Men's Reproductive and Sexual Health Throughout the Lifespan An Integrated Approach to Fertility, Sexual Function, and Vitality
Book contents
- Men’s Reproductive and Sexual Health throughout the Lifespan
- Men’s Reproductive and Sexual Health throughout the Lifespan
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Contributors
- Preface
- Section 1 An Introduction to Men’s Health Care
- Section 2 The Biology of Male Reproduction and Infertility
- Section 3 Clinical Evaluation and Treatment of Male Infertility
- Chapter 12 Office Evaluation of the Infertile Male
- Chapter 13 Medical Management of Male Infertility
- Chapter 14 Surgical Management of Male Infertility
- Chapter 15 Varicocele Repair in the Era of IVF/ICSI
- Chapter 16 Implementing Genetic Testing of Male Infertility in the Clinic
- Chapter 17 Andrological Care of the Patient with Spinal Cord Injury
- Chapter 18 Clinical Fertility Preservation Decision-Making for Prepubertal and Postpubertal Individuals with Male Gametes
- Chapter 19 Mental Health Considerations in the Infertile Male and Couple
- Section 4 Laboratory Evaluation and Treatment of Male Infertility
- Section 5 Medical and Surgical Management of Issues of Male Health
- Index
- References
Chapter 12 - Office Evaluation of the Infertile Male
from Section 3 - Clinical Evaluation and Treatment of Male Infertility
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 06 December 2023
Book contents
- Men’s Reproductive and Sexual Health throughout the Lifespan
- Men’s Reproductive and Sexual Health throughout the Lifespan
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Contributors
- Preface
- Section 1 An Introduction to Men’s Health Care
- Section 2 The Biology of Male Reproduction and Infertility
- Section 3 Clinical Evaluation and Treatment of Male Infertility
- Chapter 12 Office Evaluation of the Infertile Male
- Chapter 13 Medical Management of Male Infertility
- Chapter 14 Surgical Management of Male Infertility
- Chapter 15 Varicocele Repair in the Era of IVF/ICSI
- Chapter 16 Implementing Genetic Testing of Male Infertility in the Clinic
- Chapter 17 Andrological Care of the Patient with Spinal Cord Injury
- Chapter 18 Clinical Fertility Preservation Decision-Making for Prepubertal and Postpubertal Individuals with Male Gametes
- Chapter 19 Mental Health Considerations in the Infertile Male and Couple
- Section 4 Laboratory Evaluation and Treatment of Male Infertility
- Section 5 Medical and Surgical Management of Issues of Male Health
- Index
- References
Summary
The office evaluation of the infertile male involves a comprehensive history and physical structured to uncover all potential causes including congenital, medical, surgical, environmental, genetic, and psychosocial etiologies. The physical exam begins with the patient’s general appearance, body habitus, and progresses to the genital exam in which the testicles are examined for size, consistency, and location. Prior surgical scars, absence of the vas deferens, or the presence of varicoceles may be identifiable causes of infertility. The semen analysis is the cornerstone laboratory evaluation of the male undergoing an infertility workup. The semen is evaluated for several key parameters including volume as well as sperm concentration, number, motility, and form. An endocrine evaluation is indicated in men with oligospermia, azoospermia, or a history of physical examination findings suggestive of hormonal abnormalities including sexual dysfunction, decreased libido, or physical evidence of impair androgenization. Pending the initial workup genetic testing may be indicated.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Men's Reproductive and Sexual Health Throughout the LifespanAn Integrated Approach to Fertility, Sexual Function, and Vitality, pp. 97 - 105Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2023
References
Sigman, M, Lipshultz, LI, Howards, S. Office evaluation of the subfertile male. In: Lipshultz, L, Howards, S, Niederberger, C, eds. Infertility in the Male. 4th ed. Cambridge University Press; 2009:153–176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Misell, LM, Holochwost, D, Boban, D, et al. A stable isotope-mass spectrometric method for measuring human spermatogenesis kinetics in vivo. J Urol. 2006;175(1):242–246; discussion 6.Google Scholar
Levitas, E, Lunenfeld, E, Weiss, N, et al. Relationship between the duration of sexual abstinence and semen quality: analysis of 9,489 semen samples. Fertil Steril. 2005;83(6):1680–1686.Google Scholar
Burrows, PJ, Schrepferman, CG, Lipshultz, LI. Comprehensive office evaluation in the new millennium. Urol Clin North Am. 2002;29(4):873–894.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
