Adcock, Robert, and Collier, David. 2001. “Measurement Validity: A Shared Standard for Qualitative and Quantitative Research.” American Political Science Review 95: 529–546.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Allers, Maarten, and Kooreman, Peter. 2009. “More Evidence of the Effects of Voting Technology on Election Outcomes,.” Public Choice 139: 159–170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Alvarez, R. Michael. 2009. “Measuring Election Performance,” Caltech/MIT Voting Technology Project working paper, December 11.

Alvarez, R. Michael, Ansolabehere, Stephen, Berinsky, Adam, Lenz, Gariel, and Stewart, Charles, Thad Hall. 2008 Survey of the Performance of American Electorate. 2008.

Alvarez, R. Michael, Atkeson, Lonna Rae, and Hall, Thad E.. 2012. Evaluating Elections: A Handbook of Methods and Standards. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Alvarez, R. Michael, Goodrich, M., Hall, T. E., Kiewiet, R., and Sled, S. M.. 2004. “The Complexity of the California Recall Election.” PS: Political Science and Politics 37(1): 23–26.Google Scholar

Alvarez, R. Michael, and Hall, Thad E.. 2004. Point, Click, and Vote: The Future of Internet Voting. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.Google Scholar

Alvarez, R. Michael, and Hall, Thad E. 2008. Electronic Elections: The Perils and Promises of Digital Democracy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Alvarez, R. Michael, and Hall, Thad E.. 2009. “Provisional Ballots in the 2008 Ohio General Election,” Pew Charitable Trusts, Tthe Center for the States, Provisional Ballots: An Imperfect Solution, at: Google Scholar

Alvarez, R. Michael, Hall, Thad E., and Hyde, Susan D. (eds.). 2009. Election Fraud: Detecting and Deterring Electoral Manipulation. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.Google Scholar

Alvarez, R. Michael, Hall, Thad E., Levin, Ines, and Stewart, Charles III, 2011. “Voter Opinions about Election Reform: Do They Support Making Voting More Convenient?” Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy 10(2): 73–87.Google Scholar

Alvarez, R. Michael, Hall, Thad E., and Llewellyn, Morgan. 2008. “Are Americans Confident Their Ballots Are Counted?” 2008. Journal of Politics. 70 (3): 754–766.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Alvarez, R. Michael, Hall, Thad E., and Roberts, Brian. 2007. “Military Voting and the Law: Procedural and Technological Solutions to the Ballot Transit Problem.” Fordham Urban Law Review 34(3): 935–996.Google Scholar

Alvarez, R. Michael, Hall, Thad E., and Sinclair, Betsy. 2008. “Whose Absentee Votes Are Counted?” Electoral Studies 27(4): 673–683.Google Scholar

Alvarez, R. Michael, Levin, Ines, and Andrew Sinclair, J.. 2012. “Making Voting Easier: Convenience Voting in the 2008 Presidential Election,.” Political Research Quarterly 65 (2): 248–262.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ansolabehere, Stephen, and Hersh, Eitan. 2011. “Pants on Fire: Misreporting, Sample Selection, and Participation.” Unpublished manuscript.

Ansolabehere, Stephen, and Hersh, Eitan 2012. “Validation: What Big Data Reveal about Survey Misreporting and the Real Electorate.” Political Analysis 20(4): 437–459.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ansolabehere, Stephen, Rodden, Jonathan, and Snyder, James M., Jr. 2006. “Purple America.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 20: 97–118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ansolabehere, Stephen, and Stewart, Charles. 2005. “Residual Votes Attributable to Technology.” Journal of Politics 67: 365–389.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ansolabehere, Stephen, et al. 2010. “Voter Registration List Quality Pilot Studies: Report on Detailed Results.” CalTech MIT Voting Technology Project Working Paper, June 8.

Anspach, Renee. 1979. “From Stigma to Identity Politics: Political Activism among the Physically Disabled and Former Mental Patients.” Social Science and Medicine 13A: 765–773.Google ScholarPubMed

Arceneaux, Kevin, Kousser, Thad, and Mullin, Megan. 2012. “Get Out the Vote-by-Mail? A Randomized Field Experiment Testing the Effect of Mobilization in Traditional and Vote-by-Mail Precincts.” Political Research Quarterly 65(4): 882–894.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Atkeson, Lonna. 2011. “Voter Confidence in 2010: Voter Identification, Perceptions of Fraud, Winning and Losing and the Voting Experience.” Paper presented at “Aftermath of Bush v. Gore: Ten Years Later,” Center for the Study of Democracy, University of California, Irvine.

