragmatic Nonviolence.” Peace Review 10, no. 1: 79‒81.Google Scholar

Blair, T. 2014. “Tony Blair: Pain, Passion and Empathy: What I’ve Learned about Peacemaking.” Charter for Compassion. https://charterforcompassion.org/visiting-and-revisiting-history/tony-blair-pain-passion-and-empathy-what-i-ve-learned-about-peacemaking.Google Scholar

Bleiker, R. 2009. Aesthetics and World Politics (Rethinking Peace and Conflict Studies). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar

Bleiker, R., and Butler, S.. 2016. “Radical Dreaming: Indigenous Art and Cultural Diplomacy.” International Political Sociology 10, no. 1: 56‒74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Boyns, D., and Luery, S.. 2015. “Negative Emotional Energy: A Theory of the ‘Dark-Side’ of Interaction Ritual Chains.” Social Science 4, no. 1: 148–70.Google Scholar

Bramsen, I. 2017a. “Perceptions of Peace in Costa Rica.” In Fred, Forsoning og Mægling: Festskrift Vibeke Vindeløv, edited by Rønne, A., Adrian, L., and Nielsen, L., 75‒95. Copenhagen: Djøf Publishing.Google Scholar

Bramsen, I. 2017b. Route Causes of Conflict: Trajectories of Violent and Non-Violent Conflict Intensification. PhD diss., Department of Political Science, Faculty of Social Science, Copenhagen University.Google Scholar

Bramsen, I. 2018a. “How Violence Happens (or Not): Situational Conditions of Violence and Nonviolence in Bahrain, Tunisia and Syria.” Psychology of Violence 8, no. 3: 305‒15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bramsen, I. 2018b. “How Civil Resistance Succeeds (or Not): Micro-Dynamics of Unity, Timing and Escalatory Actions.” Peace & Change 43, no. 1: 61‒89.Google Scholar

Bramsen, I. 2018c. “Micro-Dynamics of Repression: How Interactions between Protesters and Security Forces Shaped the Bahraini Uprising.” Scandinavian Journal of Military Studies 2, no. 1: 9‒19.Google Scholar

Bramsen, I. 2019a. “Avoiding Violence: Eleven Ways Activists Can Confine Violence in Civil Resistance Campaigns.” Conflict Resolution Quarterly 36, no. 4: 329‒44.Google Scholar

Bramsen, I. 2019b. “From Civil Resistance to Civil War: Nonstrategic Mechanisms of Militarization in the Syrian Uprising.” Peace & Change 45, no. 2, 256‒86.Google Scholar

Bramsen, I. 2019c. “Escalation or De-Mobilization? Diverging Dynamics of Conflict Displacement and Violent Repression in Bahrain and Syria.” In Resolving International Conflict, Dynamics of Escalation, Continuation and Transformation, edited by Bramsen, I., Poder, P., and Wæver, O., 55‒71. Abingdon, Oxon, New York: Routledge.Google Scholar

Bramsen, I. 2020. “To Strike Together: Conflict Rituals and the Situational Power of Nonviolence.” The Journal of Resistance Studies 6, no. 2: 96–111.Google Scholar

Bramsen, I. 2022a. “Agonistic Interaction in Practice: Laughing, Dissensus and Hegemony in the Northern Ireland Assembly.” Third World Quarterly 43, no. 6: 1324‒42.Google Scholar

Bramsen, I. 2022b. “Transformative Diplomacy? Micro-Sociological Observations from the Philippine Peace Talks.” International Affairs 98, no. 3: 933‒51.Google Scholar

Bramsen, I. 2022c. Controversies of Inclusion in the Colombian Peace Process: The Balancing Act of Introducing New Norms and Gaining Popular Support, FAIR Case Brief, 5. Oslo: PRIO.Google Scholar

Bramsen, I. 2023. “The web of relations shaping the Philippine peace talks”. In Jarstad, A., Söderström, J., & Åkebo, M. (Eds.). Relational peace practices. Manchester, England: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar

Bramsen, I. Forthcoming. “When Friendship Is Not Enough: The Philippine Peace Talks.” In Relational Peace, edited by Söderström, J., Åkebo, M., and Jarstad, A.K.. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar

Bramsen, I., and Austin, J.L.. 2022. “Affects, Emotions and Interaction: The Methodological Promise of Video Data Analysis in Peace Research.” Conflict, Security & Development 22, no. 5: 457–73.Google Scholar

Bramsen, I., and Hagemann, A.. 2019. “The Micro-Dynamics of Empowerment in Diplomatic Networking: The Case of the Nordic Women Mediators.” Paper presented at the International Studies Association (ISA) Annual Conference, Baltimore, MD, March 2019.Google Scholar

Bramsen, I., and Hagemann, A.. 2021. “The Missing Sense of Peace: Diplomatic Approachment and Virtualization during the COVID-19 Lockdown.” International Affairs 97, no. 2: 539‒60.Google Scholar

Bramsen, I., and Morales, M.d.M.. 2022. “From the Streets to the Table: Dynamics of Interaction, Counter-Hegemony and Change in the Colombian National Dialogue.” Paper presented at the International Studies Association (ISA) Annual Conference, Nashville, TN, March 2022.Google Scholar

Bramsen, I., and Poder, P.. 2014. “Understanding Three Basic Emotional Dynamics in Conflicts: A Situational Research Agenda.” Peace Research: Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies 46, no. 2, 51‒68.Google Scholar

Bramsen, I., and Poder, P.. 2018. “Emotional Dynamics in Conflict and Conflict Transformation.” In: Berghof Handbook for Conflict Transformation, 1‒15. Berlin: Berghof Research Center for Constructive Conflict Management.Google Scholar

Bramsen, I., and Wæver, O.. 2019. “Introduction: Revitalizing Conflict Studies.” In Resolving International Conflict, Dynamics of Escalation, Continuation and Transformation, edited by Bramsen, I., Poder, P., and Wæver, O., 1‒37. Abingdon, Oxon, New York: Routledge.Google Scholar

Bramsen, I., Boye Nielsen, J., and Vindeløv, V.. 2016. International konfliktløsning. Frederiksberg: Samfundslitteratur.Google Scholar

Bramsen, I., Poder, P., and Wæver, O.. 2019. Resolving International Conflict: Dynamics of Escalation, Continuation and Transformation. Abingdon, Oxon, New York: Routledge.Google Scholar

Brassett, J., Browning, C., and O’Dwyer, M.. 2021. “EU’ve Got to Be Kidding: Anxiety, Humour and Ontological Security.” Global Society 35, no. 1: 8‒26.Google Scholar

Brewer, J.D. 2010. Peace Processes: A Sociological Approach. Oxford: Polity Press.Google Scholar

Brockhill, A. 2021. “The Wall of Violence: Understanding the Structural Violence of the West Bank Wall and the Politics of Terminology.” Mediterranean Politics 26, no. 4: 451‒75.Google Scholar

Broome, B.J. 2009. “Building Relational Empathy through an Interactive Design Process.” In Handbook of Conflict Analysis and Resolution, edited by Sandole, D.J.D., Byrne, S., Sandole-Staroste, I., and Senehi, J., 185‒200. Oxon and New York: Routledge.Google Scholar

Brown, M. 2015. “Friendship between IRA Bomber and Victim’s Daughter Put on Stage.” The Guardian. www.theguardian.com/stage/2015/apr/21/friendship-ira-bomber-daughter-victim-on-stage.Google Scholar

Brunner, C. 2021. “Conceptualizing Epistemic Violence: An Interdisciplinary Assemblage for IR.” International Politics Reviews 9, no. 1: 193‒212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bueger, C., and Gadinger, F.. 2015. “The Play of International Practice.” International Studies Quarterly 59, no. 3: 449‒60.Google Scholar

Bufacchi, V. 2005. “Two Concepts of Violence.” Political Studies Review 3, no. 2: 193‒204.Google Scholar

Butler, J. 2009. Frames of War: When Is Life Grievable? New York: Verso.Google Scholar

Buzan, B., and Hansen, L.. 2009. The Evolution of International Security Studies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Castells, M. 2012. Networks of Outrage and Hope, Social Movements in the Internet Age. Cambridge, UK, Malden, MA: Polity Press.Google Scholar

Céspedes-Báez, L.M., and Jaramillo Ruiz, F.. 2018. “Peace without Women Does Not Go! Women’s Struggle for Inclusion in Colombia’s Peace Process with the FARC.” Colombia Internacional 94: 83‒109.Google Scholar

Chenoweth, E., and Stephan, M.. 2011. Why Civil Resistance Works: The Strategic Logic of Nonviolent Conflict. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar

