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15 - Iron mineralogy and aqueous alteration on Mars from the MER Mössbauer spectrometers

from Part III - Mineralogy and Remote Sensing of Rocks, Soil, Dust, and Ices

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 December 2009

By
R. V. Morris  and
G. Klingelhöfer
Edited by
Jim Bell
R. V. Morris
Affiliation:
NASA/JSC Code KR, Building 31, Room 120 2101 NASA Road 1 Houston, TX 77058, USA
G. Klingelhöfer
Affiliation:
Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie, University of Mainz, Mainz, 55099, Germany
Jim Bell
Affiliation:
Cornell University, New York
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Summary

ABSTRACT

The twin Mars Exploration Rovers (MER) Spirit (Gusev crater) and Opportunity (Meridiani Planum) used miniaturized Mössbauer spectrometers (MIMOS II) to analyze Martian surface materials in the first application of extraterrestrial Mössbauer (MB) spectroscopy. The instruments acquired spectra that identified the speciation of Fe according to oxidation state, coordination state, and mineralogical composition and provided quantitative information about the distribution of Fe among oxidation states, coordination states, and Fe-bearing phases. A total of 12 unique Fe-bearing phases were identified: Fe2 + in olivine, pyroxene, and ilmenite; Fe2 + and Fe3 + in magnetite and chromite; Fe3 + in nanophase ferric oxide (npOx), hematite, goethite, jarosite, an unassigned Fe3 + sulfate, and an unassigned Fe3 + phase associated with jarosite; and Fe0 in kamacite. Weakly altered basalts at Gusev crater (SO3 = 2.5 ± 1.4 wt.% and Fe3 +/FeT = 0.24 ± 0.11) are widespread on the Gusev plains and occur in less abundance on West Spur and Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills. Altered low-S rocks (SO3 = 5.2 ± 2.0 wt.% and Fe3 +/FeT = 0.63 ± 0.18) are the most common type of rock in the Columbia Hills. Ilm-bearing, weakly altered basalts were detected only in the Columbia Hills, as was the only occurrence of chromite in an altered low-S rock named Assemblee. Altered high-S rocks (SO3 > 14.2 wt.% and Fe3 +/FeT = 0.83 ± 0.05) are the outcrop rocks of the ubiquitous Burns formation at Meridiani Planum.

Type
Chapter
Information
The Martian Surface
Composition, Mineralogy and Physical Properties
 , pp. 339 - 365
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2008

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