Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Acknowledgments
- Contributors
- Editor's Preface
- Part 1 The mechanism of human facial expression or an electrophysiological analysis of the expression of the emotions
- Preface
- A Introduction
- B Scientific section
- Foreword
- Chapter 5 Anatomical preparations, and portraits of the subjects who underwent electrophysiological experiments
- Chapter 6 The muscle of attention (m. frontalis)
- Chapter 7 The muscle of reflection (superior part of m. orbicularis oculi, that part of the muscle called the sphincter of the eyelids)
- Chapter 8 The muscle of aggression (m. procerus)
- Chapter 9 The muscle of pain (m. corrugator supercilii)
- Chapter 10 The muscles of joy and benevolence (m. zygomaticus major and the inferior part of m. orbicularis oculi)
- Chapter 11 The muscle of lasciviousness (transverse part of m. nasalis)
- Chapter 12 The muscle of sadness (m. depressor anguli oris)
- Chapter 13 The muscles of weeping and whimpering (m. zygomaticus minor and m. levator labii superioris)
- Chapter 14 The muscles complementary to surprise (muscles that lower the mandible)
- Chapter 15 The muscle of fright, of terror (m. platysma)
- Chapter 16 A critical study of several antiquities from the point of view of m. corrugator supercilii and m. frontalis
- C Aesthetic section
- Part 2 Commentary chapters
- Index
Chapter 5 - Anatomical preparations, and portraits of the subjects who underwent electrophysiological experiments
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 10 November 2010
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Acknowledgments
- Contributors
- Editor's Preface
- Part 1 The mechanism of human facial expression or an electrophysiological analysis of the expression of the emotions
- Preface
- A Introduction
- B Scientific section
- Foreword
- Chapter 5 Anatomical preparations, and portraits of the subjects who underwent electrophysiological experiments
- Chapter 6 The muscle of attention (m. frontalis)
- Chapter 7 The muscle of reflection (superior part of m. orbicularis oculi, that part of the muscle called the sphincter of the eyelids)
- Chapter 8 The muscle of aggression (m. procerus)
- Chapter 9 The muscle of pain (m. corrugator supercilii)
- Chapter 10 The muscles of joy and benevolence (m. zygomaticus major and the inferior part of m. orbicularis oculi)
- Chapter 11 The muscle of lasciviousness (transverse part of m. nasalis)
- Chapter 12 The muscle of sadness (m. depressor anguli oris)
- Chapter 13 The muscles of weeping and whimpering (m. zygomaticus minor and m. levator labii superioris)
- Chapter 14 The muscles complementary to surprise (muscles that lower the mandible)
- Chapter 15 The muscle of fright, of terror (m. platysma)
- Chapter 16 A critical study of several antiquities from the point of view of m. corrugator supercilii and m. frontalis
- C Aesthetic section
- Part 2 Commentary chapters
- Index
Summary
Plates 1, 2a, 2b, 3, 4, 5, 6
Plate 3: The face of an old man who served in numerous electrophysiological experiments, photographed in repose.
Plate 4: The face in repose of a young man who appears in later photographs showing facial expressions produces both naturally and electrophysiologically.
Plate 5: Photograph of a young girl frowning, on whom several electrophysiological experiments were performed.
Plate 6: To show that when an electrode is applied to a nerve trunk that supplies several muscles only a grimace is produced. In this electrization of the temporofacial trunk we see contraction of all the muscles supplied by it; the grimace produced is similar to a tic of the face.
Further notes on these plates
The individual I chose as my principal subject for the experiments shown in this album was an old toothless man, with a thin face, whose features, without being absolutely ugly, approached ordinary triviality and whose facial expression was in perfect agreement with his inoffensive character and his restricted intelligence.
The reasons that determined my choice were:
In the elderly, facial muscle contractions produce all the expressive lines of the face (both fundamental and secondary lines).
The thinness of my subject favored the development of these expressive lines, and at the same time facilitated localized electrization of the muscles of his face.
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- The Mechanism of Human Facial Expression , pp. 42 - 48Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 1990