Trouvère songbooks are designated in bold type by their sigla as given in Raynaud/Spanke. Troubadour songbooks have sigla, in bold type, according to Pillet/Carstens and are preceded by the prefix ‘troub’, for example, troubD. Motet sources are represented by the sigla in Ludwig's Repertorium and, where it is necessary to distinguish a motet source from a trouvère source, are preceded by the prefix ‘motet’, for example, motetF. A full list of sigla is provided in the list of abbreviations. Where a manuscript has both a trouvère and a troubadour siglum, only the trouvère siglum is used (with the exception of Chapter 6, where the Occitan content is discussed specifically). trouvère songs are identified by an RS number according to Raynaud/Spanke; troubadour songs are similarly identified by a PC number according to Pillet/Carstens, and conducti by the identifier given in Anderson's collected edition. Songs are referred to in italics with the spelling given in Raynaud/Spanke. Quotations from manuscripts (including the incipit of a song in the orthography in which it appears in a specific chansonnier) are given in single quotation marks and Roman type. Where a song has two numbers in Raynaud/Spanke, only the corrected number is given. Where it is necessary to indicate the state of copying of a song's music notation, designates that music notation has been entered, ≡ designates empty staves, and ⬜ designates space left in the manuscript for staves which were never entered. When lines of poetry are quoted within the text, a forward slash (/) is used to separate poetic lines.