Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T13:15:42.680Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 1 - Standard Semen Examination: Manual Semen Analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 April 2021

By
Lars Björndahl
Edited by
Ashok Agarwal ,
Ralf Henkel  and
Ahmad Majzoub
Ashok Agarwal
Affiliation:
The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
Ralf Henkel
Affiliation:
University of the Western Cape, South Africa
Ahmad Majzoub
Affiliation:
Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha
Get access

Summary

The aim of this chapter is not to provide all practical details necessary for proper semen examination. There already exist other sources for that type of information [1, 2]. The purpose of this chapter is therefore to focus on biological and physiological aspects that are relevant to the examination of human ejaculates. It is aimed to give the clinician a proper background to set requirements for a qualitative laboratory service needed to diagnose and treat men with disorders in the male reproductive organs contributing to couple infertility.

Type
Chapter
Information
Manual of Sperm Function Testing in Human Assisted Reproduction , pp. 6 - 10
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

World Health Organization. (2010) WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen, 5th ed. Cooper, TG, Aitken, J, Auger, J, Baker, HWG, Barratt, CLR, Behre, HM, et al., eds. Geneva: The WHO Press, p. 286.Google Scholar
Björndahl, L, Mortimer, D, Barratt, CLR, Castilla, JA, Menkveld, R, Kvist, U, et al. (2010) A Practical Guide to Basic Laboratory Andrology. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. xii, 336.Google Scholar
Jedrzejczak, P, Taszarek-Hauke, G, Hauke, J, Pawelczyk, L, Duleba, AJ. Prediction of spontaneous conception based on semen parameters. Int J Androl 2008; 31(5): 499–507.Google Scholar
Guzick, DS, Overstreet, JW, Factor-Litvak, P, Brazil, CK, Nakajima, ST, Coutifaris, C, et al. Sperm morphology, motility, and concentration in fertile and infertile men. N Engl J Med 2001; 345(19): 1388–93.Google Scholar
Levine, H, Mohri, H, Ekbom, A, Ramos, L, Parker, G, Roldan, E, et al. Male reproductive health statement. XIIIth International Symposium on Spermatology, May 9–12, 2018, Stockholm, Sweden. Basic Clin Androl 2018; 28: 13.Google Scholar
Björndahl, L, Kvist, U. Sequence of ejaculation affects the spermatozoon as a carrier and its message. Reprod Biomed Online 2003; 7(4): 440–8.Google Scholar
Björndahl, L, Kvist, U. Human sperm chromatin stabilization: a proposed model including zinc bridges. MHR 2010; 16(1): 23–9.Google ScholarPubMed
MacLeod, J, Gold, RZ. The male factor in fertility and infertility. III. An analysis of motile activity in the spermatozoa of 1000 fertile men and 1000 men in infertile marriage. Fertil Steril 1951; 2(3): 187–204.Google Scholar
Holmes, E, Björndahl, L, Kvist, U. Post-ejaculatory increase in human semen osmolality in vitro. Andrologia 2019: e13311.Google Scholar
Holmes, E, Bjorndahl, L, Kvist, U. Possible factors influencing post-ejaculatory changes of the osmolality of human semen in vitro. Andrologia 2019: e13443.Google Scholar
Pound, N, Javed, MH, Ruberto, C, Shaikh, MA, Del Valle, AP. Duration of sexual arousal predicts semen parameters for masturbatory ejaculates. Physiol Behav 2002; 76(4–5): 685–9.Google Scholar
Cooper, TG, Brazil, C, Swan, SH, Overstreet, JW. Ejaculate volume is seriously underestimated when semen is pipetted or decanted into cylinders from the collection vessel. J Androl 2007; 28(1): 1–4.Google Scholar
Woodward, B, Gossen, N, Meadows, J, Tomlinson, M. Uncertainty associated with assessing semen volume: are volumetric and gravimetric methods that different? Hum Fertil 2016; 19(4): 249–53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Björndahl, L, Soderlund, I, Johansson, S, Mohammadieh, M, Pourian, MR, Kvist, U. Why the WHO recommendations for eosin-nigrosin staining techniques for human sperm vitality assessment must change. J Androl 2004; 25(5): 671–8.Google Scholar
Björndahl, L, Soderlund, I, Kvist, U. Evaluation of the one-step eosin-nigrosin staining technique for human sperm vitality assessment. Hum Reprod 2003; 18(4): 813–16.Google Scholar
Barratt, CL, Björndahl, L, Menkveld, R, Mortimer, D. ESHRE special interest group for andrology basic semen analysis course: a continued focus on accuracy, quality, efficiency and clinical relevance. Hum Reprod 2011; 26(12): 3207–12.Google Scholar
Menkveld, R, Stander, FS, Kotze, TJ, Kruger, TF, van Zyl, JA. The evaluation of morphological characteristics of human spermatozoa according to stricter criteria. Hum Reprod 1990; 5(5): 586–92.Google Scholar
Mortimer, D, Menkveld, R. Sperm morphology assessment: historical perspectives and current opinions. J Androl 2001; 22(2): 192–205.Google Scholar
Ahlgren, M. Sperm transport to and survival in the human fallopian tube. Gynecol Invest 1975; 6(3–4): 206–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jouannet, P, Ducot, B, Feneux, D, Spira, A. Male factors and the likelihood of pregnancy in infertile couples. I. Study of sperm characteristics. Int J Androl 1988; 11(5): 379–94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Menkveld, R, Rhemrev, JP, Franken, DR, Vermeiden, JP, Kruger, TF. Acrosomal morphology as a novel criterion for male fertility diagnosis: relation with acrosin activity, morphology (strict criteria), and fertilization in vitro. Fertil Steril 1996; 65(3): 637–44.Google Scholar
Björndahl, L. The usefulness and significance of assessing rapidly progressive spermatozoa. Asian J Androl 2010; 12(1): 33–5.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×