De Palma, A, Vicari, E, Palermo, I, D’Agata, R, Calogero, AE. Effects of cancer and anti-neoplastic treatment on the human testicular function. J Endocrinol Invest. 2000;23(10):690–696.Google Scholar
Chipkevitch, E, Nishimura, RT, Tu, DG, Galea-Rojas, M. Clinical measurement of testicular volume in adolescents: comparison of the reliability of 5 methods. J Urol. 1996;156(6):2050–2053.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fretz, PC, Sandlow, JI. Varicocele: current concepts in pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Urol Clin North Am. 2002;29(4):921–937.Google Scholar
Cooper, TG, Noonan, E, von Eckardstein, S, et al. World Health Organization reference values for human semen characteristics. Hum Reprod Update. 2010;16(3):231–245.Google Scholar
Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Diagnostic evaluation of the infertile male: a committee opinion. Fertil Steril. 2015;103(3):e18–25.Google Scholar
Kim, ED, Lipshultz, LI. Advances in the evaluation and treatment of the infertile man. World J Urol. 1997;15(6):378–393.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van der Merwe, FH, Kruger, TF, Oehninger, SC, Lombard, CJ. The use of semen parameters to identify the subfertile male in the general population. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 2005;59(2):86–91.Google Scholar
Sigman, M, Jarow, JP. Endocrine evaluation of infertile men. Urology. 1997;50(5):659–664.Google Scholar
Chiou, RK, Anderson, JC, Wobig, RK, et al. Color Doppler ultrasound criteria to diagnose varicoceles: correlation of a new scoring system with physical examination. Urology. 1997;50(6):953–956.Google Scholar
Jurewicz, M, Gilbert, BR. Imaging and angiography in male factor infertility. Fertil Steril. 2016;105(6):1432–1442.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Belker, AM, Steinbock, GS. Transrectal prostate ultrasonography as a diagnostic and therapeutic aid for ejaculatory duct obstruction. J Urol. 1990;144(2 Pt 1):356–358.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jarow, JP. Endocrine causes of male infertility. Urol Clin North Am. 2003;30(1):83–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ghieh, F, Mitchell, V, Mandon-Pepin, B, Vialard, F. Genetic defects in human azoospermia. Basic Clin Androl. 2019;29:4.Google Scholar
Smith, RP, Coward, RM, Lipshultz, LI. The office visit. Urol Clin North Am. 2014;41(1):19–37.Google Scholar
Yanushpolsky, EH, Politch, JA, Hill, JA, Anderson, DJ. Antibiotic therapy and leukocytospermia: a prospective, randomized, controlled study. Fertil Steril. 1995;63(1):142–147.Google Scholar
Aitken, RJ, Buckingham, D, West, K, Wu, FC, Zikopoulos, K, Richardson, DW. Differential contribution of leucocytes and spermatozoa to the generation of reactive oxygen species in the ejaculates of oligozoospermic patients and fertile donors. J Reprod Fertil. 1992;94(2):451–462.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Egozcue, S, Blanco, J, Vendrell, JM, et al. Human male infertility: chromosome anomalies, meiotic disorders, abnormal spermatozoa and recurrent abortion. Hum Reprod Update. 2000;6(1):93–105.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oates, RD, Lamb, DJ. Genetic aspects of infertility. In: Lipshultz, L, Howards, S, Niederberger, C, eds. Infertility in the Male. 4th ed. Cambridge University Press; 2009:171–189.Google Scholar
de Souza, DAS, Faucz, FR, Pereira-Ferrari, L, Sotomaior, VS, Raskin, S. Congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens as an atypical form of cystic fibrosis: reproductive implications and genetic counseling. Andrology. 2018;6(1):127–135.Google Scholar
Ravel, C, Berthaut, I, Bresson, JL, Siffroi, JP, Genetics Commission of the French Federation of CECOS. Prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities in phenotypically normal and fertile adult males: large-scale survey of over 10,000 sperm donor karyotypes. Hum Reprod. 2006;21(6):1484–1489.Google Scholar
Van Assche, E, Bonduelle, M, Tournaye, H, et al. Cytogenetics of infertile men. Hum Reprod. 1996;11(Suppl. 4):1–24; discussion 5–6.Google Scholar
Wu, X, Goodyear, SM, Abramowitz, LK, et al. Fertile offspring derived from mouse spermatogonial stem cells cryopreserved for more than 14 years. Hum Reprod. 2012;27(5):1249–1259.Google Scholar
James, E, Jenkins, TG. Epigenetics, infertility, and cancer: future directions. Fertil Steril. 2018;109(1):27–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Murdica, V, Giacomini, E, Alteri, A, et al. Seminal plasma of men with severe asthenozoospermia contain exosomes that affect spermatozoa motility and capacitation. Fertil Steril. 2019;111(5):897–908 e2.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed