This chapter describes the international and domestic backgrounds related to the regulations and practices of bankers’ remuneration in the UK and China. It provides an overview of the bank failures in the UK during the GFC and the practice of bankers’ remuneration incentives, which was a significant contributing factor to these bank failures. It also summarises the evolution and development of the modern banking system in China and the transitional reform of corporate governance and remuneration incentives in Chinese banks. Based on these backgrounds, this chapter highlights the rationales for the regulations of bankers’ remuneration in the UK and China respectively.