Chenoweth, E., Lewis, O., and Cunningham, K.. 2013. “Unpacking Nonviolent Campaigns: Introducing the NAVCO 2.0 Dataset.” Journal of Peace Research 50, no. 3: 415‒23.Google Scholar

Clark, C. 1997. Misery and Company: Sympathy in Everyday Life. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Clark, C. 2004. “Emotional Gifts and ‘You First’ Micropolitics: Niceness in the Socioemotional Economy.” In Feelings and Emotions, edited by Manstead, A.S.R., Frijda, N., and Fischer, A., 402‒21. New York: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511806582.023.Google Scholar

Çollaku, P. 2011. “Kosovo Hardliners Protest Serbia Customs Deal.” Balkan Insight. https://balkaninsight.com/2011/09/05/kosovo-serbia-customs-agreement-opposed-with-protests/.Google Scholar

Collier, P., and Hoeffler, A.. 2004. “Greed and Grievance in Civil War.” Oxford Economic Papers 56, no. 4: 563‒95.Google Scholar

Collins, R. 1975. Conflict Sociology: Toward an Explanatory Science. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar

Collins, R. 1981. “On the Microfoundations of Macrosociology.” American Journal of Sociology 86, no. 5: 984‒1014.Google Scholar

Collins, R. 1983. “Micromethods as a Basis for Macrosociology.” Urban Life 12, no. 2: 184–202. https://doi.org/10.1177/0098303983012002004.Google Scholar

Collins, R. 1988. “The Micro Contribution to Macro Sociology.” Sociological Theory 6, no. 2: 242.Google Scholar

Collins, R. 1993. “Emotional Energy as the Common Denominator of Rational Action.” Rationality and Society 5, no. 2: 203‒30. doi: 10.1177/1043463193005002005.Google Scholar

Collins, R. 2001. “Social Movements and the Focus of Emotional Attention.” In Passionate Politics: Emotions and Social Movements, edited by Goodwin, J., Jasper, J.M., and Polletta, F., 1st ed., 27–44. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Collins, R. 2004. Interaction Ritual Chains. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Collins, R. 2008. Violence: A Micro-Sociological Theory. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Collins, R. 2009a. The Sociology of Philosophies. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Collins, R. 2009b. “Micro and Macro Causes of Violence.” International Journal of Conflict and Violence 3, no. 1: 9‒22.Google Scholar

Collins, R. 2012. “C-Escalation and D-Escalation: A Theory of the Time-Dynamics of Conflict.” American Sociological Review 77, no. 1: 1‒20.Google Scholar

Collins, R. 2013. The Sociological Eye: Tipping Point Revolutions and State Breakdown Revolutions: Why Revolutions Succeed or Fail. Retrieved November 17, 2019, from The Sociological Eye website: http://sociological-eye.blogspot.com/2013/06/tipping-point-revolutions-and-state.html.Google Scholar

Collins, R. 2014. Tank Man and the Limits of Telephoto Lenses: Or, How Much Can Individuals Stop Violence? Retrieved 17 November 2019, from The Sociological Eye website: http://sociological-eye.blogspot.com/2014_06_01_archive.html.Google Scholar

Collins, R. 2016. “Micro-Sociology of Sport: Interaction Rituals of Solidarity, Emotional Energy, and Emotional Domination.” European Journal for Sport and Society 13: 197‒207. https://doi.org/10.1080/16138171.2016.1226029.Google Scholar

Collins, R. 2019. “Preventing Violence: Insights from Micro-Sociology.” Featured Essay. American Sociological Association 2019. doi: 10.1177/0094306119867058.Google Scholar

Collins, R. 2020a. Charisma: Micro-Sociology of Power and Influence. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar

Collins, R. 2020b. “Social Distancing as a Critical Test of the Micro-Sociology of Solidarity.” American Journal of Cultural Sociology 8: 477‒97.Google Scholar

Collins, R. 2022. Explosive Conflict: Time-Dynamics of Violence. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar

Cooper, J. 2022. A Diplomatic Meeting: Reagan, Thatcher, and the Art of Summitry. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky.Google Scholar

Corbin, J. 1994. Gaza First: The Secret Norway Channel to Peace between Israel and the PLO. London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar

Cornut, J. 2022. “Emotional Practices and How We Can Trace Them: Diplomats, Emojis, and Multilateral Negotiations at the UNHRC.” International Studies Quarterly 66, no. 3: sqac048.Google Scholar

Cottingham, M.D. 2016. “Theorizing Emotional Capital.” Theory and Society 45: 451–70.Google Scholar

C-Span. 2021. U.S.‒China Summit in Anchorage, Alaska. March 18. www.c-span.org/video/?510091-1/secretary-blinken-chinese-foreign-minister-clash-meeting-anchorage-alaska.Google Scholar

Cunningham, K.G. 2013. “Understanding Strategic Choice: The Determinants of Civil War and Nonviolent Campaign in Self-determination Disputes.” Journal of Peace Research 50: 291–304.Google Scholar

Damasio, A.R. 2012. Self Comes to Mind: Constructing the Conscious Brain. New York: Vintage Books.Google Scholar

Danielson, A., and Hedling, E.. 2022. “Visual Diplomacy in Virtual Summitry: Status Signalling during the Coronavirus Crisis.” Review of International Studies 48, no. 2: 243‒61.Google Scholar

Davenport, C. 2007. “State Repression and Political Order.” Annual Review of Political Science 10, no. 1:101–23.Google Scholar

Davenport, C. and Moore, W.H.. 2012. “The Arab Spring, Winter, and Back Again? (Re)Introducing the Dissent-Repression Nexus with a Twist.” International Interactions 38, no. 5:704–13.Google Scholar

David, L. 2019. “Human Rights, Micro-Solidarity and Moral Action: ‘Face-to-Face’ Encounters in the Israeli/Palestinian Context.” Thesis Eleven 154: 66‒79. https://doi.org/10.1177/0725513619874928.Google Scholar

David, L. 2020. The Past Can’t Heal Us: The Dangers of Mandating Memory in the Name of Human Rights. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Davidheiser, M. 2006. “Joking for Peace: Social Organization, Tradition, and Change in Gambian Conflict Management.” Cahiers d’études africaines 46, no. 184: 835‒59.Google Scholar

Day, B.S., and Wedderburn, A.. 2022. “Wrestlemania! Summit Diplomacy and Foreign Policy Performance after Trump.” International Studies Quarterly 66, no. 2, sqac019.Google Scholar

De Coning, C. 2018. “Adaptive Peacebuilding.” International Affairs 94, no. 2: 301‒17.Google Scholar

De Coning, C. 2021 “Adaptive Peace Operations: Navigating the Complexity of Influencing Societal Change without Causing Harm.” International Peacekeeping 27, no. 5: 836‒58.Google Scholar

Deleuze, G., and Guattari, F.. 2004. EPZ Thousand Plateaus. New York: A&C Black.Google Scholar

Della Porta, D. 2014. “On Violence and Repression: A Relational Approach (The Government and Opposition/Leonard Schapiro Memorial Lecture, 2013).” Government and Opposition 49, no. 2: 159–87.Google Scholar

Demmers, J. 2012. Theories of Violent Conflict: An Introduction. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar

Deutsch, M. 1973. The Resolution of Conflict: Constructive and Destructive Processes. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar

DiMaggio, P., Bernier, C., Heckscher, C., and Mimno, D.. 2018. “Interaction Ritual Threads: Does IRC Theory Apply Online?” In Ritual, Emotion, Violence: Studies on the Micro-Sociology of Randall Collins, edited by Weininger, E.B., Lareau, A., and Lizardo, O., 99‒142. London: Routledge. doi: 10.4324/9780429464157-4.Google Scholar

Draper, S. 2014. “Effervescence and Solidarity in Religious Organizations: Effervescence and Solidarity.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 53: 229‒48. https://doi.org/10.1111/jssr.12109.Google Scholar

Dudouet, V. 2008. “Nonviolent Resistance and Conflict Transformation in Power Asymmetries.” In Berghof Handbook for Conflict Transformation, 1‒22. Berlin: Berghof Research Center for Constructive Conflict Management.Google Scholar

Dunn, D.H. 2016. “How Useful Is Summitry?” In Diplomacy at the Highest Level: The Evolution of International Summitry, edited by Dunn, D.H., 247‒68. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar

Durkheim, E. 2001 [1912]. The Elementary Forms of Religious Life. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Earl, J. 2003. “Tanks, Tear Gas, and Taxes: Toward a Theory of Movement Repression.” Sociological Theory 21, no. 1:44–68.Google Scholar