Atkeson, Lonna Rae, Bryant, Lisa Ann, Hall, Thad E., Saunders, Kyle, and Alvarez, Michael. 2010. “A New Barrier to Participation: Heterogeneous Application of Voter Identification Policies.” Electoral Studies 29(1): 66–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Atkeson, Lonna Rae, Michael Alvarez, R., and Hall, Thad E.. 2009. “Provisional Voting in New Mexico.” Pew Charitable Trusts, the Center for the States, Provisional Ballots: An Imperfect Solution. Google Scholar

Atkeson, Lonna Rae, and Saunders, Kyle L.. 2007. “The Effect of Election Administration on Voter Confidence: A Local Matter?” PS: Political Science & Politics 40 : 655–660.Google Scholar

Banks, James, Kapteyn, Arie, Smith, James P., and Soest, Arthur van. 2005. “Work Disability Is a Pain in the *****, Especially in England, the Netherlands, and the United States.” Working Paper No. 11558. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research Working Papers.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Barreto, Matt A., Streb, Matthew J., Marks, Mara and Guerra, Fernando, 2006. “Do Absentee Voters Differ From Polling Place Voters? New Evidence from California.” Public Opinion Quarterly 70(2): 224–234.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Berger, Jonah, Meredith, Marc, and Christian Wheeler, S.. 2008. “Contextual Priming: Where People Vote Affects How They Vote.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105: 8846–8849.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Bergman, Elizabeth, and Yates, Philip A.. 2011. “Changing Election Methods: How Does Mandated Vote-By-Mail Affect Individual Registrants?” Election Law Journal 10(2): 115–127.Google Scholar

Berinksy, Adam, Burns, Nancy, and Traugott, Michael. 2001. “Who Votes by Mail? A Dynamic Model of the Individual-Level Consequences of Voting by Mail Systems.” Public Opinion Quarterly 65(2): 178–197.Google Scholar

Berinsky, Adam J. 2005. “The Perverse Consequences of Electoral Reform in the United States.” American Politics Research 33: 471–491.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bernstein, Robert A., Chadha, Anita, and Montjoy, Robert. 2003. “Cross-State Bias in Voting and Registration Overreporting in the Current Population Surveys.” State Politics & Policy Quarterly 21: 367–386.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Biggers, Daniel R., and Hanmer, Michael J.. 2012. “Understanding the Adoption of Voter Identification Laws in the American States.” Working Paper, Yale University and University of Maryland.

Bjornlund, Eric C. 2004. Beyond Free and Fair: Monitoring Elections and Building Democracy. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar

Brady, Henry, and McNulty, John. 2011. “Turning Out to Vote: The Costs of Finding and Getting to the Polling Place.” American Political Science Review 105(1): 115–134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Brault, Matthew W. 2008. “Americans with Disabilities 2005.” Current Population Reports, P70–117, U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, DC,

Brennan, Jason. 2011. The Ethics of Voting. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Brown, Robert D., and Wedeking, Justin. 2006. “People Who Have Their Tickets but Do Not Use Them: ‘Motor Voter,’ Registration, and Turnout Revisited.” American Politics Research 34: 479–504.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Burden, Barry C. 2000. “Voter Turnout and the National Election Studies.” Political Analysis 8: 389–398.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Burden, Barry C., Canon, David T., Mayer, Kenneth R., and Moynihan, Donald P.. 2014. “Election Laws, Mobilization, and Turnout: The Unanticipated Consequences of Election Reform.” American Journal of Political Science 58: 95–109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Burkhauser, Richard. V., Houtenville, Andrew J., and Tennant, Jennifer R.. 2014. “Capturing the Elusive Working-Age Population With Disabilities: Reconciling Conflicting Social Success Estimates From the Current Population Survey and American Community Survey.” Journal of Disability Policy Studies 24: 195–205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Cain, Bruce E., MacDonald, Karin, and Murakami, Michael H.. 2008. “Administering the Overseas Vote.” Public Administration Review 68(5): 802–813.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Caltech/MIT Voting Technology Project. 2001. Voting: What Is, What Could Be.

Carey, Allison C. 2009. On the Margins of Citizenship: Intellectual Disability and Civil Rights in Twentieth-Century America. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.Google Scholar

Carmines, Edward G., and Zeller, Richard A.. 1979. Reliability and Validity Assessment. Sage University Paper Series on Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences, 07–004. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Cemenska, Nathan, Leighley, Jan E., Nagler, Jonathan, and Tokaji, Daniel P.. 2009. “Report on the 1972–2008 Early an Absentee Voting Dataset, submitted to the Pew Charitable Trusts.”

Claasen, Ryan, Magleby, David, Monson, Quin, and Patterson, Kelly. 2008. “Voter Confidence and the Election-Day Voting Experience.” Paper presented at the 2008 Joint Statistical Meetings.

Coleman, Kevin J. 2006. “The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act: Background and Issues.” Congressional Research Service Report No. RS20764.

Coleman, Kevin J., and Fischer, Eric A.. 2011. The Help America Vote Act and Elections Reform: Overview and Issues. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service.Google Scholar

Commission on Federal Election Reform. 2005. “Building Confidence in U.S. Elections.” Report of the Commission on Federal Election Reform, Center for Democracy and Election Management, American University. , accessed March 1, 2014.

