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Chapter 14 - Biopsy Techniques from Polar Body to Blastocyst

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 April 2023

By
Danilo Cimadomo ,
Nicoletta Barnocchi ,
Letizia Papini ,
Federica Innocenti ,
Filippo Maria Ubaldi  and
Laura Rienzi
Edited by
Catherine Racowsky ,
Jacques Cohen  and
Nicholas Macklon
Catherine Racowsky
Affiliation:
Hôpital Foch, France
Jacques Cohen
Affiliation:
IVF 2.0, New York
Nicholas Macklon
Affiliation:
London Women's Clinic
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Summary

Chromosomal aneuploidies mainly affect blastocysts produced from advanced maternal age women (≥35yr). Nevertheless, also in younger patients the aneuploidy rate is ~30%. If one of the partners is carrier of a structural rearrangement, the risk of producing aneuploid gametes is high, independently of woman age. Moreover, ~2% of the couples are carrier of an inheritable monogenic disease. To circumvent the risk of transferring affected and/or chromosomally-abnormal embryos, pre-implantation genetic testing has been introduced in IVF. Throughout the last 30 years, three biopsy approaches have been implemented: blastomere biopsy at the cleavage stage, polar body biopsy from oocytes/zygotes, and trophectoderm biopsy from the blastocyst. The latter is the current gold standard. Here we describe the three approaches along with tips and troubleshooting inherent to trophectoderm biopsy, to correctly perform it, optimize its outcomes, and cope with peculiar situations.

Keywords

polar body biopsyblastomere biopsytrophectoderm biopsyPGTbiopsy troubleshooting
Type
Chapter
Information
Manual of Embryo Selection in Human Assisted Reproduction , pp. 149 - 157
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

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