Ekman, P., and Friesen, W.V.. 1978. Facial Action Coding System: A Technique for the Measurement of Facial Movement. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.Google Scholar

Ellerby, K. 2016. “A Seat at the Table Is Not Enough: Understanding Women’s Substantive Representation in Peace Processes.” Peacebuilding 4, no. 2: 136‒50.Google Scholar

Engell, T.G. 2018. “Inside the United Nations Security Council: The Diplomatic Practices of Change in Global Security Governance.” Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Copenhagen.Google Scholar

Engler, M., and Engler, P.. 2016. This Is an Uprising: How Nonviolent Revolt Is Shaping the Twenty-First Century. New York: Nation Books.Google Scholar

Faizullaev, A. 2017. “Symbolic Insult in Diplomacy.” Brill Research Perspectives in Diplomacy and Foreign Policy 2, no. 4: 1‒116. https://doi.org/10.1163/24056006-12340008.Google Scholar

Fattahi, L. 2012. “Nonviolent Action Strategy: Lessons from Bahrain’s Demonstration Movement.” Al Naklah, Online Journal on Southwest Asia and Islamic Civilization. Spring 2012. The Fletcher School, Tufts University.Google Scholar

Foreign Policy. 2021. “Inside the Grueling Negotiations That Led to the Iran Nuclear Deal.” https://foreignpolicy.com/podcasts/negotiators/iran-nuclear-deal-negotiations/Google Scholar

Francis, D. 2002. People, Peace and Power: Conflict Transformation in Action. London: Pluto Press.Google Scholar

Freedland, J. 2020. “The Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin: ‘He Never Knew It Was One of His People Who Shot Him in the Back’.” The Guardian. www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/31/assassination-yitzhak-rabin-never-knew-his-people-shot-him-in-back.Google Scholar

Galtung, J. 1969. “Violence, Peace and Peace Research.” Journal of Peace Research 6, no. 3: 167‒91.Google Scholar

Galtung, J. 1990. “Cultural Violence.” Journal of peace research 27, no. 3: 291–305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Galtung, J. 1996. Peace by Peaceful Means: Peace and Conflict, Development and Civilization. International Peace Research Institute. Oslo: SAGE.Google Scholar

Galtung, J. 2000. “Conflict Transformation by Peaceful Means (The Transcend Method): Participants’ and Trainers’ Manual.” Geneva: United Nations Disaster Management Training Programme.Google Scholar

Garfinkel, H. 1974. “The Origins of the Term Ethnomethodology.” In Ethnomethodology, edited by Turner, R., 15‒18. Harmondsworth: Penguin.Google Scholar

Gbowee, L. 2009. “Effecting Change through Women’s Activism in Liberia.” Ids Bulletin 40, no. 2: 50‒3.Google Scholar

Gier, N.F. 2003. The Virtue of Nonviolence: From Gautama to Gandhi. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.Google Scholar

Glas, A. 2022. Practicing Peace: Conflict Management in Southeast Asia and South America. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Glasser, S.B. 2017. “The Shove Heard Round the World: How Donald Trump, Mitch McConnell and a Russian-Backed Coup Attempt Got Tiny Montenegro into NATO.” Politico Magazine. June 12. www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/06/12/the-shove-heard-round-the-world-215246/.Google Scholar

Gleditsch, N.P., Nordkvelle, J., and Strand, H.. 2014. “Peace Research: Just the Study of War?” Journal of Peace Research 51, no. 2: 145‒58. doi: 10.1177/0022343313514074.Google Scholar

Goffman, E. 1959. The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. New York: Doubleday.Google Scholar

Goffman, E. 1969. Strategic Interaction. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar

Goffman, E. 1971. Relations in Public: Microstudies of the Public Order. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar

Goffman, E. 2005 [1967]. Interaction Ritual: Essays in Face-to-Face Behavior. New Brunswick, NJ: Aldine Transaction.Google Scholar

Goldenberg, I., and Goldenberg, H.. 1991. Family Therapy: An Overview, 3rd ed. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.Google Scholar

Goldmann, K. 1974. Tension and Détente in Bipolar Europe. Stockholm: Esselte.Google Scholar

Goodwin, J., and Pfaff, S.. 2001. “Emotion Work in High-Risk Social Movements: Managing Fear in the U.S. and East German Civil Rights Movements.” In Passionate Politics: Emotions and Social Movements, edited by Goodwin, J., Jasper, J.M., and Polletta, F., 282‒302. Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press.Google Scholar

Gurr, T. 1970. Why Men Rebel. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Gurr, T. 1993. “Why Minorities Rebel: A Global Analysis of Communal Mobilization and Conflict Since 1945.” International Political Science Review 14, no. 2: 161‒201.Google Scholar

Gurr, T. 2000. Peoples versus States: Minorities at Risk in the New Century. Washington: United States Institute of Peace Press.Google Scholar

Hagemann, A., and Bramsen, I.. 2022. “Hybrid Peace Mediation in the Age of Pandemics.” In Handbook of Intercultural Mediation, edited by Busch, D., 104‒10. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar

Hall, T. 2017. “On Provocation: Outrage, International Relations, and the Franco–Prussian War.” Security Studies 26, no. 1: 1‒29. doi: 10.1080/09636412.2017.1243897.Google Scholar

Hansen, L. 2015. “How Images Make World Politics: International Icons and the Case of Abu Ghraib.” Review of International Studies 41, no. 2: 263‒88.Google Scholar

Haukeland, J. 2011. “Reunion: Ten Years after the War.” Autlookfilms.Google Scholar

Healy, K. 2017. “Fuck Nuance.” Sociological Theory 35, no. 2: 118‒27.Google Scholar

Heaney, J.G. 2019. “Emotion as Power: Capital and Strategy in the Field of Politics.” Journal of Political Power 12: 224–244. https://doi.org/10.1080/2158379X.2019.1618485.Google Scholar

Heinskou, M.B., and Liebst, L.S.. 2016. “On the Elementary Neural Forms of Micro‐Interactional Rituals: Integrating Autonomic Nervous System Functioning into Interaction Ritual Theory.” Sociological Forum 31, no. 2: 354‒76.Google Scholar

Hellman, J. 2012. “The Occurrence of Mediation: A Critical Evaluation of the Current Debate.” International Studies Review 14, no. 4: 591‒603.Google Scholar

Hicks, D. 2021. Dignity: Its Essential Role in Resolving Conflict. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar

Hinnebusch, R., Imady, O., and Zintl, T.. 2016. “Civil Resistance in the Syrian Uprising: From Peaceful Protest to Sectarian Civil War.” In Civil Resistance in the Arab Spring, edited by Roberts, A., Willis, M.J., McCarthy, R., and Ash, T.G., 223‒47. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Hobbes, T. 1991 (1651). Leviathan, edited by Richard, T.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Hoffman, D.A. 2011. “Mediation and the Art of Shuttle Diplomacy.” Negotiation Journal 27, no. 3: 263‒309.Google Scholar

Holmes, M. 2018. Face-to-Face Diplomacy: Social Neuroscience and International Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Holmes, M., and Wheeler, N.J.. 2020. “Social Bonding in Diplomacy.” International Theory 12, no. 1: 133‒61.Google Scholar

Holmes, M., and Yarhi-Milo, K.. 2017. “The Psychological Logic of Peace Summits: How Empathy Shapes Outcomes of Diplomatic Negotiations.” International Studies Quarterly 61, no. 1: 107‒22.Google Scholar

Hopf, T. 2010. “The Logic of Habit in International Relations.” European Journal of International Relations 16, no. 4: 539‒61. doi: 10.1177/1354066110363502.Google Scholar

Hopp-Nishanka, U. 2013. “Giving Peace an Address?” Peace Infrastructures, Berghof Handbook Dialogue Series No. 10.Google Scholar

Horelt, M.A. 2019. Dramas of Reconciliation: A Performance Approach to the Analysis of Political Apologies in International Relations. Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlag.Google Scholar

HRW, Human Rights Watch. 2011a. “We Live as in War”: Crackdown on Protesters in the Governorate of Homs, Syria. www.hrw.org/report/2011/11/11/we-live-war/crackdown-protesters-governorate-homs-syria.Google Scholar

HRW, Human Rights Watch. 2011b. “We’ve Never Seen Such Horror”: Crimes against Humanity by Syrian Security Forces. www.hrw.org/report/2011/06/01/weve-never-seen-such-horror/crimes-against-humanity-syrian-security-forces.Google Scholar

Hunt, J., and Reynolds, D.. 2016. “Geneva, Reykjavik, Washington, and Moscow 1985–8.” In Transcending the Cold War: Summits, Statecraft, and the Dissolution of Bipolarity in Europe, 1970–1990, edited by Spohr, K., and Reynolds, D., 151–80. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

