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Chapter 8 - The muscle of aggression (m. procerus)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 November 2010

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Summary

Plates 16, 17, 18

Plate 16: Showing that m. procerus terminates superiorly in the skin at the level of the heads of the eyebrows. Electrical contraction of both mm. procerus in a young man of gentle character (see his portrait, Plate 4): expression of severity.

Plate 17: A study of the expressive action of m. procerus in an old man (also shown in Plates 3, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, and 14). On the right, electrization of m. procerus: severity, aggression. On the left: attention.

Plate 18: Strong electrization of both mm. procerus: aggression, wickedness.

Further notes on these plates

Technical details

The experiment shown in Plate 16 sheds light on a previously unknown anatomical fact: The superior termination of m. procerus (P, Plate 1) is in the skin between, and at the level of, the heads of the two eyebrows, explaining the complete independence of this muscle. The electrodes have been placed on the root of the nose and we see that the skin of the inter-eyebrow space is drawn from above and below. A transverse furrow is thus formed at the level of the head of the eyebrow. This furrow does not exist in Plate 4, which shows the face of the same individual in repose.

The electrodes have not produced any muscular movement at the point corresponding to this transverse furrow; this is a new proof that the neutral point of the transverse furrow marks the insertion of m. procerus.

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Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 1990

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