Conway, M. Margaret. 2000. Political Participation in the United States. Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly.Google Scholar

Cox, Gary W., and Munger, Michael C.. 1989. “Closeness, Expenditures, and Turnout in the 1982 U.S. House Elections.” American Political Science Review 83: 217–230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Cuciti, Peggy, and Wallis, Allan. 2011. “Changing the Way Colorado Votes: A Study of Selected Reforms.” Report for the Best Practices and Vision Commission, Office of the Colorado Secretary of State.

Dahl, Robert. 1971. Polyarchy. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar

Dunaway, Johanna, and Stein, Robert M.. 2013. “Early Voting and Campaign News Coverage.” Political Communication 30: 278–296.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Eagleton Institute of Politics, Rutgers University, and the Moritz College of Law, Ohio State University. 2006. Report to U.S. Election Assistance Commission on Best Practices to Improve Provisional Voting.

Easton, David. 1975. “A Re-assessment of the Concept of Political Support.” British Journal of Political Science 5: 435–457.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Erikson, Robert S. 1981. “Why Do People Vote? Because They Are Registered.” American Politics Quarterly 9: 259–276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Everett, S. P., Byrne, M. D., and Greene, K. K. 2006. “Measuring the Usability of Paper Ballots: Efficiency, Effectiveness, and Satisfaction.” Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 50th Annual Meeting. Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.

Ewald, Alec C. 2009. The Way We Vote. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University Press.Google Scholar

Fitzgerald, Mary. 2005. “Greater Convenience But Not Greater Turnout: The Impact of Alternative Voting Methods on Electoral Participation in the United States.” American Politics Research 33: 842–867.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Foley, Edward B. 2005. “The Promise and Problems of Provisional Voting.” George Washington Law Review 73: 1193–1205.Google Scholar

Foley, Edward B. 2008. “Uncertain Insurance: The Ambiguities and Complexities of Provisional Voting.” In Voting in America: American Voting Systems in Flux: Debacles, Dangers, and Brave New Designs, ed. Felchner, Morgan E.. Westport, CT: Praeger, pp. 75–89.Google Scholar

Franklin, Daniel P., and Grier, Eric E.. 1997. “Effects of Motor Voter Legislation: Voter Turnout, Registration, and Partisan Advantage in the 1992 Presidential Election.” American Politics Research 25: 104–117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fullerton, Andrew S., Dixon, Jeffrey C., and Borch, Casey. 2007. “Bringing Registration into Models of Vote Overreporting.” Public Opinion Quarterly 71: 649–660.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

General Accounting Office. 2009a. Additional Monitoring of Polling Places Could Further Improve Accessibility. GAO-09–941. Washington, DC: General Accounting Office.Google Scholar

General Accounting Office 2009b. More Polling Places Had No Potential Impediments than in 2000, but Challenges Remain. GAO-09–685. Washington, DC: General Accounting Office.Google Scholar

Gerber, Alan S., Huber, Gregory A., and Hill, Seth J.. 2013. “Identifying the Effect of All-Mail Elections on Turnout: Staggered Reform in the Evergreen State.” Political Science Research and Methods 1(1): 91–116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gerken, Heather K. 2009a. The Democracy Index: Why Our Election System Is Failing and How to Fix It. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gerken, Heather. 2009b. “Provisional Ballots: The Miner’s Canary for Election Administration.,” Pew Charitable Trusts, The Center for the States, Provisional Ballots: An Imperfect Solution,

Gerring, John. 2012. Social Science Methodology: A Unified Framework, 2nd ed. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Gimpel, James, and Schuknecht, Jason. 2003. “Political Participation and the Accessibility of the Ballot Box.” Political Geography 22(4): 471–488.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gimpel, James G., Dyck, Joshua J., and Shaw, Daron R.. 2007. “Election-Year Stimuli and the Timing of Voter Registration.” Party Politics 13: 351–374.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Greene, Kristen K., Byrne, Michael D., and Everett, Sarah P.. 2006. “A Comparison of Usability between Voting Methods.” Proceedings of the 2006 USENIX/ACCURATE Electronic Voting Technology Workshop.

Gronke, Paul, and Cook, Timothy E.. 2007. “Disdaining the Media: The American Public’s Changing Attitudes toward the News.” Political Communication 24(3): 259–281.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gronke, Paul, and Galanes-Rosenbaum, Eva. 2008. “The Growth of Early and Non-Precinct Place Balloting: When, Why, and Prospects for the Future.” In The Election Law Handbook. Chicago: American Bar Association.Google Scholar

Gronke, Paul, and Hicks, James. 2009. “Trust in Government and Social Institutions.” In Understanding Public Opinion, ed. Norrander, Barbara and Wilcox, Clyde. Washington, DC: CQ Press.Google Scholar

Gronke, Paul, and Miller, Peter. 2012. “Voting by Mail and Turnout in Oregon Revisiting Southwell and Burchett.” American Politics Research 40(6): 976–997.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gronke, Paul, Galanes-Rosenbaum, Eva, Miller, Peter, and Toffey, Daniel Krantz. 2008. “Convenience Voting.” Annual Review of Political Science 11:437–455.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gronke, Paul, Galanes-Rosenbaum, Eva, and Miller, Peter. 2007. “Early Voting and Turnout.” PS: Political Science and Politics 40: 639–645.Google Scholar

Gronke, Paul, Galanes-Rosenbaum, Eva, and Miller, Peter 2008. “Early Voting and Voter Turnout.” In Democracy in the States: Experiments in Election Reform, eds. Tolbert, C. J., Donovan, T., and Cain, B. E.. Washington DC: Brookings Institution Press, pp. 68–83.Google Scholar

Hall, Thad E. 2008. “UOCAVA: A State of the Research.” VTP Working Paper #69.

Hall, Thad E., and Smith, Claire. 2012. “Barriers to Overseas Voting and Satisfaction with the Voting Process.” Paper Presented at the 2012 Midwest Political Science Association Annual Meeting.

Hall, Thad E., Quin Monson, J., and Patterson, Kelly D.. 2009. “The Human Dimension of Elections How Poll Workers Shape Public Confidence in Elections.” Political Research Quarterly 62(3): 507–522.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hamner, Michael, and Traugott, Michael. 2004. “The Impact of Voting by Mail on Voter Behavior.” American Politics Research 32(4): 375–405.Google Scholar

Hamner, Michael J. 2009. Discount Voting: Voter Registration Reforms and Their Effects. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Interactive, Harris. 2010. The ADA: 20 Years Later, Kessler Foundation/NOD Survey of Americans with Disabilities. New York: Harris Interactive.Google Scholar

Haspel, Moshe, and Gibbs Knotts, H.. 2005. “Location, Location, Location: Precinct Placement and the Costs of Voting.” Journal of Politics 67(2): 560–573.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Henry, Ray. 2012. “Fulton County Sorts through Provisional Ballots, Certifies Election Results.” Augusta Chronicle, November 10. Google Scholar

Herrnson, Paul S., Niemi, Richard G., Hanmer, Michael J., Bederson, Benjamin B., Conrad, Frederick G., and Traugott, Michael W.. 2008. Voting Technology: The Not-So-Simple Act of Casting a Ballot. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.Google Scholar

Highton, Benjamin. 1997. “Easy Registration and Voter Turnout.” Journal of Politics 59: 565–575.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Highton, Benjamin 2004. “Voter Registration and Turnout in the United States.” Perspectives on Politics 2: 507–515.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Highton, Benjamin, and Wolfinger, Raymond E.. 1998. “Estimating the Effects of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993.” Political Behavior 20: 79–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Holbrook, Thomas, and Heidbreder, Brianne. 2010. “Does Measurement Matter? The Case of VAP and VEP in Models of Voter Turnout in the United States.” State Politics & Policy Quarterly 10: 157–179.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Issacharoff, Samuel, and Lichtman, Allan J.. 1993. “The Census Undercount and Minority Representation: The Constitutional Obligation of the States to Guarantee Equal Representation.” The Review of Litigation 13(1): 1–29.Google Scholar

Issenberg, Sasha. 2012. The Victory Lab: The Secret Science of Winning Campaigns. New York: Crown.Google Scholar

Jackson, Robert A., Brown, Robert D., and Wright, Gerald C.. 1998. “Registration, Turnout, and the Electoral Representativeness of U.S. State Electorates.” American Politics Research 26: 259–287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jencks, S. F., Cuerdon, T., Burwen, D. R., et al. 2000. “Quality of Medical Care Delivered to Medicare Beneficiaries: A Profile at State and National Levels.” Journal of the American Medical Association 284: 1670–1676.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Johnson, William G., and Lambrinos, James. 1985. “Wage Discrimination against Handicapped Men and Women.” The Journal of Human Resources 20: 264–277.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Karen, Jowers. 2004. “Troops Want to Know: Where’s My %&#@ Mail?!,” Army Times, May 10: 1.Google Scholar

Karlawish, Jason H., and Bonnie, Richard J.. 2007. “Voting by Elderly Persons with Cognitive Impairment: Lessons from Other Democratic Nations.” McGeorge Law Review 38: 880–916.Google Scholar

Karp, Jeffrey A., and Banducci, Susan A.. 2000. “Going Postal: How All-Mail Elections Influence Turnout.” Political Behavior 22 (3): 223–239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Karp, Jeffrey A., and Banducci, Susan A. 2001. “Absentee Voting, Mobilization, and Participation.” American Politics Research 29(2): 183–195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Keyssar, Alexander. 2001. The Right to Vote: The Contested History of Democracy in the United States. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar

Kim, Jae-On, Petrocik, John R., and Enokson, Stephen N.. 1975. “Voter Turnout among the American States: Systematic and Individual Components.” American Political Science Review 69: 107–123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kimball, D. C., and Baybeck, B.. 2013. “Are All Jurisdictions Equal? Size Disparity in Election Administration.” Election Law Journal 12(2): 130–145.Google Scholar

Kimball, David C., and Foley, Edward B.. 2009. “Unsuccessful Provisional Voting in the 2008 General Election.” Pew Charitable Trusts, The Center for the States, Provisional Ballots: An Imperfect Solution.