ICG, International Crisis Group. July 2011a. “Popular Protest in North Africa and the Middle East (vi): The Syrian People’s Slow Motion Revolution.” Middle East/North Africa Report N°108—6.Google Scholar

Ipsen, P. 2020. Et åbent øjeblik: Da mine mødre gjorde noget nyt. Copenhagen: Gyldendal.Google Scholar

Ipsen, P. 2021. Et åbent øjeblik: Da mine mødre gjorde noget nyt. Copenhagen: Gyldendal.Google Scholar

Jabri, V. 1996. Discourses on Violence: Conflict Analysis Reconsidered. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar

Jacobsen, M.H. (ed.) 2012. The Contemporary Goffman. London: Routledge.Google Scholar

Jaffe, S. 2018. “The Collective Power of #MeToo.” Dissent 65, no. 2. 80‒7.Google Scholar

Jameson, J.K., Sohan, D., and Hodge, J.. 2014. “Turning Points and Conflict Transformation in Mediation.” Negotiation Journal 30, no. 2: 209‒29.Google Scholar

Jasper, J.M. 2018. The Emotions of Protest. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Jebnoun, N. 2014. “In the Shadow of Power: Civil‒Military Relations and the Tunisian Popular Uprising.” The Journal of North African Studies 19, no. 3: 296‒316.Google Scholar

Jenshaugen, J., Lidén, K., and Bramsen, I.. 2022. “At the Gates to Peace: Mediators as Gatekeepers.” PRIO Policy Brief, 1. Oslo: PRIO.Google Scholar

Johansson, A., and Vinthagen, S.. 2019. Conceptualizing “Everyday Resistance”: A Transdisciplinary Approach. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar

Kalmoe, N. 2015. “Mixed Emotions: Beyond Fear and Hatred in International Conflict, by Andrew A.G. Ross.” [book review] Political Communication 32, no. 1: 179‒82.Google Scholar

Kalyvas, S.N. 2006. The Logic of Violence in Civil War, Cambridge studies in comparative politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Karp, A. 2007. Completing the Count: Civilian Firearms: Annexe Online. Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City; Chapter 2 (Annexe 4), 67 refers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Kelman, H.C. 2005. “Building Trust among Enemies: The Central Challenge for International Conflict Resolution.” International Journal of Intercultural Relations 29, no. 6: 639‒50.Google Scholar

Kelman, H.C. 2007. “Social Psychological Dimensions of International Conflict.” In Peacemaking in International Conflict: Methods and Techniques, edited by Zartman, W. and Rasmussen, J.L., 61‒107. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press.Google Scholar

Kelman, H.C. 2008. “A Social-Psychological Approach to Conflict Analysis and Resolution.” In Handbook of Conflict Analysis and Resolution, edited by Sandole, D., Byrne, S., Sandole-Staroste, I., and Senehi, J., 170‒83. London and New York: Routledge [Taylor & Francis].Google Scholar

Kelman, H.C. 2010. “Looking Back at My Work on Conflict Resolution in the Middle East.” Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology 16, no. 4: 361‒87.Google Scholar

Ketchley, N. 2014. “The Army and the People Are One Hand!” Fraternization and the 25th January Egyptian Revolution.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 56, no. 1: 155‒86. doi: 10.1017/S0010417513000650.Google Scholar

Kilmurray, A., and McWilliams, M.. 2011. “Struggling for Peace: How Women in Northern Ireland Challenged the Status Quo.” Solutions Journal 2, no. 2: 1–12.Google Scholar

Ki-moon, B. 2021. Resolved: Uniting Nations in a Divided World. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar

Kingsbury, D. 2006. Peace in Aceh: A Personal Account of the Helsinki Peace Process. Jakarta: Equinox Publishing.Google Scholar

Kjær, M., and Davidsen, J. (eds.). 2018. Videoanalyse af social interaktion. Copenhagen: Samfundslitteratur.Google Scholar

Klaus, K., and Mitchell, M.. 2015. “Land Grievances and the Mobilization of Electoral Violence: Evidence from Côte d’Ivoire and Kenya.” Journal of Peace Research 52, no. 5: 622‒35.Google Scholar

Klem, B. 2018. “The Problem of Peace and the Meaning of ‘Post-War’.” Conflict, Security & Development 18, no. 3: 233‒55.Google Scholar

Klusemann, S. 2009. “Atrocities and Confrontational Tension.” Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience 3, art. 42.Google Scholar

Klusemann, S. 2010. “Micro‐Situational Antecedents of Violent Atrocity.” Sociological Forum 25, no. 2: 272‒95.Google Scholar

Klusemann, S. 2012. “Massacres as Process: A Micro-Sociological Theory of Internal Patterns of Mass Atrocities.” European Journal of Criminology 9, no. 13: 468‒80.Google Scholar

Kong, J.Y., and Broome, B.J.. 2017. “Beyond Dialogue: Conflict Transformation through Ritual.” In Communication and Conflict Transformation through Local, Regional, and Global Engagement, edited by Kellett, P.M. and Matyok, T.G., 111‒38. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.Google Scholar

Kopper, A. 2020. “The Use of Humour in Diplomatic Tweets: The Affiliative Potential of Ridicule.” Cooperation and Conflict. November.Google Scholar

Koven, R. 1977. “A Day of Symbolism.” The Washington Post. 21 November.Google Scholar

Kriesberg, L. 2007. Constructive Conflicts: From Escalation to Resolution, 3rd ed. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.Google Scholar

Krolikowski, A. 2008. “State Personhood in Ontological Security Theories of International Relations and Chinese Nationalism: A Sceptical View.” The Chinese Journal of International Politics 2, no. 1: 109‒33. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjip/pon003.Google Scholar

Kustermans, J., Svensson, T., Costa López, J., Blasenheim, T., and Hoffmann, A.. 2022. “Ritual and Authority in World Politics.” Cambridge Review of International Affairs 35, no. 1: 2‒30. doi: 10.1080/09557571.2021.1975647.Google Scholar

Lacina, B., and Gleditsch, N.P.. 2005. “Monitoring Trends in Global Combat: A New Dataset of Battle Deaths.” European Journal of Population 21, no. 2: 145‒66.Google Scholar

Laclau, E., and Mouffe, C.. 2014. Hegemony and Socialist Strategy: Towards a Radical Democratic Politics, Vol. 8. London: Verso Books.Google Scholar

Lang, J. 2022. “Viljen til at kæmpe.” DIIS, April 6. www.diis.dk/node/25583.Google Scholar

Langendonck, S.L. 2012. “Syrian Activists to Rebels: Give Us Our Revolution Back.” The Christian Science Monitor. www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2012/0416/Syrian-activists-to-rebels-Give-us-our-revolution-back.Google Scholar

Latour, B. 1999. Pandora’s Hope: Essays on the Reality of Science Studies. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Lederach, J.P. 1996. Preparing for Peace: Conflict Transformation across Cultures. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.Google Scholar

Lederach, J.P. 1997. Building Peace: Sustainable Reconciliation in Divided Societies. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press.Google Scholar

Lederach, J.P. 2003. Little Book of Conflict Transformation: Clear Articulation of the Guiding Principles by a Pioneer in the Field. New York: Simon and Schuster.Google Scholar

Lederach, J.P. 2005. Moral Imaginations. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Legewie, N.M., and Nassauer, A.. 2018. “YouTube, Google, Facebook: 21st Century Online Video Research and Research Ethics?” Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung/Forum: Qualitative Social Research. doi: 10.17169/fqs-19.3.3130.Google Scholar

Lehti, M. ed. 2014. Nordic Approaches to Peace Mediation: Research, Practices and Policies, TAPRI Studies in Peace and Conflict Research. Tampere: Tampere Peace Research Institute.Google Scholar

Leonardsson, H., and Rudd, G.. 2015. “The ‘Local Turn’ in Peacebuilding: A Literature Review of Effective and Emancipatory Local Peacebuilding.” Third World Quarterly 36: 825‒39. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2015.1029905.Google Scholar

Levinas, E. 1969. Totality and Infinity: An Essay on Exteriority, translated by Alphonso Lingis. Pittsburgh: Duquesne University Press.Google Scholar

Liberman, K. 2013. More Studies in Ethnomethodology. New York: State University of New York.Google Scholar

Lichbach, M.I. 1987. “Deterrence or Escalation? The Puzzle of Aggregate Studies of Repression and Dissent.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 31:266–97. doi:10.1177/0022002787031002003Google Scholar

Lind, J. 2011. Sorry States. New York: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

