This chapter argues that Ephesos was a milieu de mémoire in the Noran sense, and that ancient Ephesians experienced its monuments (i.e buildings and inscriptions) in a way that elided distinctions between the past, present, and future. The material products of euergetism or public benefaction, that is, builidngs and statue monuments, embodied individual, family, and civic identities, and commemorated them in the landscape of the city.