Index

Thomas Kroedel

doi:10.1017/9781108762717.011

Index

abstract particulars; see tropes

actin filaments; see muscle contraction

action at a distance; see causation, and spatiotemporal continuity

action, intentional; see agency

active causal routes, 134

adenosine triphosphate; see ATP

agency, 1, 92, 94

Anjum, Rani Lill, 57–58

Anomalous Monism, 21

Armstrong, David, 88

ATP, 199; see also muscle contraction

autonomy approach, 76

background conditions, 16, 191, 192

backtracking; see counterfactual conditionals, backtracking evaluations

bases, 81, 82, 87, 155, 159, 160, 162, 164, 165, 173, 182, 188, 204; see also realizers; supervenience, nomological

Baumgartner, Michael, 148, 149, 150

Bennett, Karen, 2, 153, 155, 167, 176, 178, 184, 186, 195, 196

Bernstein, Sara, 172

Block, Ned, 11

Burge, Tyler, 75

calcium; see muscle contraction

causal graphs, 106, 107, 109, 115, 116, 120, 123, 131, 132, 133, 136, 137, 145, 146, 147

acyclic vs non-acyclic, 107, 115, 116

causal models, 74, 98, 101, 103, 113, 116, 117, 118, 129, 138, 140

appropriateness, 74, 134, 136–138, 141–147

counterfactual dependence in; see counterfactual dependence, in causal models

truth of counterfactual conditionals in; see counterfactual conditionals, and causal models

causal paths; see paths

causal routes; see active causal routes

causation

and causal models, 105–106, 119, 124, 125, 132, 133–138, 139, 141–143, 146

and counterfactual dependence, 4, 30–31, 50, 51, 53, 54, 56, 62, 64, 65, 69, 73, 74, 76, 77, 79, 83, 92, 95, 98, 105, 117, 118, 119, 122, 125, 132, 139, 142, 157, 161, 165, 170, 171, 173, 177, 178, 179, 188, 189, 196, 197, 198, 200

and explanatory relevance; see explanatory relevance

and intrinsic connections, 53–55, 54

and moral responsibility, 55

and powers, 57–58, 94–95, 186

and spatiotemporal continuity, 53, 55, 58

and transference, 3, 49, 50, 51, 53, 56, 57–58, 92, 93, 139, 171, 199; see also causation, sufficient

backward, 189

contributing; see interventionism

direct; see interventionism

objectivity, 138, 139

qua; see properties, causal relevance of

relata of, 20, 147, 148

relevance of properties to; see properties, causal relevance of

simultaneous, 48, 79, 143, 188, 195

sufficient, 184–201; see also causation, and transference; events, sufficient and minimally sufficient sets of

transitivity; see transitivity, of causation

centring; see Strong Centring

c-fibres, 14

Chalmers, David, 11, 17, 18

Christensen, Jonas, 78–79, 179

collisions, 8, 9

conservation laws, 7–9, 9, 49, 152

conserved quantities, 3, 49, 92; see also conservation laws

content, mental, 65

context-sensitivity, 74, 140

counterfactual conditionals, 4, 31, 61, 88, 89, 111, 148, 171, 189, 205

‘would’ vs ‘might’, 32, 160, 162

and causal models, 98, 100, 101, 102, 103, 111, 113–115, 116, 117, 130–131, 139, 146

and comparative overall similarity or closeness between possible worlds; see possible worlds, comparative overall similarity

asymmetry-by-fiat approach, 40–41, 61, 64, 84, 87

backtracking evaluations, 39–40, 42–45, 87, 113

logic of, 33–38, 72, 76, 84, 117, 134, 160, 163, 204–206, 207

truth-conditions, 31–33, 61, 102, 190

vacuous truth, 31, 131, 156, 170, 178, 193, 194, 201; see also counterfactual conditionals, truth conditions

counterfactual dependence, 30–31, 105, 139, 161, 163, 165, 171, 173, 177, 189, 197, 204; see also probabilistic dependence

in causal models, 104, 105–106, 117, 119, 120, 121, 123, 125, 126, 132, 135, 139, 144, 146

counterfactuals; see counterfactual conditionals

counterpossibles, 34; see also counterfactual conditionals, vacuous truth

Dancy, Jonathan, 66

dark matter, 91

Davidson, Donald, 21

defaults; see variables, default vs deviant values

Descartes, René, 6–7

determinism, 45–46, 102, 117, 152, 200; see also indeterminism

difference-making, 3, 4, 30, 131; see also counterfactual dependence

dispositions; see causation, and powers

dot-matrix pictures, 15–16, 62

double prevention, 49–58, 51, 52, 92, 93, 94, 122, 125, 128, 139, 171, 187, 188, 197–198, 199; see also causation, and counterfactual dependence; causation, and intrinsic connections; causation, and powers; causation, and spatiotemporal continuity; causation, and transference

dualism, 3, 4, 11, 17, 18, 19, 22, 80, 127, 145, 155, 156, 170, 187, 192, 203

about substances, 6, 14; see also Descartes, René

naturalistic, 18, 19, 80, 85, 88

super-nomological, 88, 90, 91, 96, 118, 158, 159, 160, 164, 168, 169, 174, 182, 187, 197, 204

early pre-emption; see pre-emption, early

Elisabeth, Princess of Bohemia, 6–7

energy, 3, 49, 92; see also conserved quantities

kinetic, 7, 9, 152; see also conservation laws

epiphenomenalism, 10–11, 155, 187, 192, 193, 198, 203

equations, 101–102, 114, 116, 120, 122, 131, 144, 145, 146; see also causal models; counterfactual conditionals, and causal models; variables

acyclic vs non-acyclic, 104, 115, 116, 121, 145

number of solutions, 115, 116, 117, 146

essentiality of origin, 68

events, 143, 189, 196, 199, 200

and causal models; see variables

as property-instances, 25–28, 61, 155, 160, 161, 165

essential properties of, 26–28, 29, 71, 161

fragility, 161–165, 196

identity between mental and physical ones, 21–25; see also Anomalous Monism

identity conditions, 21, 28–30, 61, 71, 160

sufficient and minimally sufficient sets of, 189–198

exclusion problem, 2–4, 8, 11, 22, 75, 80, 94, 151, 203

different formulations of, 152–154, 158, 184–185

explanatory relevance, 48, 55, 74–75, 138–141

Field, Hartry, 107

firearms, 56

firing squads, 2, 3, 30, 80, 96, 152, 156, 166, 167, 171, 172, 173, 197; see also overdetermination

functionalism, 176

Gibb, Sophie, 8, 94

God; see occasionalism

graphs; see causal graphs

Hall, Ned, 53, 190, 191, 198

Halpern, Joseph, 125

Hitchcock, Christopher, 49, 98, 101, 119, 121, 125, 134, 142

Hobbes, Thomas, 10

Honderich, Ted, 22

Hüttemann, Andreas, 58

Huxley, Thomas, 10

hyperintentionality; see non-hyperintentionality

identity theory; see physicalism,

reductive

imagination, 91

indeterminism, 45–46

indicative conditionals, 34

interaction problem, 2–4, 21, 80, 203

interventionism, 99, 147–149

INUS conditions, 191; see also causation, sufficient; events, sufficient and minimally sufficient sets of

Kallestrup, Jesper, 78–79, 179

Keaton, Douglas, 179

Kim, Jaegwon, 11, 19, 25–28, 91, 92, 93, 95, 155

Kistler, Max, 143

Kment, Boris, 91

Kripke, Saul, 11, 15, 68

La Mettrie, Julien Offray de, 10

late pre-emption; see pre-emption, late

laws of nature, 17, 18, 78, 80, 90, 91, 117, 143, 152, 176, 179, 182, 201; see also conservation laws

‘best system’ theory of, 88

deterministic, 42; see also determinism

psychophysical, 82, 86, 87, 90, 91, 119, 152, 158, 182

violations of; see miracles

Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, 7–10, 152

Leibniz’s law, 21

Lewis, David, 15, 28, 31–32, 44, 47, 56, 59, 88, 98, 99, 161, 166, 181, 190

Limit Assumption, 32

Lipton, Peter, 44

Loewer, Barry, 85, 189

Lowe, Jonathan, 195

Mackie, J.L., 2, 191

Malcolm, Norman, 11

Malebranche, Nicolas, 9

material biconditionals, 37

material conditionals, 34

materialism, 10, 11, 86; see also physicalism

McDermott, Michael, 77

McLaughlin, Brian, 179

Menzies, Peter, 68

Mills, Eugene, 196

minimally sufficient sets of events; see events, sufficient and minimally sufficient sets of

miracles, 41–45, 84, 85, 86, 87, 90, 158, 164, 174, 178

big vs small, 41, 44

psychophysical, 85, 86, 87, 88, 90, 160, 164

modality; see necessity and possibility

momentum, 7, 9, 92, 152; see also conserved quantities; conservation laws

monism; see Anomalous Monism; physicalism

moral particularism, 66

multiple realizability, 11, 15, 17, 20, 146; see also realizers

Mumford, Stephen, 57–58

muscle contraction, 92–95, 93, 187–188, 198, 199

myosin; see muscle contraction

necessity and possibility

metaphysical, 15, 34, 82

nomological, 18, 53, 81, 82, 90, 90, 188–189, 199–201

networks, 121, 124

self-contained, 121, 122, 123, 124, 128, 132

neuromuscular junction; see muscle contraction

neuron diagrams, 50, 51, 54, 128, 173, 174, 197

Ney, Alyssa, 139

non-hyperintensionality, 37, 65, 181

normality, 125–126, 127, 133

occasionalism, 9–10

omissions, 47, 48, 52, 105, 107, 119, 125, 133, 134, 139

overdetermination, 2, 3, 4, 11, 30, 31, 49, 54, 80, 96, 152, 153, 154, 157, 164, 171, 172, 173, 174, 177, 178, 184, 185, 195