Lindegaard, M.R., Liebst, L.S., Bernasco, W., Heinskou, M.B., Philpot, R., Levine, M. et al. 2017. “Consolation in the Aftermath of Robberies Resembles Post-Aggression Consolation in Chimpanzees.” PLoS ONE 12, no. 5: e0177725.Google Scholar

Lindgren, M. 2016. “Peacemaking up Close: Explaining Mediator Styles of International Mediators.” Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University. www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A954426&dswid=3867.Google Scholar

Lindner, E.G. 2013. “Emotion and Conflict: Why It Is Important to Understand How Emotions Affect Conflict and How Conflict Affects Emotions.” In The Handbook of Conflict Resolution: Theory and Practice, edited by Deutsch, M., Coleman, P.T., and Marcus, E.C., 3rd ed., 283–309. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar

Little, A. 2009. The Northern Ireland Paradox: The Politics of Radical Democracy. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar

Lorentzen, J. 2020. “Normative Encounters between the ‘Global’ and the ‘Local’: Women, Peace and Security in Mali and Rwanda.” Ph.D. Thesis, Lund University.Google Scholar

Löwenheim, O., and Heimann, G.. 2008. “Revenge in International Politics.” Security Studies 17, no. 4: 685‒724. doi: 10.1080/09636410802508055.Google Scholar

Luft, A. 2019. “Dehumanization and the Normalization of Violence: It’s Not What You Think, Items, Insights from the Social Sciences.” https://items.ssrc.org/insights/dehumanization-and-the-normalization-of-violence-its-not-what-you-think/.Google Scholar

Luhmann, N. 1995. Social Systems, Writing Science. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar

Lund, L.S. 2017. “Generating Social Bonds in Post Conflict Karamoja: A Micro-Sociological, Qualitative Case Study of Eight Peace-Building Sessions in North-Eastern Uganda.” Master Thesis, Department of Political Science, University of Copenhagen.Google Scholar

Mac Ginty, R. 2014. “Everyday Peace: Bottom-up and Local Agency in Conflict-Affected Societies.” Security Dialogue 45, no. 6: 548‒64.Google Scholar

Mac Ginty, R. 2021. Everyday Peace: How So-Called Ordinary People Can Disrupt Violent Conflict. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Mac Ginty, R. 2022a. “Temporality and Contextualisation in Peace and Conflict Studies: The Forgotten Value of War Memoirs and Personal Diaries.” Cooperation and Conflict 57, no. 2: 191‒209. https://doi.org/10.1177/00108367211027605.Google Scholar

Mac Ginty, R. 2022b. “Conflict Disruption: Reassessing the Peace and Conflict System.” Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding 16, no. 1: 40‒58.Google Scholar

Maddison, S. 2015. “Relational Transformation and Agonistic Dialogue in Divided Societies.” Political Studies 63, no. 5: 1014‒30.Google Scholar

Magaudda, P. 2011. “Comment on Randall Collins/3. The Circulation of Violence. Techniques and The Role of Materiality in Randal Collins’s Violence Theory.” Sociologica. doi:10.2383/35866.Google Scholar

Malešević, S. 2010. The Sociology of War and Violence. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Malešević, S. 2017. The Rise of Organised Brutality. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Malešević, S. 2019. “Grounding Nationalism: Randall Collins and the Sociology of Nationhood.” Thesis Eleven 154: 108‒23. https://doi.org/10.1177/0725513619874456.Google Scholar

Malešević, S. 2022. Why Humans Fight: The Social Dynamics of Close-Range Violence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Malešević, S., and Ó Dochartaigh, N.. 2018. “Why Combatants Fight: The Irish Republican Army and the Bosnian Serb Army Compared.” Theory and Society 47: 293–326.Google Scholar

Mälksoo, M. 2021. “A ritual approach to deterrence: I am, therefore I deter.” European Journal of International Relations 27, no. 1: 53–78.Google Scholar

Mambrol, N. 2017. “The Philosophical Concept of Rhizome: Literary Theory and Criticism.” https://literariness.org/2017/04/26/the-philosophical-concept-of-rhizome/.Google Scholar

Mandela, N. 1995. Long Walk to Freedom: The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela. Boston, MA: Back Bay Books.Google Scholar

Maoz, I. 2011. “Does Contact Work in Protracted Asymmetrical Conflict? Appraising 20 Years of Reconciliation-Aimed Encounters between Israeli Jews and Palestinians.” Journal of Peace Research 48, no. 1: 115‒25.Google Scholar

Martin, B. 2007. Justice Ignited: The Dynamics of Backfire. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Pub.Google Scholar

Martin, B. 2015. “From Political Jiu-Jitsu to the Backfire Dynamic: How Repression Can Promote Mobilization.” In Civil Resistance: Comparative Perspectives on Nonviolent Struggle, edited by Schock, Kurt, 145‒67. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar

Martin, B., and Varney, W.. 2003. “Nonviolence and Communication.” Journal of Peace Research 40, no. 2: 213‒32.Google Scholar

Matwick, K., and Matwick, K.. 2020. “Trump–Kim 2018 Singapore Summit and Culinary Diplomacy: The Role of Food and Symbols in International Relations.” Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 18: 65–76.Google Scholar

Mauss, M. 1967. The Gift: Forms and Functions of Exchange in Archaic Societies. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.Google Scholar

McCleery, M. 2016. “Randall Collins’ Forward Panic Pathway to Violence and the 1972 Bloody Sunday Killings in Northern Ireland.” The British Journal of Politics and International Relations 18, no. 4: 966‒80.Google Scholar

McConnell, F. 2018. “Performing Diplomatic Decorum: Repertoires of ‘Appropriate’ Behavior in the Margins of International Diplomacy.” International Political Sociology 12, no. 4: 362‒81.Google Scholar

McQuaid, S.D. 2017. “Parading Memory and Re-member-ing Conflict: Collective Memory in Transition in Northern Ireland.” International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society 30: 23–41.Google Scholar

McQuaid, S.D. 2019. “‘Nothing Is Agreed until Everything Is Agreed’: Institutionalizing Radical Disagreement and Dealing with the Past in Northern Ireland.” In Resolving International Conflict: Dynamics of Escalation, Continuation and Transformation, edited by Bramsen, I., Poder, P., and Wæver, O.; 149–65. London: Routledge.Google Scholar

Mearsheimer, J. 2014. “Can China Rise Peacefully? The National Interest.” www.eastlaw.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Can-China-Rise-Peacefully_-_-The-National-Interest.pdf.Google Scholar

Messmer, H. 2007. “Contradiction, Conflict and Borders.” In Territorial Conflicts in World Society: Modern Systems Theory, International Relations and Conflict Studies, edited by Setter, S., 90‒111. London: Routledge.Google Scholar

MFA. 2022. “Türkiye‒Russia‒Ukraine Trilateral Foreign Ministers Meeting.” March 10, 2022. www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye-rusya-ukrayna-uclu-disisleri-bakanlari-toplantisi--10-mart-2022.en.mfa.Google Scholar

Mogan, R., Fischer, R., and Bulbulia, J.A.. 2017. “To Be in Synchrony or Not? A Meta-Analysis of Synchrony’s Effects on Behavior, Perception, Cognition and Affect.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 72: 13‒20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2017.03.009.Google Scholar

Mogelson, L. 2022. The Storm Is Here: An American Crucible. New York: Penguin.Google Scholar

Mouffe, C. 2000. The Democratic Paradox. London: Verso.Google Scholar

Mouffe, C. 2005. On The Political. Abingdon: Routledge.Google Scholar

Mourlon-Druol, E., and Romero, F.. 2014. International Summitry and Global Governance. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar

Murphy, E.C. 2011. “The Tunisian Uprising and the Precarious Path to Democracy.” Mediterranean Politics 16, no. 2: 299‒305.Google Scholar

Murphy, J., and Hampton, J.. 1988. Forgiveness and Mercy. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Murshed, S. 2010. Explaining Civil War: A Rational Choice Approach. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.Google Scholar

Nassauer, A. 2013. Violence in Demonstrations: A Comparative Analysis of Situational Interaction Dynamics at Social Movement Protests. PhD Dissertation. Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Germany.Google Scholar

Nassauer, A. 2016. “From Peaceful Marches to Violent Clashes: A Micro-situational Analysis.” Social Movement Studies 15:515–30. doi:10.1080/14742837.2016.1150161.Google Scholar

Nassauer, A. 2019. Situational Breakdowns: Understanding Protest Violence and Other Surprising Outcomes. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Nassauer, A., and Legewie, N.M.. 2018 “Video Data Analysis: A Methodological Frame for a Novel Research Trend.” Sociological Methods & Research 50, no. 1: 135‒74.Google Scholar