Kimball, David C., and Kropf, Martha. 2008. “Voting Technology, Ballot Measures, and Residual Votes.” American Politics Research 36: 479.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kimball, David C., Kropf, Martha, and Battles, Lindsay. 2006. “Helping America Vote? Election Administration, Partisanship, and Provisional Voting in the 2004 Election.” Election Law Journal 5 (4): 447–461.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

King, Gary, Keohane, Robert O., and Verba, Sidney. 1994. Designing Social Inquiry: Scientific Inference in Qualitative Research. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Korte, Gregory. 2012. “Study Shows Voters with Disabilities Face Access Barriers,.” USA Today, August 9, 4.Google Scholar

Kousser, Thad, and Mullin, Megan. 2007. “Does Voting by Mail Increase Participation? Using Matching to Analyze a Natural Experiment.” Political Analysis 15(4): 428–445.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kropf, Martha, and Kimball, David. 2011. Helping America Vote: The Limits of Election Reform. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar

Laskowski, Sharon, Autry, Marguerite, Cugini, John, Killam, William, and Yen, James. 2004. Improving the Usability and Accessibility of Voting Systems and Products. Washington, DC: National Institute of Standards and Technology.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Liebschutz, Sarah, and Palazzolo, Daniel J.. 2005. “HAVA and the States.” Publius (Fall): 497–514.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lijphart, Arend. 1997. “Unequal Participation: Democracy’s Unresolved Dilemma.” American Political Science Review 91: 1–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Link, Jessica N., Kropf, Martha, Hirsch, Mark Alexander, Hammond, Flora M., Karlawish, Jason, Schur, Lisa, Kruse, Douglas, and Davis, Christine S.. 2012. “Assessing Voting Competence and Political Knowledge: Comparing Individuals with Traumatic Brain Injuries and ‘Average’ College Students.” Election Law Journal, 11: 52–69.Google Scholar

Mann, Christopher B. 2011. “Get the Vote in the Mail: Experiments in Getting Out the Vote using no Excuse Absentee Voting.” Annual Meeting of the Southern Political Science Association, New Orleans, LA.

Mann, Christopher B., and Kalla, Joshua. 2013. “Prompting Participation by Reducing Cost or Increasing Motivation: A Field Experiment on Encouraging Different Modes of Voting.”. Paper presented at the Midwest Political Science Association Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL.

Mann, Christopher B., and Mayhew, Genevieve. 2012. “Multiple Voting Methods, Multiple Mobilization Opportunities? Voting Behavior, Institutional Reform, and Mobilization Strategy.” Paper presented at the Southern Political Science Association Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA.

Mann, Christopher B., and Mayhew, Genevieve. forthcoming. “Voter Mobilization Meets eGovernment: Turnout and Voting by Mail from Online or Paper Ballot Request.” Journal of Political Marketing.

Mann, Christopher B., and Sondheimer, Rachel M.. 2009. “The Role of Local Election Officials in Promoting Growth of Mail Voting.” Report to Pew Center on the States, Washington, DC.

Mann, Christopher B., and Sondheimer, Rachel M.. 2013. “Reducing Ballot Errors & Increasing Turnout in All Mail Elections: A Field Experiment on Voter Education by the County Clerk.” Paper presented at the American Political Science Association Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL.

Mathews, T. J., and MacDorman, M. F.. 2012. “Infant Mortality Statistics from the 2008 Period Linked Birth/Infant Death Data Set.” National Vital Statistics Reports 60 (5): 1–28.Google ScholarPubMed

McDonald, Michael P. 2002. “The Turnout Rate among Eligible Voters in the States, 1980–2000.” State Politics & Policy Quarterly 2: 199–212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

McDonald, Michael P. 2008. “Portable Voter Registration.” Political Behavior 30: 491–501.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

McDonald, Michael P. 2010. “American Voter Turnout in Historical Perspective.” In The Oxford Handbook of American Elections and Political Behavior, ed. Leighley, Jan E.. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

McDonald, Michael P., and Popkin, Samuel. 2001. “The Myth of the Vanishing Voter.” American Political Science Review 95: 963–974.Google Scholar

McNulty, John, Dowling, Conor, and Ariotti, Margaret. 2009. “Driving Saints to Sin: How Increasing the Difficulty of Voting Disuades Even the Most Motivated Voters.” Political Analysis 17(4): 435–455.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Michelson, Melissa R., Malhotra, Neil, Healy, Andrew, Green, Donald P., Carnegie, Allison, and Valenzuela, Ali Adam. 2012. Election Law Journal 11(3): 279–290.

