Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Acknowledgments
- Contributors
- Editor's Preface
- Part 1 The mechanism of human facial expression or an electrophysiological analysis of the expression of the emotions
- Preface
- A Introduction
- B Scientific section
- Foreword
- Chapter 5 Anatomical preparations, and portraits of the subjects who underwent electrophysiological experiments
- Chapter 6 The muscle of attention (m. frontalis)
- Chapter 7 The muscle of reflection (superior part of m. orbicularis oculi, that part of the muscle called the sphincter of the eyelids)
- Chapter 8 The muscle of aggression (m. procerus)
- Chapter 9 The muscle of pain (m. corrugator supercilii)
- Chapter 10 The muscles of joy and benevolence (m. zygomaticus major and the inferior part of m. orbicularis oculi)
- Chapter 11 The muscle of lasciviousness (transverse part of m. nasalis)
- Chapter 12 The muscle of sadness (m. depressor anguli oris)
- Chapter 13 The muscles of weeping and whimpering (m. zygomaticus minor and m. levator labii superioris)
- Chapter 14 The muscles complementary to surprise (muscles that lower the mandible)
- Chapter 15 The muscle of fright, of terror (m. platysma)
- Chapter 16 A critical study of several antiquities from the point of view of m. corrugator supercilii and m. frontalis
- C Aesthetic section
- Part 2 Commentary chapters
- Index
Chapter 9 - The muscle of pain (m. corrugator supercilii)
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 10 November 2010
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Acknowledgments
- Contributors
- Editor's Preface
- Part 1 The mechanism of human facial expression or an electrophysiological analysis of the expression of the emotions
- Preface
- A Introduction
- B Scientific section
- Foreword
- Chapter 5 Anatomical preparations, and portraits of the subjects who underwent electrophysiological experiments
- Chapter 6 The muscle of attention (m. frontalis)
- Chapter 7 The muscle of reflection (superior part of m. orbicularis oculi, that part of the muscle called the sphincter of the eyelids)
- Chapter 8 The muscle of aggression (m. procerus)
- Chapter 9 The muscle of pain (m. corrugator supercilii)
- Chapter 10 The muscles of joy and benevolence (m. zygomaticus major and the inferior part of m. orbicularis oculi)
- Chapter 11 The muscle of lasciviousness (transverse part of m. nasalis)
- Chapter 12 The muscle of sadness (m. depressor anguli oris)
- Chapter 13 The muscles of weeping and whimpering (m. zygomaticus minor and m. levator labii superioris)
- Chapter 14 The muscles complementary to surprise (muscles that lower the mandible)
- Chapter 15 The muscle of fright, of terror (m. platysma)
- Chapter 16 A critical study of several antiquities from the point of view of m. corrugator supercilii and m. frontalis
- C Aesthetic section
- Part 2 Commentary chapters
- Index
Summary
Plates 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29
(Compare each of the sides of Plates 19, 21, 22, 24, 27, and 28 while covering the opposite side.)
Plate 19: A study, as in Plate 20, of both the fundamental and secondary expressive lines produced by the moderate electrical contraction of m. corrugator supercilii, in an old man (also shown in Plates 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 17, and 18).
On the right, the electrical contraction of m. corrugator supercilii to a moderate degree: suffering.
On the left, the face is relaxed, with a lost look (the subject was in this state at the time of the experiment).
Plate 20: Electrical stimulation, to a moderate degree, of m. corrugator supercilii: profound suffering, with resignation. (The face was relaxed at the time of the experiment, as in the preceding figure, but the face has been illuminated in such a way as to throw a strong shadow across its lower half.)
Plate 21: Showing the antagonism between m. corrugator supercilii and m. frontalis in the same individual.
(At the time of the experiment the gaze of the subject was directed upward and his forehead was furrowed across its whole breadth, as seen in the left side of this figure.) […]
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- The Mechanism of Human Facial Expression , pp. 60 - 68Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 1990