Nassauer, A., and Legewie, N.M.. 2019. “Analyzing 21st Century Video Data on Situational Dynamics: Issues and Challenges in Video Data Analysis.” Social Sciences 8, no. 3: 1‒21.Google Scholar

Nassauer, A., and Legewie, N.M.. 2022. Video Data Analysis: How to Use 21st Century Video in the Social Sciences. London: Sage.Google Scholar

Nepstad, S.E. 2011. “Nonviolent Resistance in the Arab Spring: The Critical Role of Military-Opposition Alliances: Nonviolence, Mutiny, and the Arab Spring.” Swiss Political Science Review 17, no. 4:485–91. doi:10.1111/j.1662-6370.2011.02043.xGoogle Scholar

Nepstad, S.E. 2015. Nonviolent Struggle: Theories, Strategies and Dynamics. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Neumann, I.B. 2007. “‘A Speech That the Entire Ministry May Stand for,’ or: Why Diplomats Never Produce Anything New.” International Political Sociology 1, no. 2: 183‒200.Google Scholar

Neumann, I.B. 2008. “The Body of the Diplomat.” European Journal of International Relations 14, no. 4: 671‒95.Google Scholar

New York Times. 2011. An Activist Stands Her Ground in Bahrain. Retrieved November 17, 2019, from The New York Times website: https://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/12/01/an-activist-stands-her-ground-in-bahrain/.Google Scholar

Nicolson, H. 1969. Diplomacy, 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Niklasson, B. 2020. “The Gendered Networking of Diplomats.” The Hague Journal of Diplomacy 15, nos. 1‒2: 13‒42. https://doi.org/10.1163/1871191X-BJA10005.Google Scholar

Norrick, N.R., and Spitz, A.. 2008. “Humor as a Resource for Mitigating Conflict in Interaction.” Journal of Pragmatics 40, no. 10: 1661‒86.Google Scholar

Øberg, J. 2015. Learn Conflict and Peace in 20 Minutes. TFF. Retrieved November 9, 2019 from http://blog.transnational.org/2015/02/pressinfo-309-learn-conflict-and-peace-in-20-minutes/.Google Scholar

O’Leary, B., and McGarry, J.. 1998. Explaining Northern Ireland. Oxford, Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.Google Scholar

Osgood, C.E. 1962. An Alternative to War or Surrender. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar

Østby, G. 2008. “Polarization, Horizontal Inequities and Violent Civil Conflict.” Journal of Peace Research 45, no. 2: 143‒62.Google Scholar

Pachon, A. 2014. “Loyalty and Defection: Misunderstanding Civil‒Military Relations in Tunisia during the ‘Arab Spring’.” Journal of Strategic Studies 37, no. 4. 508‒31.Google Scholar

Paffenholz, T. 2014. “International Peacebuilding Goes Local: Analysing Lederach’s Conflict Transformation Theory and Its Ambivalent Encounter with 20 Years of Practice.” Peacebuilding 2, no. 1: 11‒27.Google Scholar

Paffenholz, T. 2021. “Perpetual Peacebuilding: A New Paradigm to Move beyond the Linearity of Liberal Peacebuilding.” Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding 15, no. 3: 367‒85. doi: 10.1080/17502977.2021.1925423.Google Scholar

Paffenholz, T., and Zartman, I.W.. 2019. “Inclusive Peace Negotiations: From a Neglected Topic to New Hype.” International Negotiation 24, no. 1: 1‒6.Google Scholar

Parsons, K.A. 2007. “Structural Violence and Power.” Peace Review 19, no. 2: 173‒81. doi: 10.1080/10402650701353612.Google Scholar

Pearlman, W. 2016. “Narratives of Fear in Syria.” Perspectives on Politics 14, no. 1: 21‒37.Google Scholar

Pearlman, W. 2017. We Crossed a Bridge and it Trembled: Syrian Chronicles. Custom House.Google Scholar

Peirce, C., and Ketner, K.L.. 1992. Reasoning and the Logic of Things. The Cambridge Conferences Lectures of 1898. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Philpot, R., Liebst, L.S., Lindegaard, M.R., Verbeek, P., and Levine, M.. 2020. [Pre-print] Reconciliation in Human Adults: A Video-Assisted Naturalistic Observational Study of Post Conflict Conciliatory Behaviour in Interpersonal Aggression. https://psyarxiv.com/9e4rf/.Google Scholar

Pierce, C. 1970. “Offensive Mechanisms.” In The Black Seventies, edited by Barbour, F., 265–82. Boston, MA: Porter Sargent.Google Scholar

Poder, P. 2017. “Randall Collins: Interaktionsritual, emotionel energi og voldens mikrosociologi.” In Følelsessociologi, edited by Glavind Bo, I. and Jacobsen, M.H., 203‒36. Copenhagen: Hans Reitzels.Google Scholar

Popovic, S., and Miller, M.. 2015. Blueprint for Revolution: How to Use Rice Pudding, Lego Men and Other Nonviolent Techniques to Galvanize Communities, Overthrow Dictators, or Simply Change the World. New York: Random House.Google Scholar

Pouliot, V. 2008. “The Logic of Practicality: A Theory of Practice of Security Communities.” International Organization 62, no. 2: 257‒88.Google Scholar

Pouliot, V. 2014. “Practice Tracing.” In Process Tracing, edited by Bennett, A., and Checkel, J.T.. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Pouliot, V. 2015. “Practice Tracing.” In Process Tracing: From Metaphor to Analytic Tool, edited by Bennett, A., and Checkel, J.T., 237–59. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Pouliot, V. 2016. International Pecking Orders: The Politics and Practice of Multilateral Diplomacy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Poulsen, K.S. 2013. “The Agreement.” Bullitt Film.Google Scholar

PRIO, Peace Research Institution Oslo. 2013. ERC Starting Grant to Essex and PRIO. Retrieved November 17, 2019, from www.prio.org/News/Item/?x=1695.Google Scholar

Rabinowitz, D. 2001. “Natives with Jackets and Degrees. Othering, Objectification and the Role of Palestinians in the Co-Existence Field in Israel.” Social Anthropology 9, no. 01: 65‒80.Google Scholar

Ramsbotham, O., Woodhouse, T., and Miall, H.. 2016. Contemporary Conflict Resolution: The Prevention, Management and Transformation of Deadly Conflicts. Malden, MA: Polity Press.Google Scholar

Reagan, R. 1990. An American Life: The Autobiography. New York: Simon & Schuster.Google Scholar

Reimann, C. 2013. “Assessing the State-of-the-Art in Conflict Transformation.” In Transforming Ethnopolitical Conflict: The Berghof Handbook, edited by Austin, A., Fischer, M., and Ropers, N., 41‒66. Wiesbaden: Springer Science & Business Media.Google Scholar

Reuters. 2022. “Ugandan FM Appears to Ignore EU’s von der Leyen.” www.ft.com/content/ec4256e9-17b3-4749-9ab7-e2a71e67cbde.Google Scholar

Riles, A. 1998. “Infinity within the Brackets.” American Ethnologist 25, no. 3: 378‒98.Google Scholar

Ron, Y., and Maoz, I.. 2013. “Peacemaking through Dialogue? Effects of Intergroup Dialogue on Perceptions Regarding the Resolution of the Israeli–Palestinian Conflict.” Dynamics of Asymmetric Conflict 6, no. 1‒3: 75‒89. doi: 10.1080/17467586.2013.861918.Google Scholar

Rookwood, J., and Palmer, C.. 2011. “Invasion Games in War‐Torn Nations: Can Football Help to Build Peace?” Soccer & Society 12, no. 2: 184‒200.Google Scholar

Rosen, N. 2011a. “A Tale of Two Villages.” Al Jazeera. URL: www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2011/10/2011102365913224161.htmlGoogle Scholar

Rosen, N. 2011b. “Ghosts in the Mosques.” Al Jazeera. URL: www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2011/09/201193063322274258.htmlGoogle Scholar

Ross, A. 2013. Mixed Emotions, Beyond Fear and Hatred in International Conflict. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Ross, M.H. 2004. “Ritual and the Politics of Reconciliation.” In From Conflict Resolution to Reconciliation: From conflict resolution to reconciliation, edited by Bar-Siman-Tov, Y., 197–223. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Rossner, M. 2011. “Emotions and Interaction Ritual: A Micro Analysis of Restorative Justice.” The British Journal of Criminology 51, no. 1: 95‒119.Google Scholar