Minnite, Lorraine C. 2010. The Myth of Voter Fraud. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

Monroe, Nathan W., and Sylvester, Dari E.. 2011. “Who Converts to Vote-By-Mail? Evidence From a Field Experiment.” Election Law Journal 10(1): 15–35.Google Scholar

Moore, Toby. 2009. “What a Better Election Data System Might Look Like.” Pew Charitable Trusts, The Center for the States, Provisional Ballots: An Imperfect Solution. Google Scholar

Munck, Gerardo L., and Verkuilen, Jay. 2002. “Conceptualizing and Measuring Democracy: Evaluating Alternative Indices.” Comparative Political Studies 35: 5–34.Google Scholar

Muzzatti, B. 2008. “Attitudes towards Disability: Beliefs, Emotive Reactions, and Behaviors by Non-Disabled Persons [Gli atteggiamenti verso la disabilita: Credenze, reazioni emotive e comportamenti delle persone non disabili ].” Giornale Italiano di Psicologia 35(2): 313–333.Google Scholar

Myagkov, Mikhail, Ordeshook, Peter C., and Shakin, Dimitri. 2009. The Forensics of Election Fraud. New York:Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

National Conference of State Legislatures. 2012. “Absentee and Early Voting.” , June 1.

Neeley, Grant, and Richardson, Lilliard. 2001. “Who Is Early Voting? An Individual Level Examination.” Social Science Journal 38(3): 381–392.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Nowicki, Elizabeth A., and Sandieson, Robert. 2002. “A Meta-Analysis of School-Age Children’s Attitudes towards Persons with Physical or Intellectual Disabilities.” International Journal of Disability 49(3): 243–265.Google Scholar

Oliver, J. Eric. 1996. “Who Votes at Home? The Influence of State Law and Party Activity on Absentee Voting and Overall Turnout.” American Journal of Political Science 40(2): 498–513.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Padden, Carol A., and Humphries, Tom L.. 2006. Inside Deaf Culture. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Pettigrew, Stephen, and Stewart, Charles. 2013a. “Cleaned 2008 Election Administration and Voting Survey Data.”

Pettigrew, Stephen, and Stewart, Charles. 2013b. “Cleaned 2010 Election Administration and Voting Survey Data.”

Pettigrew, Stephen, and Stewart, Charles. 2013c. “Cleaned 2012 Election Administration and Voting Survey Data.”

Pew Center on the States. 2008. Being Online Is Not Enough: State Election Websites. , accessed June 14, 2012.

Pew Center on the States 2011. Being Online Is Still Not Enough: State Election Websites. , accessed June 14, 2012.Google Scholar

Pew Center on the States 2012a. Election Administration by the Numbers: An Analysis of Available Datasets and How to Use Them. Washington, DC: Pew Center on the States.Google Scholar

Pew Center on the States 2012b. Inaccurate, Costly, and Inefficient: Evidence that America’s Voter Registration System Needs and Upgrade. Washington, DC: Pew Center on the States.Google Scholar

Pew Charitable Trusts. 2012. Election Administration by the Numbers: An Analysis of Available Datasets and How to Use Them. Washington: Pew Charitable Trusts.Google Scholar

Pew Charitable Trusts 2014. Online Voter Lookup Tools.

Ponoroff, Christopher. 2010. Voter Registration in a Digital Age. New York: Brennan Center for Justice.Google Scholar

Rhine, Staci L. 1995. “Registration Reform and Turnout Change in the American States.” American Politics Research 23: 409–426.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Richey, Sean. 2008. “Voting by Mail: Turnout and Institutional Reform in Oregon.” Social Science Quarterly 89 (4): 902–915.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Roseman, Gary, and Frank Stephenson, E.. 2005. “The Effect of Voting Technology on Voter Turnout: Do Computers Scare the Elderly?” Public Choice 123: 39–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rosenstone, Steven J., and Hansen, John Mark. 1993. Mobilization, Participation, and Democracy in America. New York: Longman.Google Scholar

Roth, Susan King. 1998. “Disenfranchised by Design: Voting Systems and the Election Process.” The Information Design Journal, 9: 29–38.Google Scholar

Sabatino, Charles P., and Spurgeon, Edward D.. 2007. “Facilitating Voting as People Age: Implications of Cognitive Impairment: Introduction.” McGeorge Law Review 38: 843–859.Google Scholar

Sances, Michael, and Stewart, Charles. 2012. “Partisanship and Voter Confidence, 2000–2010.” Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago, IL.

Schneider, Anne, and Ingram, Helen. 1993. “Social Construction of Target Populations: Implications for Politics and Policy.” American Political Science Review 87(2): 334–347.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Schriner, Kay, Ochs, Lisa, and Shields, Todd. 1997. “The Last Suffrage Movement: Voting Rights for People with Cognitive and Emotional Disabilities.” Publius 27(3): 75–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Schur, Lisa. 1998. “Disability and the Psychology of Political Participation,” Journal of Disability Policy Studies 9(2): 3–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Schur, Lisa 2003. “Contending with the ‘Double Handicap’: Political Activism among Women with Disabilities.” Women and Politics 15(2): 31–62.Google Scholar

Schur, Lisa, and Adya, Meera. 2013. “Sidelined or Mainstreamed? Political Participation and Attitudes of People with Disabilities in the United States.” Social Science Quarterly 94(3): 811–839.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Schur, Lisa, Adya, Meera, and Kruse, Douglas. 2013. “Disability, Voter Turnout, and Voting Difficulties in the 2012 Elections.” Rutgers University, School of Management and Labor Relations.