characterizations of, 156–157, 166–167

efficacy of overdetermining events, 167

prototypical cases, 166, 167–171, 172, 177, 183, 197

Papineau, David, 8

paths, 73, 74, 75, 109, 121, 124, 132, 134, 136, 148, 149; see also networks

acyclic vs cyclic, 121, 131, 134

Paul, L.A., 190, 191, 198

physicalism, 11, 14, 82, 86; see also materialism

modal arguments against, 11, 20; see also zombies

non-reductive, 3, 11, 15, 16–17, 19, 20, 22, 61, 64, 66, 75, 96, 112, 119, 127, 145, 148, 155, 158, 159, 160, 164, 168, 169, 170, 172, 174, 176, 186, 192, 203

reductive, 2, 11, 14, 19, 20, 203

pineal gland, 7

possibility; see necessity and possibility

possible worlds, 15, 31

closeness; see possible worlds, comparative overall similarity

comparative overall similarity, 32, 39–46, 61, 84, 89, 126, 158, 204–206

spheres of, 88–91, 89, 90, 204–206, 205

powers; see causation, and powers

pre-emption, 54, 95, 166

early, 98

late, 30, 49, 77, 166

trumping, 30

probabilistic dependence, 46; see also counterfactual dependence

properties

(temporally) intrinsic vs (temporally) extrinsic, 46–47, 48, 142, 181–182, 188

causal relevance of, 23–25, 67, 174

causal vs non-causal, 67, 78–79, 179–182, 183; see also properties, (temporally) intrinsic vs (temporally) extrinsic

disjunctive, 47, 65, 179, 180, 181, 183

moral and aesthetic, 66, 67

natural, 47

particularized; see tropes

proportionality, 193

propositional attitudes, 47, 65

Putnam, Hilary, 11

quantity of motion, 7

quantum entanglement, 55

Quine, W.V.O., 21

realizers, 62–63, 64, 75, 81, 82, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 126, 128, 137, 143, 149, 155, 159, 160, 162, 164, 165, 173, 188, 196; see also bases; multiple realizability

core vs total, 78–79, 176–183, 192

reduction; see physicalism, reductive

restricted transitivity, 36, 70; see also counterfactual conditionals, logic of; transitivity, of conditionals

rigid designators, 15

Robb, David, 24–25

Russo, Andrew, 94, 187

Schaffer, Jonathan, 49, 56, 92

Shoemaker, Sydney, 176, 179

social choice theory, 42

souls, 6, 7, 10, 11, 173

speed of light, 189

strengthening the antecedent, 37, 70; see also counterfactual conditionals, logic of

strict conditionals, 33

Strong Centring, 30, 126, 190

structural equations; see equations

sufficient reasons, 9

sufficient sets of events; see events, sufficient and minimally sufficient sets of

supervenience, 3

nomological, 17–18, 19, 80–82

of mental properties; see physicalism, non-reductive; dualism, naturalistic; dualism, super-nomological

of symmetry properties, 15–16, 62

strong, 15–16, 19, 62–63, 64, 66, 82, 112, 158

Swanson, Eric, 74, 139

token events; see events

token identity theory; see events, identity between mental and physical ones

transference; see causation, and transference; double prevention

transitivity

of causation, 77–78, 107, 195

of conditionals, 34–37, 83, 117; see also counterfactual conditionals, logic of

tropes, 24–25, 91

tropomyosin; see muscle contraction

type causation; see causation, relata of

types vs tropes; see tropes

variables, 74, 101, 112, 117, 119, 122, 134, 136, 144, 147; see also causal models; causation, relata of; equations, structural

binary vs multi-valued, 101, 105, 106, 110, 112, 126, 129, 134, 135, 143–145

default vs deviant values, 121, 122, 123, 124, 126, 132; see also networks, self-contained

endogenous vs exogenous, 102, 110, 129, 142, 145, 146, 147

necessary connections between values, 141–143, 144, 145; see also causal models, appropriateness

networks of; see networks

vectors, 7

Vetter, Barbara, 58

vital spirits, 6, 7

Woodward, James, 99, 135, 147–148, 149, 150

Yablo, Stephen, 193

Zhong, Lei, 75–80, 79

zombies, 11, 20, 90

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