Rossner, M. 2013. Just Emotions: Rituals of Restorative Justice, 1st ed. Clarendon Studies in Criminology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Rousseau, E., and Baele, S.J.. 2021. “‘Filthy Lapdogs’, ‘Jerks’, and ‘Hitler’: Making Sense of Insults in International Relations.” International Studies Review 23, no. 3: 532‒55.Google Scholar

Roy, B., Burdick, J., and Kriesberg, L.. 2010. “A Conversation between Conflict Resolution and Social Movement Scholars.” Conflict Resolution Quarterly 27, no. 4: 347‒68.Google Scholar

Sadaki, L. 2015. Routledge Handbook of the Arab Spring: Rethinking Democratization. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar

Salice, A. 2014. “Violence as a Social Fact.” Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 13, no. 1: 161‒77.Google Scholar

Salih, K.E.O. 2013. “The Roots and Causes of the 2011 Arab Uprisings.” Arab Studies Quarterly March 1: 184‒206.Google Scholar

Salmela, M. 2014. “Collective Emotions as ‘the Glue’ of Group Solidarity.” In Solidarity: Theory and Practice, edited by Laitinen, A. and Pessi, A.B., 55‒87. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.Google Scholar

Sands, P. 2011. “Tribal Justice Blamed for Deaths of 120 Syrian Police and Soldiers.” The National. (www.thenational.ae/news/world/middle-east/tribal-justice-blamed-for-deaths-of-120-syrian-police-and-soldiers).Google Scholar

Santos, J.M. 2021. The Battle for Peace: The Long Road to Ending a War with the World’s Oldest Guerrilla Army. Lawrence, KA: University Press of Kansas.Google Scholar

Saunders, H.H. 2009. “Dialogue as a Process for Transforming Relationships.” In The SAGE Handbook of Conflict Resolution, 376‒91. London: Sage.Google Scholar

Saunders, H. 2012. Sustained Dialogue in Conflicts: Transformation and Change. New York: Springer.Google Scholar

Savun, B. 2009. “Mediator Types and the Effectiveness of Information-Provision Strategies in the Resolution of International Conflict.” In International Conflict Mediation: New Approaches and Findings, edited by Bercovitch, J., and Gartner, S.S., 96‒114.Google Scholar

Scannell, M. 2010. The Big Book of Conflict Resolution Games: Quick, Effective Activities to Improve Communication, Trust and Collaboration. New York: McGraw Hill Professional.Google Scholar

Scheff, T.J. 1997. Emotions, the Social Bond, and Human Reality: Part/Whole Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Scheffran, J., Ide, T., and Schilling, J.. 2014. “Violent Climate or Climate of Violence? Concepts and Relations with Focus on Kenya and Sudan.” The International Journal of Human Rights 18: 369‒90. https://doi.org/10.1080/13642987.2014.914722.Google Scholar

Schneider, C.D. 2000. “What It Means to Be Sorry: The Power of Apology in Mediation.” Mediation Quarterly 17, no. 3: 265‒80.Google Scholar

Schock, K. 2005. Unarmed Insurrections: People Power Movements in Nondemocracies, Social Movements, Protest and Contention. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar

Schuman, M. 2022. “The Gamble of Nancy Pelosi’s Visit to Taiwan.” The Atlantic, August 3. www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2022/08/nancy-pelosi-china-taiwan-visit/671031/.Google Scholar

Scott, J.C. 1989. “Everyday Forms of Resistance.” The Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies 4: 33. https://doi.org/10.22439/cjas.v4i1.1765.Google Scholar

Sen, A. 2008. “Violence, Identity and Poverty.” Journal of Peace Research 45, no. 1: 5‒15.Google Scholar

Sen, S. 2017. “‘To Fight Is to Exist’: Hamas, Armed Resistance and the Making of Palestine.” Interventions: International Journal of Postcolonial Studies 19, no. 2: 201‒17.Google Scholar

Service, R. 2015. The End of the Cold War: 1985–1991. Public Affairs.Google Scholar

Sharp, G. 1973. The Politics of Non-Violent Action, Parts I, II, and III. Boston, MA: Sargent Publisher.Google Scholar

Sharp, G. 2013. How Nonviolent Struggle Works. Boston, MA: The Albert Einstein Institution.Google Scholar

Shesterinina, A. 2022. “Civil War as a Social Process: Actors and Dynamics from Pre-to Post-War.” European Journal of International Relations 28, no. 3: 538–62.13540661221095970.Google Scholar

Shinko, R.E. 2008. “Agonistic Peace: A Postmodern Reading.” Millennium: Journal of International Studies 36, no. 3: 473‒91.Google Scholar

Simmel, G. 1902. “The Number of Members as Determining the Sociological Form of the Group: I.” American Journal of Sociology 8: 1‒46.Google Scholar

Simmel, G. 1904. “The Sociology of Conflict (I–III).” American Journal of Sociology 9, nos. 4–6: 490‒525, 672–89, 798–811.Google Scholar

Simmel, G. 1955 [1908]. “Der Streit.” Chapter in Soziologie. Translated in: Conflict: The Web of Group-Affiliations. Glencoe, IL: The Free Press.Google Scholar

Simmel, G. 1971 [1908]. “The Problem of Sociology.” In Georg Simmel on Individuality and Social Forms, edited by Levine, D.N., 23–35. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Singer, J. 2021. “Where You Sit Is Where You Stand: Table Arrangement Battles in Middle East Peace Conferences.” International Negotiation 26, no. 3: 402‒22.Google Scholar

Slaughter, S. (ed.). 2019. The G20 and International Relations Theory. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.Google Scholar

Söderström, J, Åkebo, M., and Jarstad, A.K.. September 2021. “Friends, Fellows and Foes: A New Framework for Studying Relational Peace.” International Studies Review 23, no. 3: 484–508.Google Scholar

Solheim, E. 2022. Maskinenes Kreative Revolusjon, NTK Beta. https://nrkbeta.no/2022/06/18/maskinenes-kreative-revolusjon/.Google Scholar

Solomon, T. 2019. “Rhythm and Mobilization in International Relations.” International Studies Quarterly 63, no. 4: 1001‒13.Google Scholar

Solomon, T., and Steele, B.. 2017. “Micro-Moves in International Relations Theory.” European Journal of International Relations 23, no. 2: 267‒91.Google Scholar

Sørensen, M. 2019. “Dynamics of Interaction: How Israeli Authorities Succeeded in Disrupting and Containing the 2011 Freedom Flotilla to Gaza.” Interface: A Journal for and about Social Movements 11, no 1: 14‒36.Google Scholar

Sørensen, M., and Johansen, J.. 2016. “Nonviolent Conflict Escalation.” Conflict Resolution Quarterly 34, no. 1: 83‒108.Google Scholar

Spradley, J.P. 1979. The Ethnographic Interview. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.Google Scholar

Springer, S. 2010. “Neoliberal Discursive Formations: On the Contours of Subjectivation, Good Governance, and Symbolic Violence in Posttransitional Cambodia.” Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 28, no. 5: 931‒50. doi: 10.1068/d9708.Google Scholar

Sternberg, M., Litvak Hirsch, T., and Sagy, S.. 2018. “‘Nobody Ever Told Us’: The Contribution of Intragroup Dialogue to Reflexive Learning about Violent Conflict.” Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology 24, no. 2: 127‒38.Google Scholar

Stetter, S. 2014. “World Politics and Conflict Systems: The Communication of a ‘No’ and Its Effects.” Horyzonty Polityki 5, no. 12: 43–67.Google Scholar

Stoner, E. 2012. Participation Is Everything: A Conversation with Erica Chenoweth. Retrieved November 17, 2019, from Waging Nonviolence website: http://wagingnonviolence.org/feature/participation-is-everything-a-conversation-with-erica-chenoweth/.Google Scholar

Strömbom, L. 2019. “Exploring Analytical Avenues for Agonistic Peace.” Journal of International Relations and Development 23: 1‒23.Google Scholar

Strömbom, L., and Bramsen, I.. 2022. “Agonistic Peace: Advancing Knowledge on Institutional Dynamics and Relational Transformation.” Third World Quarterly 43, no. 6: 1237‒50.Google Scholar

Strömbom, L. I. Bramsen, I., and Stein, A.L.. 2022. “Agonistic Peace Agreements? Analytical Tools and Dilemmas.” Review of International Studies 48, no. 4: 1‒16.Google Scholar

Sue, D.W. 2010. Microaggressions in Everyday Life: Race, Gender, and Sexual Orientation. Tyskland: Wiley.Google Scholar

Sue, D.W., and Spanierman, L.. 2020. Microaggressions in EVERYDAY LIFE. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar

Summers-Effler, E.S. 2002. “The Micro Potential for Social Change: Emotion, Consciousness and Social Movement Formation.” Sociological Theory 20, no. 1: 41‒60.Google Scholar

Summers-Effler, E.S. 2010. Laughing Saints and Righteous Heroes: Emotional Rhythms in Social Movement Groups. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Svensson, I. 2014. International Mediation Bias and Peacemaking: Taking Sides in Civil Wars. London and New York: RoutledgeGoogle Scholar

Svensson, I. 2020. “Mediation of Interstate Conflicts and Civil Wars.” In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies, edited by Marlin-Bennett, Renée, 1–28. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Svensson, I., and Lundgren, M.. 2018. “From Revolution to Resolution: Exploring Third‐Party Mediation in Nonviolent Uprisings.” Peace & Change 43, no. 3: 271‒91.Google Scholar

Sylvester, C. 2002. Feminist International Relations: An Unfinished Journey. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Tajfel, H., and Turner, J.C.. 1979. “An Integrative Theory of Intergroup Conflict.” In The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations, edited by Austin, W.G., and Worchel, S., 33‒7. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.Google Scholar

The Mediators Studio. 2020. “Catherine Ashton on Safe Spaces for Difficult Conversations.” https://podcasts.apple.com/dk/podcast/catherine-ashton-on-safe-spaces-for-difficult-conversations/id1519016281?i=1000502659187.Google Scholar

Thomas, C. 2011. “Why Don’t We Talk about ‘Violence’ in International Relations?” Review of International Studies 37, no. 4: 1815‒36. doi: 10.1017/S0260210510001154.Google Scholar

Tilly, C. 1978. From Mobilization to Revolution. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar

Turner, C. 2017. “Women in Mediation: Connecting the Local and the Global.” Strategic Security Analysis 5: 1–9.Google Scholar

Tusicisny, A. 2007. “Security Communities and Their Values: Taking Masses Seriously.” International Political Science Review 28, no. 4: 425‒49. doi: 10.1177/0192512107079639.Google Scholar

UNESCO. 1945. “Constitution of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.” http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=15244&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html.Google Scholar

Vandenberg, F. 2022. Put Your “Hand Emotes in the Air:” Twitch Concerts as Unsuccessful Large‐Scale Interaction Rituals. Symbolic Interaction 45, no. 3: 425‒48.Google Scholar

Väyrynen, T. 2019. “Mundane Peace and the Politics of Vulnerability: A Nonsolid Feminist Research Agenda.” Peacebuilding 7, no. 2: 146‒59. doi: 10.1080/21647259.2019.1590081.Google Scholar

Vinthagen, S. 2015. A Theory of Nonviolent Action, How Civil Resistance Works. London: Zed Books.Google Scholar

Vogel, D.L., Heimerdinger-Edwards, S.R., Hammer, J.H., and Hubbard, A.. 2011. “Boys Don’t Cry”: Examination of the Links between Endorsement of Masculine Norms, Self-Stigma, and Help-Seeking Attitudes for Men from Diverse Backgrounds.” Journal of Counseling Psychology 58, no. 3: 368‒82. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023688.Google Scholar

Volkan, V. 2006. Killing in the Name of Identity: A Study of Bloody Conflicts. Charlottesville, VA: Pitchstone.Google Scholar

Volpi, F., and Jasper, J.M.. 2017. Microfoundations of the Arab Uprisings: Mapping Interactions between Regimes and Protesters. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.Google Scholar

Von der Leyen, U. 2021. “Speech by the President: EUCO and EU‒Turkey Meeting.” European Commission. April 26.Google Scholar

Wacquant, L.J., and Bourdieu, P.. 1992. An Invitation to Reflexive Sociology. Cambridge: Polity.Google Scholar

Wæver, O. 2014. “Revisiting Classical Conflict Theory” or “How to Theorize Conflicts as Conflicts.” unpublished paper presented at CRIC research seminar. February 2014.Google Scholar

Wæver, O., and Bramsen, I.. 2019. “Introduction: Revitalizing Conflict Studies.” In Resolving International Conflict: Dynamics of Escalation, Continuation and Transformation, edited by Bramsen, I., Poder, P., and Wæver, O., 1‒37. London: Routledge.Google Scholar

Walby, K., and Spencer, D.. 2010. “In Conversation with the American Sociological Association President: Randall Collins on Emotions, Violence and Interactionist Sociology.” Canadian Review of Sociology 47, no. 1: 93‒101.Google Scholar

Wallensteen, P. 2011a. Understanding Conflict Resolution: War, Peace and the Global System. London: Sage.Google Scholar

Wallensteen, P. 2011b. “The Origins of Contemporary Peace Research.” In Understanding Peace Research: Methods and Challenges, edited by Hoglund, K. and Oberg, M., 14‒32. London: Routledge.Google Scholar

Wallensteen, P. 2014. “Theoretical Developments in Understanding the Origins of Civil War.” In Routledge Handbook of Civil Wars, edited by Newman, E. and DeRouen, K.R., 29‒43. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.Google Scholar

Wallensteen, P. 2015. Quality Peace: Peacebuilding, Victory and World Order. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Wallensteen, P. 2021. Peter Wallensteen: A Pioneer in Making Peace Researchable. Mosbach: Springer.Google Scholar

Wallensteen, P., and Svensson, I.. 2014. “Talking Peace: International Mediation in Armed Conflicts.” Journal of Peace Research 51, no. 2: 315‒27.Google Scholar

Waltz, K.N. 1979. Theory of International Politics. Addison-Wesley Series in Political Science. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.Google Scholar

Weber, T. 2004. Gandhi as a Disciple and Mentor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Wegner, N. 2021. “Ritual, Rhythms, and the Discomforting Endurance of Militarism: Affective Methodologies and Ethico-Political Challenges.” Global Studies Quarterly 1, no. 3: 1‒10.Google Scholar

Wessels, J.I. 2016. “YouTube and the Role of Digital Video for Transitional Justice in Syria.” Politik 4:19.Google Scholar

Wheeler, N.J. 2013. “Investigating Diplomatic Transformations.” International Affairs 89, no. 2: 477‒96.Google Scholar

Wheeler, N.J. 2018. Trusting Enemies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Wheeler, N.J., and Holmes, M.. 2021. “The Strength of Weak Bonds: Substituting Bodily Copresence in Diplomatic Social Bonding.” European Journal of International Relations 27, no. 3: 730‒52.Google Scholar

Wilson, R. 2010. The Northern Ireland Experience of Conflict and Agreement: A Model for Export? Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar

Wimmen, H. 2014. Divisive Rule: Sectarianism and Power Maintenance in the Arab Spring: Bahrain, Iraq, Lebanon and Syria. Berlin. Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik -SWP- Deutsches Institut für Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, (SWP Research Paper 4). URL: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-385599Google Scholar

Wong, S.S. 2016. “Emotions and the Communication of Intentions in Face-to-Face Diplomacy.” European Journal of International Relations 22, no. 1: 144‒67.Google Scholar

Wong, S. 2021. “One-Upmanship and Putdowns: The Aggressive Use of Interaction Rituals in Face-to-Face Diplomacy.” International Theory 13, no. 2: 341‒71. doi: 10.1017/S1752971920000196.Google Scholar

YouTube. 2010. “Checkpoints in Palestine 4‒6,” Syedshoeb. www.youtube.com/watch?v=mF30AjvvusI.Google Scholar

YouTube. 2016. “UN Mideast meeting descends into Israeli-Palestinian shouting match,” No Comment TV. www.youtube.com/watch?v=jw7QlYbnk8EGoogle Scholar

YouTube. 2019. “Gran Conversación Nacional – Paz con Legalidad,” Presidencia de la República – Colombia. www.youtube.com/watch?v=gmjv_COOSKY&t=13523s.Google Scholar

YouTube. 2020a. “Palestinians and Israelis LISTEN to Each Other,” Rudy Rochman. www.youtube.com/watch?v=RD6E9h_MVHc.Google Scholar

YouTube. 2020b. “Assembly Sitting – 11 January 2020 (in full),” Northern Ireland Assembly. www.youtube.com/watch?v=ERnJOEZW7nc.Google Scholar

YouTube. 2021. “President Reagan Meeting with Mikhail Gorbachev at the Geneva Summit 11/20/1985,” Reagan Foundation. www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lqn670uaVCE.Google Scholar

Zartman, I.W., and Berman, M. 1982. The Practical Negotiator. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar

Zimmermannn, E. 1980. “Macro-Comparative Research on Political Protest.” In Handbook of Political Conflict: Theory and Research, edited by Gurr, T.R., 167–37. New York: The Free Press.Google Scholar