Schur, Lisa, Kruse, Douglas, and Blanck, Peter. 2013. People with Disabilities: Sidelined or Mainstreamed?Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Schur, Lisa, Shields, Todd, Kruse, Douglas, and Schriner, Kay. 2002. “Enabling Democracy: Disability and Voter Turnout.” Political Research Quarterly 55(1): 167–190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Schur, Lisa, Shields, Todd, and Schriner, Kay. 2003. “Can I Make a Difference? Efficacy, Employment, and Disability.” Political Psychology 24(1): 119–149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Schur, Lisa, Shields, Todd, and Schriner, Kay 2005. “Voting.” In Encyclopedia of Disability, ed. G. Albrecht. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar

Scior, Katrina. 2011. “Public Awareness, Attitudes and Beliefs Regarding Intellectual Disability: A Systematic Review.” Research in Developmental Disabilities 32(6): 2164–2182.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Scotch, Richard. 1988. “Disability as the Basis for a Social Movement: Advocacy and the Politics of Definition.” Journal of Social Issues 44: 159–172.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Shambon, Leonard, and Abouchar, Keith. 2006. “Trapped by Precincts? The Help America Vote Act’s Provisional Ballots and the Problem of Precincts.” NYU Journal of Legislation and Public Policy 10: 133–194.Google Scholar

Shapiro, Joseph. 1993. No Pity: People with Disabilities Forging a New Civil Rights Movement. New York: Random House.Google Scholar

Smith, Claire. 2009. “Defining the Universe: The Problem of Counting Overseas Voters.” Overseas Vote Foundation Research Newsletter, May 2–6.Google Scholar

Southwell, Priscilla. 2004. “Five Years Later: A Re-Assessment of Oregon’s Vote by Mail Electoral Process.” PS: Political Science and Politics 37(1): 89–93.Google Scholar

Southwell, Priscilla 2010a. “Voting Behavior in Vote-by-Mail Elections.” Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy 10(1): 106–115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Southwell, Priscilla 2010b. “A Panacea for Latino and Black Voters? Elevated Turnout in Vote by Mail Elections,” The Social Science Journal 47(4): 819–828.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Southwell, Priscilla 2011. “Letting the Counties Decide: Voter Turnout and the All-Mail Option in the State of Washington.” Politics & Policy 39(6): 979–996.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Southwell, Priscilla, and Burchett, Justin. 2000. “The Effect of All-Mail Elections on Voter Turnout.” American Politics Quarterly 29(1): 72–80.Google Scholar

Southwell, Priscilla L. 2009. “Analysis of the Turnout Effects of Vote by Mail Elections, 1980–2007.” The Social Science Journal 46: 211–217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

StatsRRTC. 2012. 2012 Annual Disability Statistics Compendium. Durham: Institute on Disability, University of New Hampshire.Google Scholar

Stein, Robert. 1998. “Early Voting.” Public Opinion Quarterly 62(1): 57–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Stein, Robert, and Garcia-Monet, Patricia. 1997. “Voting Early, But Not Often.” Social Science Quarterly 78: 657–677.Google Scholar

Stein, Robert, and Vonnahme, Greg. 2008. “Engaging the Unengaged Voter: Vote Centers and Voter Turnout.” Journal of Politics 7: 487–497.Google Scholar

Stein, Robert, and Vonnahme, Greg 2010. “The Cost of Elections.” Paper presented at the 2010 Meetings of the Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago, IL, April 1–4.

Stein, Robert, and Vonnahme, Greg 2012a. “The Effect of Election Day Vote Centers on Voter Participation,” Election Law Journal 11(4): 291–301.

Stein, Robert, and Vonnahme, Greg 2012b. “Where, When and How We Vote: Does It Matter?” Social Science Quarterly 93(3): 693–712.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Stein, Robert, Vonnahme, Greg, Byrne, Michael, and Wallach, Daniel. 2008. “Voting Technology, Election Administration, and Voter Performance.” Election Law Journal 7(2): 123–135.Google Scholar

Stewart, Charles. 2006. “Residual Vote in the 2004 Election.” Election Law Journal 5: 158–169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Stewart, Charles. 2008. “2008 Survey of the Performance of American Elections.”

Stewart, Charles. 2009. “Early-and-Late-Adopters of Provisional Ballots.” Pew Center on the States.

Stewart, Charles 2010. “More Voting By Mail? First, Consider the Hidden Costs.” Web Blog Post. , accessed March 1, 2014.

Stewart, Charles 2011a. “Voting Technologies.” Annual Review of Political Science 14: 353–378.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Stewart, Charles 2011b. “Adding Up the Costs and Benefits of Voting by Mail.” Election Law Journal 10(3): 297–301.Google Scholar

Stewart, Charles 2011c. “Voting Technologies.” Annual Review of Political Science 14: 353–378.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Stewart, Charles 2013. “2012 Survey of the Performance of American Elections.”

Thad, E. Hall, Alvarez, R. Michael, and Atkeson, Lonna, eds. 2012. Confirming Elections: Creating Confidence and Integrity Through Election Auditing. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Thompson, Denise, Fisher, Karen, Purcal, Christiane, Deeming, Chris, and Sawrikar, Pooja. 2012. “Community Attitudes to People with Disability: Scoping Project.” Available at SSRN 2014423 (2012). U.S. Election Assistance Commission. 2008: 2008 Election and Administration and Voting Survey.

Timpone, Richard J. 1998. “Structure, Behavior, and Voter Turnout in the United States.” American Political Science Review 92: 145–158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Tokaji, Daniel. 2004–2005. “Early Returns on Election Reform: Discretion, Disenfranchisement, and the Help America Vote Act.” George Washington Law Review 73: 1206–1253.Google Scholar

Tokaji, Daniel P., and Colker, Ruth. 2007. “Absentee Voting by People with Disabilities: Promoting Access and Integrity.” McGeorge Law Review 38: 1015–1064.Google Scholar

U.S. Census Bureau. 2008. “Voting and Registration Supplement to the Current Population Survey, 2008.”

U.S. Census Bureau 2010. “Voting and Registration Supplement to the Current Population Survey, 2010.”

U.S. Census Bureau 2012. “2012 Voting and Registration Supplement to CPS.”

U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. 1983. Accommodating the Spectrum of Individual Abilities, Clearinghouse Publication 81. Washington, DC: U.S. Commission on Civil Rights.Google Scholar

U.S. Department of Commerce. 2011. Exploring the Digital Nation: Computer and Internet Use at Home. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Commerce.Google Scholar

U.S. Election Assistance Commission. 2008 Election Administration and Voting Survey: Survey of Key Findings, p. 41.

U.S. Election Assistance Commission 2012 Statutory Overview Report, pp. 10–11.

U.S. Election Assistance Commission 2010. “A Guide to the Election Administration and Voting Survey.” , accessed June 14, 2012.

U.S. Election Assistance Commission 2011a. The Impact of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 on the Administration of Elections for Federal Office 2009–2010. A Report to the 112th Congress. Washington, DC: U.S. EAC.Google Scholar

U.S. Election Assistance Commission 2011b. 2010 Statutory Overview Report. , accessed June 14, 2012.

U.S. General Accounting Office. 2004. “Operation Iraqi Freedom: Long-Standing Problems Hampering Mail Delivery Need to Be Resolved 13.” GAO Publication No. GAO-04–484.

U.S. House of Representatives. 2006. H.R. REP. 99–765, 1986 U.S.C.C.A.N. 2009, House Report 99–965 of August 7, 1986 on the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act. H.R. Rep. No. 99–765.

Verba, Sidney, Schlozman, Kay, and Brady, Henry. 1995. Voice and Equality: Civic Voluntarism in American Life. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

von Spakovsky, Hans A. 2005. “Voting by Military Personnel and Overseas Citizens: The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act.” The Federalist Society for Law and Public Policy Studies.Google Scholar

Wehbi, Samantha, and El-Lahib, Yahya. 2008. “Sit (or Stand) and Be Counted! Campaigning for the Voting Rights of People with Disabilities in Lebanon.” Disability Studies Quarterly 28(2).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Westerholm, Robert I., Radak, Laura, Keys, Christopher B., and Henry, David B.. 2006a. “Stigma.” In Encyclopedia of Disability, ed. Gary L. Albrecht. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Westerholm, Robert I., Radak, Laura, Keys, Christopher B., and Henry, David B. 2006b. “Stigma, International.” In Encyclopedia of Disability, eds. Albrecht, G., Bickenbach, J., Mitchell, D., Schalick, W., and Snyder, S.. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, pp. 1507–1510.Google Scholar

Wolfinger, Raymond E., and Rosenstone, Steven J.. 1980. Who Votes?New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.Google Scholar

Wolfinger, Raymond E., Highton, Benjamin, and Mullin, Megan. 2005. “How Postregistration Laws Affect the Turnout of Citizens Registered to Vote.” State Politics & Policy Quarterly 5: 1–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

World Health Organization/World Bank. 2011. World Report on Disability. Geneva: WHO and World Bank.Google Scholar

Yuker, Harold, ed. 1988. Attitudes toward Persons with Disabilities. New York: Springer.Google Scholar

Zaeller, Richard A., and Carmines, Edward G.. 1980. Measurement in the Social Sciences. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar